scholarly journals Philanthropic behaviour and motives

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hyánek ◽  
Marie Hladká
Keyword(s):  
Public Economics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Professional Sociologist ◽  
Free Rider Problem ◽  
Study Programme ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
The Face ◽  
People’S Attitudes

Even though philanthropy tends to be considered a sociological theme rather than an economic one, it poses a number of questions that challenge economists as well. We chose to address the following: How can economists contribute to the theories related to philanthropy? We examine some terms that are used in public economics theory and use them to explore the issues of philanthropy like Samaritan’s Dilemma, the Prisoner’s Dilemma, and the Free-Rider Problem, which we consider to be interesting and inspiring (Stone, 2008). We have to find and identify the social values of donors and volunteers rather than their economic values, because economists are not fully able to explain empathy, altruism, and helpful behaviour using traditional economic principles (Rutherford, 2008). The theoretical frame is supported by relevant empirical data. Before starting a large-scale survey, we decided to conduct smaller pre-research probes into people’s attitudes towards altruism, philanthropy, and giving. Even though our sample was not fully representative, the responses that we collected generated interesting findings about people’s views and attitudes. The first wave of data was collected between February and April 2009; the second wave between February and April 2010.Because of this pilot research mission and because of the budget restriction too, the non-representative sample of 823 respondents has been used; students of our Public Economics study programme were used as interviewers. They have also obtained a proper training of the professional sociologist. Students utilized the face to face interviewing method; non-standardized questions were immediately recorded into the reply form. Questions were divided into three groups with typical characteristics. The first one focuses on personal (individual) motives for financial donating (only financial gifts for non-profit organizations). Second part examines the attitudes of individual towards the non-profit sector and its transparency, while the third part analyses the profile of particular groups of donors, which are stratified according to selected characteristics as age, field of activity, income level, etc.This paper deals with the second group of questions. Because of the limited representativeness of the sample, the data are not linked to other observed socio-demographic characteristics and indicators (although we have collected them).Currently we are working on similar, but fundamentally extended and representative survey. In this paper presented preliminary research should serve basically as a reference for identifying dominant donor strategies, motives and attitudes.

Summary of Empirical Findings

2019 ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
James N. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Face

Chapter 10 summarizes the empirical results of the book. This chapter outlines each part of the study and highlights key findings for each of the major New England dialect features. The chapter serves as an overall reference for the major results of the book, from the large-scale online audio projects across New England down to the face-to-face interviews in particular regional field sites.

scholarly journals People’s attitudes towards deadwood in forest: evidence from the Ukrainian Carpathians

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Pelyukh ◽  
Alessandro Paletto ◽  
Lyudmyla Zahvoyska
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Positive Effect

People’s attitudes towards forest stand characteristics including deadwood are becoming increasingly relevant in sustainable forest management. The aim of this study is to investigate people’s attitudes towards deadwood in forest. The study was carried out in the Rakhiv region (Ukraine) characterized by high importance of forest resources for the local community and economy. People’s opinions were collected through the face-to-face administration of a questionnaire to 308 respondents. The survey investigated three aspects: importance of deadwood in forest; people’s perceptions of positive and negative effects of deadwood in forest; effects of presence and amount of deadwood in different types of forest on people’s aesthetical preferences. The results show that the majority of respondents consider deadwood as an important component of the forest, but generally they prefer intensively managed forests without deadwood. According to the respondents’ opinions, the most important positive effect of deadwood is a contribution to stand dynamics, while the most important negative effect is an increasing risk of insects and diseases.

scholarly journals Network infrastructure in the present-day realities

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Olga Zheleznyak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Network Culture ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

The development of digital technologies, the transformation of the Internet into a “communication medium” leads to the formation of a network society with the large-scale development of network culture and the invasion of network business and network forms of education. Replacement of the face-to-face contact by the network communication, destruction of personal space, openness of personal life, its “inclusion in the network”, simultaneous possibility of anonymity, protection and irresponsibility of users become a reality of modern life. Network systems are becoming the basic infrastructure of modern society.

scholarly journals The Role of Responsive Leadership in Meeting Customers' Needs during Crises

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Leadership Attributes ◽  
Leadership Support ◽  
The Face ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
The Impact

This case study conducted to investigate the impact of a responsive leadership approach in meeting customers' needs in a higher education institution in the UAE during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a mixed-method model has been used. The data has been collected from a convenient sample working and studying at Al Qasimia University Language Center, in fall 2020. This result indicates that the provided responsive leadership support during COVID-19 was effective and helped in motivating learners and customers to keep learning and making progress greater than what was shown before COVID-19, during the face-to-face teaching and physical assessment. Although the qualitative and quantitative results in this case study revealed a significant impact of responsive leadership approach on customers’ progress, there is still a need to conduct other researches to develop and validate a responsive leadership inventory to facilitate measuring of responsive leadership attributes in a large scale sample and/or population.

scholarly journals E-learning and Blended Learning in Orthodontic Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Manual Skills ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this article is to evaluate how effective and efficient e-learning and blended learning is when compared with traditional face-to-face learning in orthodontic education. This article also provides a comparison between face-to-face learning, e-learning, and blended learning. An open PubMed literature search was done from 1980 to 2015, and a total of 23 relevant key articles were reviewed. Information emerging from studies in orthodontic education has indicated that e-learning classes are at least as good as and/or better than face-to-face classroom learning. Till date, only one study stated that the face-to-face conventional learning is better than e-learning. Two studies stated that blended approach using both traditional face-to-face learning and e-learning is the best method. In one study, the advantages of e-learning observed in the theoretical fields of orthodontics were not achieved in learning practical procedures for manual skills. Few studies found improvements in the efficiency of learning with e-learning program. Studies performed through questionnaires showed that student’s attitude and acceptance toward the use of e-learning was positive and favorable; however, blended learning was always rated high. Future research should be based on experiences of both faculty and student on a large scale for implementation of e-learning and blended learning in academic institutions. There is also need to provide professional development for faculty who will be teaching both in the physical and virtual environments.

scholarly journals The Effects of Synchrony on Group Moral Hypocrisy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim Chvaja ◽  
Radek Kundt ◽  
Martin Lang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Moral Hypocrisy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Group Unity ◽  
Student Subjects

Humans have evolved various social behaviors such as interpersonal motor synchrony (i.e., matching movements in time), play and sport or religious ritual that bolster group cohesion and facilitate cooperation. While important for small communities, the face-to-face nature of such technologies makes them infeasible in large-scale societies where risky cooperation between anonymous individuals must be enforced through moral judgment and, ultimately, altruistic punishment. However, the unbiased applicability of group norms is often jeopardized by moral hypocrisy, i.e., the application of moral norms in favor of closer subgroup members such as key socioeconomic partners and kin. We investigated whether social behaviors that facilitate close ties between people also promote moral hypocrisy that may hamper large-scale group functioning. We recruited 129 student subjects that either interacted with a confederate in the high synchrony or low synchrony conditions or performed movements alone. Subsequently, participants judged a moral transgression committed by the confederate toward another anonymous student. The results showed that highly synchronized participants judged the confederate’s transgression less harshly than the participants in the other two conditions and that this effect was mediated by the perception of group unity with the confederate. We argue that for synchrony to amplify group identity in large-scale societies, it needs to be properly integrated with morally compelling group symbols that accentuate the group’s overarching identity (such as in religious worship or military parade). Without such contextualization, synchrony may create bonded subgroups that amplify local preferences rather than impartial and wide application of moral norms.

Boston, Longy School of Music: Rodney Lister's ‘Friendly Fire’

Tempo ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (266) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Peter Nelson-King
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Music ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Of Music ◽  
Friendly Fire ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Boston Marathon

The American public has been left in an odd position for the past few years in terms of the War on Terror. As the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan slowly trickle away our news outlets have lost interest in calculating the statistics of death, and we have become complacent and apathetic. The greatest fallacy in our vision of war is that wars have an end, when in reality war has never ended, but rather switched conflicts, like influenza. War will never end as long as natural human short-sightedness remains intact. Large-scale global communication may help in ending the threat of war, as new moral conflicts arise once we realize we can have a face-to-face conversation with a colleague on the other side of the world. Rodney Lister's Friendly Fire, premièred at Boston's Longy School of Music this past May in the coincidental wake of the Boston Marathon bombings, is a wide-ranging and harrowing plea for pacifism in the face of apathy. However, its performance by Charles Blandy and Collage New Music may betray its cause, meeting terror with tenuousness.

The Transformation of an ESL Teacher From the Face-to-Face to the Online Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-155
Author(s):  
Evelyn Doman
Keyword(s):  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Discussion Board ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Transformative Learning Theory ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
The Face ◽  
Field Notes

This chapter records the author's transformation as she develops into an online teacher after teaching face-to-face courses for over 20 years. By using autoethnography as the research approach, the phases of the author's transition from face-to-face, to blended, and finally to fully online teaching are documented. Qualitative data is presented in this chapter from field notes, journals, reflections, and discussion board posts in an online certificate course. Transformative learning theory provides the theory behind this study as it creates a context for making judgments about transformed frames of reference. Findings reveal changes in the mindset of the author while redesigning courses to fit the online platform, as well as immediately after teaching blended and then fully online courses. Implications of this research suggest that obstacles to teaching can be opportunities for personal enrichment and growth and that faculty can adjust to new environments if provided with proper training.

Changing Political Leadership in West Africa

Africa ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Garigue
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Individual Aspect ◽  
The Face ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphMuch recent research has been concerned with obtaining an acceptable definition of the terms ‘leader ’and ‘leadership’ to provide a basis for a theory of leadership. Some results have been achieved in the study of leadership in the ‘face-to-face’group. It is when large-scale social movements are involved that the techniques of the sociogram and personality tests, which have been the main tools of analysis in the ‘face-to-face’ studies, are not sufficient, and the investigator has to employ the institutional analysis, which places the individual aspect of leadership in a secondary position.

Supporting the Use of Rudimentary Vocalizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Zubow ◽  
Richard Hurtig
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
The Face

Children with Rett Syndrome (RS) are reported to use multiple modalities to communicate although their intentionality is often questioned (Bartolotta, Zipp, Simpkins, & Glazewski, 2011; Hetzroni & Rubin, 2006; Sigafoos et al., 2000; Sigafoos, Woodyatt, Tuckeer, Roberts-Pennell, & Pittendreigh, 2000). This paper will present results of a study analyzing the unconventional vocalizations of a child with RS. The primary research question addresses the ability of familiar and unfamiliar listeners to interpret unconventional vocalizations as “yes” or “no” responses. This paper will also address the acoustic analysis and perceptual judgments of these vocalizations. Pre-recorded isolated vocalizations of “yes” and “no” were presented to 5 listeners (mother, father, 1 unfamiliar, and 2 familiar clinicians) and the listeners were asked to rate the vocalizations as either “yes” or “no.” The ratings were compared to the original identification made by the child's mother during the face-to-face interaction from which the samples were drawn. Findings of this study suggest, in this case, the child's vocalizations were intentional and could be interpreted by familiar and unfamiliar listeners as either “yes” or “no” without contextual or visual cues. The results suggest that communication partners should be trained to attend to eye-gaze and vocalizations to ensure the child's intended choice is accurately understood.

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