Comparison of Maize Silage-based Diets for Dairy Cows Containing Extruded Rapeseed Cake or Extruded Full-fat Soybean as Major Protein Sources

The trial was carried out on four Holstein cows with initial milk yield of 27.3 ± 1.7 kg.day−1. Cows were divided into two groups – the first was fed a diet based on extruded rapeseed cake (D-ERC), the second one was fed a diet based on extruded full-fat soybean (D-EFFS), both diets contained maize silage and meadow hay. The experiment was divided into 4 periods of 42 days. Intake of dry matter, crude protein and NEL was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05) while the intake of PDIA, PDIN and PDIE was lower in D-ERC than in D-EFFS (P < 0.05). Milk yield in D-ERC (22.6 kg.d−1) was lower than in D-EFFS (24.7 kg.d−1, P < 0.001) while concentration of milk fat and protein were reverse (P < 0.05). Smaller portion of essential AADI in crude protein intake (CPI) in D-ERC resulted in lower efficiency of CPI utilization for milk protein synthesis in comparison to D-EFFS being 313 and 327 g.kg−1, respectively (P < 0.01). Concentration of AA in blood plasma was not affected by the type of diet except of His and Ile that were higher in D-EFFS (P < 0.01).

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Effect of Ruminally-protected leucine supplement on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960608787235531 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 351 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. KRÍZOVÁ ◽

J. TRINÁCTÝ ◽

M. RICHTER

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Plasma Amino Acids ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Ad Libitum

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of leucine supplement in the form of rumen-protected tablets on milk yield and composition and plasma amino acids in four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows. The experiment was carried out as a cross-over procedure and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10 d preliminary period and 4 d experimental period). Cows were fed ad libitum a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and a supplemental mixture. The diet, defficient in methionine, lysine, and leucine, was supplemented with methionine+lysine (Control) or methionine+lysine+leucine (Leu) in rumen protected form. The dry matter intake, milk yield and milk yield expressed in energy corrected milk did not differ significantly between the treatments. Milk protein content and yield did not show statistically significant variation. The contents and yield of casein, fat, lactose and urea were unaffected by the treatment. Blood metabolites did not vary between the treatments. The introduction of Leu resulted in higher plasma levels of proline (p

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ransum dengan Kualitas Berbeda Terhadap Profil Darah, Produksi Susu dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Perah

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v6i1.4940 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aqni Hanifa

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Hb Concentration

<div class="Section1">An experiment was conducted to study blood profile, milk yield and liveweight gain of dairy cows as affected by dietary different quality of diets. The experiment used 15 lactating PFH were assigned into three treatments of diets and</div> five replication, three treatments of diets were : 1) T1 (CP 12% dan TDN 65%); 2) T2 (CP 14% dan TDN 70%) dan 3) T3 (CP 16% dan TDN 75%).The results of this experiment showed that the average of dry matter (DM) intake on Tl, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,59; 10,03 and 10,94 kg/d, respectively (P<0,01). The average of crude protein intake (CP) on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 1,06; 1,44 and 1,71 kg/d (P<0,01), also the average of TDN intake on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 5,52; 6,86 and 8,02 kg/d (P<0,01). The average of Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 10,21: 11,18 and 10,44 g/dl (P>0,05), also the average of eritrosit value on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 3,37; 3,73 and 3,48 million/mm3;, respectively (P>0,05). The average of milk yield on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,12; 11,29 and 13,42 l/d (P<0,05). The average of liveweight gain on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 81,66; 117,71 and 320,00 g/d (P>0,05). The conclusions of this research was the highest level of CP and "1'DN in diets (CP 16% and TDN 75%) showed that feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield gave the best than other treatments. Different dietary quality of diets altered significant on feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield, but the treatments did not affect on liveweight gain, Fib and eritrosit concentration. Key words : diets quality, feed intake, blood profile, milk yield, liveweight gain, dairy cows

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Effect of replacing maize grain by hybrid rye grain in the TMR on performance of mid-lactating dairy cows

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2021-0006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Patrycja Rajtar ◽

Marek Sady ◽

Paweł Górka ◽

Sylvia Kehoe ◽

Piotr Micek

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Rennet Coagulation ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Hybrid Rye ◽

Maize Grain

Abstract Grain from traditional varieties of rye is not commonly used in dairy cattle nutrition. However, new hybrid varieties of rye currently available are characterized by some nutritional and agrotechnical benefits. This paper deals with the hypothesis that rye grain derived from a hybrid variety may be an alternative for maize grain in diets for dairy cattle. Sixteen lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two groups according to their parity (8 primi- and 8 multiparous), stage of lactation (106 ± 30 days after calving) and milk yield (34 ± 4 kg/day). Cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing grass silage and whole crop maize silage and 29.2% of the concentrate (in dry matter). The latter contained approximately 48% of either maize grain (M) or hybrid rye grain (HR) as a main source of cereal grain. Experimental diets were fed for 9-weeks. The use of HR as a substitute for M did not affect (P>0.05) dry matter intake and milk yield. There were no differences between treatment groups in the content of milk solids, amino acids, and fatty acid profile. However, substituting M by HR positively influenced composition of milk protein fractions by increasing the proportion of α-casein (37.0 vs 39.7%; P<0.01) and к-casein (6.5 vs 7.3%; P=0.02) as well as decreasing the proportion of β-casein (28.8 vs 27.8%; P=0.02) and sensory characteristics of the milk (body and texture and taste; P<0.05). In turn, the composition of the diet did not affect the technological suitability for processing of milk fat (acid and peroxide number, melting and solidification temperature), rennet coagulation time, heat stability or titratable acidity. This study has shown that hybrid rye grain may be an alternative for maize grain in a TMR based on grass and whole maize silage for mid-lactation dairy cows. Further studies are needed with higher proportion of hybrid rye grain in TMR or with other roughages used in a basal diet to fully determine efficiency of hybrid rye grain use in diets for dairy cows.

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The effect of distillery by-products and molassed sugar beet feed on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows fed a maize silage based total mixed ration

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600034140 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 201-201

Author(s):

R. H. Phipps ◽

A. K. Jones ◽

J.G. Perrot

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Milk Protein Content

An earlier study conducted at the Centre for Dairy Research (Phipps et al. 1996) using a total mixed ration (TMR) based on maize silage, showed that when distillers grains wheat and molassed sugar beet feed (MSBF) replaced cereal and protein supplements, milk yield and dry matter (DM) intake were maintained but there was a large and significant reduction in milk fat and a small but significant reduction in milk protein. This depression in milk protein was attributed to the high oil content of distillers grains, which would have reduced fermentable metabolisable energy intake which in turn may have adversely affected microbial protein synthesis and reduced milk protein content. The aim of the current study was to devise a nutritional regime using distillers grains maize (DGM) and MSBF in a TMR which would allow milk fat content to be substantially reduced without compromising either DM intake, milk yield or milk protein content.

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Effects of protein concentration in the diet on milk yield, change in body composition and the efficiency of utilization of body tissue for milk production in ewes

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100040538 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 111-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

R. T. Cowan ◽

J. J. Robinson ◽

I. McHattie ◽

K. Pennie

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Food Intake ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Protein ◽

The Body ◽

Low Protein ◽

Dietary Concentration

ABSTRACTTwenty-five mature Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes, each suckling two lambs, were used to measure the effects of dietary concentration of crude protein on food intake, milk yield and changes in body composition during the first 6 weeks of lactation. Diets were complete mixes of milled hay and concentrates, and the amounts of barley and fish meal were altered to give crude protein concentrations of 116 and 143g/kg dry matter. Ten ewes were slaughtered at 5 to 7 days of lactation and the remaining ewes were slaughtered at 40 to 43 days of lactation.The higher concentration of crude protein in the diet did not alter food intake or digestion. Milk yield was not altered in the first 3 weeks of lactation but was increased in weeks 4 and 5 (P<0·05). Production of milk protein was increased by a higher protein concentration in the diet (P<0·01) and this effect was evident from the 2nd week of lactation. Weight of chemically determined fat in the body decreased from 179 to 13-0kg from 6 to 42 days of lactation (P<0·001) for ewes on diets of both concentrations of crude protein.It was concluded that the higher level of protein intake during early lactation increased yields of milk and milk protein. The data suggest that the energy lost from the body was used more efficiently by ewes given the diet of high, rather than low, protein content.

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Effects of dietary neutral detergent fibre to protein ratio on duodenal microbial nitrogen flow and nitrogen losses in lactating cows fed high-concentrate total mixed rations with different forage combinations

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859614001312 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 153 (4) ◽

pp. 753-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Q. C. REN ◽

X. JIN ◽

Z. H. ZHANG ◽

H. J. YANG ◽

S. L. LI

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Rumen Content ◽

N Losses ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Structural Carbohydrate

SUMMARYThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) : crude protein (CP) ratio on duodenal microbial crude protein (MCP) flow and nitrogen (N) losses. The study was completed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with five lactating Holstein dairy cows and 5 high-concentrate total mixed rations (TMR) with different forage combinations, typical for Northern China. The rations with a fixed forage-to-concentrate ratio (39 : 61) resulted in different dietary NDF : CP ratios: TMR1 3·03 : 1 (428·2 g NDF/kg : 141·4 g CP/kg); TMR2 2·74 : 1 (392·7 g NDF/kg : 143·2 g CP/kg); TMR3 2·55 : 1 (368·3 g NDF/kg : 144·4 g CP/kg); TMR4 1·84 : 1 (304·8 g NDF/kg : 165·8 g CP/kg); TMR5 1·60 : 1 (285·0 g NDF/kg : 178·0 g CP/kg). Rumen content, milk, blood, urine and faeces were sampled on the last 3 days of five 18-day periods. Purine derivatives in the urine samples were determined to estimate rumen MCP flow into the small intestine. Milk yield and milk protein yield increased linearly with decreasing dietary NDF : CP ratio although slight differences in dry matter intake were observed due to feed intake restriction. Diurnal ammonia N in the rumen and duodenal MCP flow increased linearly, but blood urea N, urinary N and faecal N linearly decreased with decreasing dietary NDF : CP ratio. The enhanced N utilization in the maize-silage-based TMRs (TMR4–5) in comparison with maize-stover-based TMRs (TMR1–3) increased milk yield and the synthesis of milk protein instead of milk fat in the lactating cows, probably due to high transfer of ammonia N into rumen MCP with a considerable increase of dietary non-fibre carbohydrate content and the decrease of NDF : CP ratio. The present results indicate that not only increasing dietary non-structural carbohydrate content but also adjusting the ratio of structural carbohydrate to CP ratio are important diet formulation strategies for mitigating N losses in lactating cows.

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Effect of raw or roasted whole soybeans on early lactational performance and ruminal and blood metabolites in Iranian cows

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859607007125 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 145 (5) ◽

pp. 529-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. H. FATHI NASRI ◽

M. DANESH MESGARAN ◽

A. NIKKHAH ◽

R. VALIZADEH ◽

E. KEBREAB ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Lactational Performance ◽

The Difference

SUMMARYThe current study evaluated responses of early lactation Iranian Holstein cows to feeding roasted whole soybeans (SB) plus cottonseed meal (CSM), raw SB plus CSM and soybean meal (SBM) plus cottonseed (CS) in diets with lucerne hay and maize silage as the primary forage source. Treatments consisted of a total mixed ration that included 387 g forage/kg, supplemented with: (1) 120 g roasted SB/kg and 82 g CSM/kg, (2) 120 g raw SB/kg and 82 g CSM/kg, or (3) 120 g SBM/kg and 82 g CS/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets were offered to 14 multiparous Holstein cows (body weight=617·0 kg, days in milk=16·9) that were assigned randomly to one of three experimental diets for a 45-day trial. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher for the roasted SB plus CSM diet than for the raw SB plus CSM diet but the difference between the SB plus CSM diets and SBM plus CS was not significant. Yields of milk and 35 g fat-corrected milk (FCM)/kg and milk fat were significantly higher for the roasted SB plus CSM diet than for raw SB plus CSM and also for the SB plus CSM diets than for SBM plus CS. Milk protein concentration was significantly increased by about 2·0 g/kg by the SBM plus CS diet, but milk protein yield was the same for cows fed SBM plus CS, roasted SB plus CSM and raw SB plus CSM diets. Rumen ammonia N, plasma urea N (PUN) and milk urea N (MUN) concentrations were lower when the roasted SB plus CSM diet was fed. Ruminal pH and plasma glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected by dietary treatments. Plasma concentrations of essential amino acids (EAA), except Leu and Phe, were higher in cows fed the roasted SB plus CSM diet than in those fed raw SB plus CSM. The cows fed the SBM plus CS diet had the same concentrations of EAA, except Phe, as cows fed SB plus CSM diets. For diets based on lucerne hay and maize silage as the primary forage source, roasting of SB provides additional benefits over raw SB.

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Effects of Microencapsulated Methionine on Milk Production and Manure Nitrogen Excretions of Lactating Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3545

Author(s):

Layla King ◽

Janaka Wickramasinghe ◽

Brooke Dooley ◽

Carrie McCarthy ◽

Emily Branstad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Protein Yield ◽

N Losses ◽

Study Objective ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

The study objective was to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine (Met) by microencapsulation (RPM) on amino acid (AA) supply to the udder, milk production, and manure nitrogen (N) losses of dairy cows. A corn and soybean-based diet deficient in metabolizable Met (~10 g/d) was supplemented with RPM providing 0, 11.0, 19.3, and 27.5 g/d of Met. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, plasma essential AA (EAA), mammary plasma flow (MPF), and fecal (FN) and urinary N (UN) outputs (g/d) were determined. The RPM increased linearly milk yield, milk protein yield, and energy corrected milk yield (p < 0.040) without affecting DMI. Milk protein yield increased by 50 g/d for the 19.3 vs. 0 g/d dose (p = 0.006) but the rate of increment decreased for 27.5 g/d dose. Plasma Met, and MPF increased linearly with RPM dose (p < 0.050). Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.020) and FN (p = 0.081) decreased linearly with RPM. The UN did not change but total manure N decreased linearly with RPM (p = 0.054). The RPM (19.3 g/d) seemed to help cows overcome the metabolizable Met deficiency while mitigating manure N excretions to the environment.

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The effect of distillery by-products and molassed sugar beet feed on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows fed a maize silage based total mixed ration

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200598536 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 201-201

Author(s):

R. H. Phipps ◽

A. K. Jones ◽

J.G. Perrot

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Milk Protein Content

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Effect of the level of concentrate supplementation, herbage allowance and milk yield at turn-out on the performance of dairy cows in mid lactation at grazing

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800058161 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 171-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

L. Delaby ◽

J. L. Peyraud ◽

R. Delagarde

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Cow Performance

AbstractIn order to establish the response of dairy cow performance to concentrate supplementation in contrasting grazing conditions and for cows differing in milk yield at turn-out, three experiments were conducted. Each year, two levels of herbage allowance were studied in interaction with four (experiment 1) or three (experiments 2 and 3) levels of concentrate on two groups of 30 to 40 mid-lactation Holstein cows producing between 20 and 46 kg milk at turnout. Amount of concentrate and herbage allowance ranged from 0 to 6 kg fresh weight and from 12 to 22 kg dry matter (DM) per cow per day respectively. The supplementation led to average responses, per kg DM concentrate, of 104 kg milk, +66 g/day body-weight gain, +0·19 g/kg milk protein and -0·57 g/kg milk fat. These responses remained linear up to 4 or 6 kg according to the years and treatments. The response to the concentrate did not vary with the milk yield or composition at turn-out. The increase in the herbage allowance from 12 to 16 kg DM per cow per day (experiment 1) improved milk yield (+1·2 kg/day) and milk protein (+0·7 g/kg) while the increase from 16 to 22 kg DM (experiments 2 and 3) had less effect (+0·5 kg/day milk yield and +0·4 g/kg milk protein). There was no clear interaction between concentrate supplementation and herbage allowance. Under the usual conditions of spring pasture, with cows in mid lactation, the use of a constant level of concentrate at grazing proves to be a technique of some interest.

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