Effects of protein concentration in the diet on milk yield, change in body composition and the efficiency of utilization of body tissue for milk production in ewes

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Cowan ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McHattie ◽  
K. Pennie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Concentration

ABSTRACTTwenty-five mature Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes, each suckling two lambs, were used to measure the effects of dietary concentration of crude protein on food intake, milk yield and changes in body composition during the first 6 weeks of lactation. Diets were complete mixes of milled hay and concentrates, and the amounts of barley and fish meal were altered to give crude protein concentrations of 116 and 143g/kg dry matter. Ten ewes were slaughtered at 5 to 7 days of lactation and the remaining ewes were slaughtered at 40 to 43 days of lactation.The higher concentration of crude protein in the diet did not alter food intake or digestion. Milk yield was not altered in the first 3 weeks of lactation but was increased in weeks 4 and 5 (P<0·05). Production of milk protein was increased by a higher protein concentration in the diet (P<0·01) and this effect was evident from the 2nd week of lactation. Weight of chemically determined fat in the body decreased from 179 to 13-0kg from 6 to 42 days of lactation (P<0·001) for ewes on diets of both concentrations of crude protein.It was concluded that the higher level of protein intake during early lactation increased yields of milk and milk protein. The data suggest that the energy lost from the body was used more efficiently by ewes given the diet of high, rather than low, protein content.

Effects of feeding level in late pregnancy and dietary protein concentration during early lactation on food intake, milk yield, liveweight change and nitrogen balance of cows

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Cowan ◽  
George W. Reid ◽  
James F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
Charles A. G. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryThirty-nine British Friesian cows and 17 British Friesian heifers were used to measure the effects on milk yield, food intake and digestion, and N balance of increasing the protein concentration in the diet from 111 to 147 g crude protein/kg dry matter during the first 16 weeks of lactation. The comparison was made for animals given food either ad lib. or at a level which allowed them to gain 0·5 kg/d during the 8 weeks before parturition, and for animals given ad lib. diets of either 60:40 or 40:60 hay: concentrate ratio during early lactation. Milk yield was increased by a higher protein concentration in the diet (P < 0·01) and the increase was evident from the first week of lactation. Mean increases over the first 8 weeks of lactation were 3 kg/d for animals on the diet of high roughage content and 7 kg/d for animals on the diet of low roughage content. A higher crude protein content in the diet also increased food intake (P < 0·05) and digestion (P < 0·05), and the increases were greater for animals given the diet of low compared with high roughage content. Level of feeding before parturition did not influence food intake or milk yield and there were no differences between cows and heifers in their response to treatments. N balance over the first 10 weeks of lactation averaged –13 g/d for cows and 6 g/d for heifers (P < 0·025). and was not significantly altered by treatments. Mean N balance of all animals was estimated to increase from –37 g/d immediately after parturition to zero at 8 weeks of lactation. The results demonstrate that an increased protein concentration in the diet during early lactation is associated with increased food intake and digestibility of food, which are in turn largely responsible for higher levels of milk production.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

The nutrition of the early weaned lamb:II. The effect of dietary protein concentration, feeding level and sex on body composition at two live weights

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Andrews ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Extract Content

SUMMARY1. In an experiment with ninety-nine lambs the effects on the body composition of male and female lambs were examined when five diets containing different concentrations of crude protein (in the range 10–20%) were given at three levels of feeding and lambs were slaughtered at two live weights (27·5 and 40 kg).2. With lambs slaughtered at 27·5 kg there were significant increases in the rate of both nitrogen and fat retention with increases in levels of feeding. There were also linear increases in the rate of protein deposition and decreases in fat deposition with increases in the concentration of crude protein. This effect was particularly marked at the high level of feeding.3. With lambs slaughtered at 40 kg live weight there were also linear increases in fat and in nitrogen deposition with increasing feeding level but the effect of increasing the protein concentration on increases in nitrogen retention departed from linearity.4. While at 27·5 kg there were no significant effects of feeding level on nitrogen and ether-extract content of the bodies at slaughter, with animals slaughtered at 40 kg there was a significant linear decrease in ether-extract content with increasing feeding level and a corresponding linear increase in nitrogen content with increased level of feeding.5. Male lambs deposited more nitrogen and less fat than females. This was true of both rate of deposition and of carcass composition at 40 kg live weight.

Studies with the Australian Cashmere Goat. II. Effects of dietary protein concentration and feeding level on body composition of male and female goats

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Ash ◽  
BW Norton
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of plane of nutrition (ad libitum and 75% ad libitum) and dietary crude protein concentration (11.3, 16.0 and 20.9% crude protein) on body composition of male and female weaner goats were studied in a comparative slaughter experiment. The initial chemical composition of the body (water, ash, protein, fat) and dissectible tissue fractions of the carcass (muscle, fat, bone) of the experimental goats were estimated from regression equations, derived from a group of twelve comparable kids. The final chemical composition and carcass tissue distribution were determined directly by chemical and dissection analyses. There was no effect of dietary crude protein concentration on the chemical composition of the empty body weight (EBW) gain or on carcass tissue distribution. The lack of any response to dietary protein was attributed to similar levels of protein/energy available at the small intestine despite large differences in crude protein intake. Ad libitum feeding, however, resulted in significantly more fat (31.0 v. 22.6% of EBW gain) and less water (51.1 v. 56.4% of EBW gain) in the composition of the gain compared with restricted feeding. There was no effect of feeding level on protein or ash content of the body. Goats fed ad libitum had significantly less muscle (60.1 v. 62.5%) and more dissectible fat (19.5 v. 16.3%) in their carcasses than kids restricted in their intake. Females had significantly more fat (32.7 v. 22.4% of EBW gain) but less water (48.4 v. 57.9% of EBW gain) and nitrogen (2.2 v. 2.8% of EBW gain) in their body gain than did males. Similarly, the carcass of females contained more dissectible fat (22.6 v. 13.2%) but less bone (15.8 v. 19.3%) and muscle (58.5 v. 64.1%) than males. The efficiency of utilization of dietary energy for growth and fattening (kf) was similar (0.32) for all groups of kids.

scholarly journals Comparison of Maize Silage-based Diets for Dairy Cows Containing Extruded Rapeseed Cake or Extruded Full-fat Soybean as Major Protein Sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-909
Author(s):  
Jiří Třináctý ◽  
Michal Richter ◽  
Ludmila Křížová
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Rapeseed Cake

The trial was carried out on four Holstein cows with initial milk yield of 27.3 ± 1.7 kg.day−1. Cows were divided into two groups – the first was fed a diet based on extruded rapeseed cake (D-ERC), the second one was fed a diet based on extruded full-fat soybean (D-EFFS), both diets contained maize silage and meadow hay. The experiment was divided into 4 periods of 42 days. Intake of dry matter, crude protein and NEL was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05) while the intake of PDIA, PDIN and PDIE was lower in D-ERC than in D-EFFS (P < 0.05). Milk yield in D-ERC (22.6 kg.d−1) was lower than in D-EFFS (24.7 kg.d−1, P < 0.001) while concentration of milk fat and protein were reverse (P < 0.05). Smaller portion of essential AADI in crude protein intake (CPI) in D-ERC resulted in lower efficiency of CPI utilization for milk protein synthesis in comparison to D-EFFS being 313 and 327 g.kg−1, respectively (P < 0.01). Concentration of AA in blood plasma was not affected by the type of diet except of His and Ile that were higher in D-EFFS (P < 0.01).

scholarly journals Effects of Microencapsulated Methionine on Milk Production and Manure Nitrogen Excretions of Lactating Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Layla King ◽  
Janaka Wickramasinghe ◽  
Brooke Dooley ◽  
Carrie McCarthy ◽  
Emily Branstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The study objective was to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine (Met) by microencapsulation (RPM) on amino acid (AA) supply to the udder, milk production, and manure nitrogen (N) losses of dairy cows. A corn and soybean-based diet deficient in metabolizable Met (~10 g/d) was supplemented with RPM providing 0, 11.0, 19.3, and 27.5 g/d of Met. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, plasma essential AA (EAA), mammary plasma flow (MPF), and fecal (FN) and urinary N (UN) outputs (g/d) were determined. The RPM increased linearly milk yield, milk protein yield, and energy corrected milk yield (p < 0.040) without affecting DMI. Milk protein yield increased by 50 g/d for the 19.3 vs. 0 g/d dose (p = 0.006) but the rate of increment decreased for 27.5 g/d dose. Plasma Met, and MPF increased linearly with RPM dose (p < 0.050). Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.020) and FN (p = 0.081) decreased linearly with RPM. The UN did not change but total manure N decreased linearly with RPM (p = 0.054). The RPM (19.3 g/d) seemed to help cows overcome the metabolizable Met deficiency while mitigating manure N excretions to the environment.

scholarly journals Birdsfoot trefoil - an alternative legume for New Zealand dairy pastures

1998 ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Harris ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
P.J. Laboyrie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil

Two grazing trials conducted with Friesian cows in mid lactation showed milk yields were higher on birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)-dominant pasture (19.8 and 16.7 l/cow/day) than on white clover-dominant (17.8 and 15.4 l/cow/day) or ryegrass-dominant (13.0 and 11.7 l/cow/day) pastures. Increased milk production on the Lotus and clover was attributed to the higher nutritive value of the legume-based pasture compared with the ryegrass, and to higher dry matter intakes. Cows grazing Lotus also had improved feed conversion efficiency compared with those grazing either ryegrass or clover, indicating that the presence of condensed tannins in the Lotus may have contributed to the improved efficiency. Milk protein concentration was consistently higher on the Lotus (3.36 and 3.35%) than on the ryegrass (3.15 and 3.21%) or clover (3.30 and 3.21%) in both experiments, while milk fat levels were lower in Experiment 1. While Lotus increased milk yield and milk protein concentration, its potential as a forage legume for dairy cows also depends on annual herbage production and the determination of how best to utilise it in a farm system. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, dairy cows, dry matter intake, Lotus corniculatus, milk composition, milk yield, perennial ryegrass, white clover

Effects of dietary deficiencies of energy, protein and calcium on the pregnant ewe. I. Body composition and mineral content of the ewes

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

SUMMARYForty 6½-year-old Scottish Blackface ewes were used in an experiment to investigate the effects of low protein and low calcium (Ca) intakes during pregnancy on body composition and mineral contents. Six sheep were slaughtered at the commencement of the experiment as controls; 28 were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment in which semipurified diets containing 11·8 and 6·0% crude protein (CP) and 1·2 and 0·11% Ca in the dry matter were offered to maintain non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketone bodies in the plasma at levels comparable to those found in hill sheep in winter. All ewes were slaughtered after parturition and the carcase dissected into soft tissue and skeleton fractions. Both fractions were dissolved in HNO3and the fat and mineral contents measured.

EVALUATION OF WHOLE CROP OAT SILAGE AS A BASAL FORAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Molar Percent ◽  
Dough Stage

Corn silage ensiled at 33% dry matter (DM) (Treatment CS); oats harvested at the milk stage of maturity and ensiled with oat grain (Treatment OG); oats harvested at the milk stage of maturity and wilted prior to ensiling (Treatment OM) and oats harvested at the soft dough stage of maturity and ensiled (Treatment OSD) were fed to each of 16 lactating cows during four successive 49-day periods, according to a switchback design. The silages as fed contained 34.5, 34.2, 31.9 and 36.6% dry matter (DM) and 8.6, 14.0, 14.4 and 10.5% protein for Treatments CS, OG, OM, and OSD, respectively. Forage dry matter (DM) intake was significantly greater (P < 0.01) on Treatment OG than on CS, and significantly less (P < 0.01) on Treatment OM than on either CS, OG or OSD. Milk yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on Treatment OG than on OM. Milk protein percent was higher (P < 0.05) on Treatment CS than on OSD, and lactose percent was lower (P < 0.01) on Treatment CS than on OG. There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of treatment on the acetate:propionate ratio in the rumen fluid. However, molar percent of rumen butyrate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower on Treatment OM than on either CS or OG. The apparent digestibilities of silage DM were 58.6, 58.0, 60.8, and 52.9, and of silage crude protein were 43.3, 65.3, 63.8, and 55.0 for Treatments CS, OG, OM, and OSD, respectively. Efficiencies of conversion of dietary energy and protein to milk energy and protein were also calculated.

The effects of a low-protein food supplement on the yield and composition of milk from grazing dairy cows and on the composition of their diet

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Corbett ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

1. Dried molassed sugar-beet pulp was fed to dairy cows grazing abundant intensively managed pastures in two trials (spring and autumn), each of 8 weeks' duration. A change-over design (four 14-day periods) with twenty-four cows was employed in each trial. Apart from six changes for the autumn trial, the same cows were used throughout.2. In the spring trial (May–July) 8 lb. beet pulp were fed daily. The herbage dry matter consumed contained, on average, 16·8% crude protein, and the general mean milk yield was 38 lb./cow/day. The milk yield of the supplemented cows was 1·3 lb. (3·7%) greater than that of the control animals (P < 0·05).3. In the autumn trial (August–October) 10 lb. beet pulp were fed daily. The herbage dry matter consumed contained 23·8% crude protein and the general mean milk yield was 27 lb./cow/day. The milk yield of the supplemented cows was 2·9 lb. (11·3%) greater than that of the control animals (P < 0·001).

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