scholarly journals The Influence of Using the Traction Booster of the Semi‑Mounted Plough on the Performance Parameters of the Ploughing Set

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Renčín ◽  
Adam Polcar ◽  
František Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given

The objective of this article is to verify the influence of the use of the traction cylinder of the semi‑mounted plough on the performance parameters of the ploughing set., Claas Axion 850 set, equipped with Hexashift mechanical stepped gearbox, fully geared under the load of Pöttinger semi-mounted plough was used for the purposes of the measurement. Assessed parameters included force in the upper rod, slip, effective performance of the set and fuel consumption. The results of the measurement clearly indicate the positive influence of the traction booster on the performance and energetic parameters of the ploughing set. By increasing the force in the upper rod, the torque is transferred to the land-wheel which partially relieves the furrow wheel and transfers the weight pertaining to this wheel to the land-wheel. This has decreased the slip (between 0 – 15 MPa: 7.5 % for plant-bed wheel and 2 % for furrow wheel) and increased the performance of the set (hectare efficiency was increased by 3.7 %) while reducing consumption and eliminating the undesirable compaction. The difference of effective consumption was between the pressure 0 and 15 MPa 0,6 l/ha which corresponds to a decrease of 2.6 % and 2.89 ml/m3, equal to a decrease of 3.9 %. Except for some exceptions, the changes of the monitored parameters were not statistically significant. This was caused especially due to the conditions of the measurement and also due to the chosen aggregation. The measured values fluctuated due to soil non-homogeneity, which was subsequently reflected in the size of the confidence intervals and due to the fact that the tractor was under-dimensioned for the given conditions and the plough construction, the influence of the traction booster has not been proven to such an extent.

scholarly journals ФАРМАКОЛОГІЧНА ДІЯ ПРЕПАРАТУ «ЕКОСОРБ 25» ТА ВПЛИВ НА РІВЕНЬ НАПРУЖЕНОСТІ ІМУНІТЕТУ СВИНЕЙ, ЩО ЗНАХОДЯТЬСЯ НА ВІДГОДІВЛІ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Zh. Rybachuk
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System Reduction ◽  
Group Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given

In the articles resulted the uses of preparation given inrelation to expediency are with adsorbent properties of «Еcosorb 25» for pigs that are on fattening. Undertakenstudies it is well–proven that introduction in the complementof ration of the indicated adsorbent from a calculation 5 kg/1the ton of forage is predetermined by an increase in the serum of blood of content of immunoproteins. Content ofimmunoproteins is in the serum of blood of pigs, that it isexposed to research to application of adsorbent was differentand was in a wide range, a mean value was 15.9 ± 3.2 gs/l immune status of investigational population is different Accordingly. Consider that such wide range of data testifiesto different activity of functioning of the immune system andconditioned by the different antigen loading each ofinvestigationalanimals. In a 21 twenty–four hours, after thebeginning of application of adsorbent of «Еcosorb 25» content of immunoproteins in the serum of blood of pigs of anexperience group is considerably less in comparing to theanimals that in composition a ration got «Ecosorb 25». Forthese pigs (control group) content of immunoproteins was at the level of a 16.6 ± 1.27g/l, but substantially differed for every animal, that testifiedtheir immune status to different. For the pigs of an experiencegroup a difference is between the least and maximal index ofcontent of immunoproteins presented 17.8% that specified onalmost identical reactivity of the immune system (reduction ofreceipt of antigens, maybe and mycotoxins from agastrointestinal tract). Got the given is conditioned by thedisplay of adsorbent action of preparation that is entered to the ration of pigs of an experience group. Positive influence of «Ecosorb 25» on functioning of the immune system atintroduction to the ration of pigs that are on fattening, theresults of research of serum of blood testify through 2 missesafter the beginning of application. Reduction to content of immunoproteins is registered in theserum of blood of pigs of control group on 15.7% comparing to the previous index (21twenty–four hours) and 19.5% animals of an experience group. For certain (Р ≥ 0,99) contentof immunoproteins increased in the serum of blood of pigs ofan experience group 17 ± 0.25 gs/of to 14.0 ± 0.76 g/l that maybe it contingently the receipt of substances with animmunodepressive action (including and micotoxins) in the organism of animals of control group. Id est, at feeding to the pigs of preparation of «Ecosorb 25» with adsorbent properties during 2th months, stipulated reduction of receiptof toxins in blood, and accordingly and reduction offunctional activity immune. It provides rapid reactivity of the immune system andsynthesis of sufficient amount of antibodies at the hit ofmicroorganisms to the organism of pigs, that in compositiona ration got an adsorbent. As for the animals of control group registered reduction to content of immunoproteins in theserum of blood, it testifies to weakening of functional activityof the immune system. The difference of content ofimmunoproteins in the serum of blood of pigs testifies to the increase of providing of better immunological defence in the organism of animals of anexperience group and reduction of him in a control group. 

scholarly journals Cutting duration and performance parameters of a harvester’s sawing unit under real working conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Prinz ◽  
Kari Väätäinen ◽  
Johanna Routa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Amongst all the working elements of single grip harvesters, the working elements of felling and processing play an important role within the cut-to-length (CTL) harvester’s working phases. This includes the felling cutting and cross-cutting of stems within the felling and processing operation. The detailed investigation of such individual machine activities may help to analyse and improve the performance of forest machines. The objective of this study was to investigate the cutting duration and other performance parameters, including the fuel consumption, of a CTL harvester’s sawing unit under real working conditions. Detailed information on the felling cutting and cross-cutting performance was collected at short intervals using CAN bus data of two single grip harvesters in final felling from two different sites in Eastern Finland. As a result, models for effective time consumption in the work phase of cutting as a function of stem size were developed, both for felling cutting and cross-cutting. Felling cutting and cross-cutting durations were somewhat identical until the cutting diameters of 400–450 mm, depending on the site. Thereafter, the cutting time difference increased and was higher in felling cutting. At the site with large diameters of 550–650 mm, the difference varied between 15% and 28%, between the comparisons of formulae. In addition, other performance parameters, including the respective fuel consumption of this working phase, were part of the study. The study revealed a higher hourly based fuel consumption for the entire guide bar movement time compared to the pure cutting time in cross-cutting with stem diameters below 400 mm. Detailed knowledge of the performance of the sawing unit’s activities might help the planning process of future studies, as well as support the future development of efficient and intelligent machinery.

Performance Analyses of the Spiral Groove Dry Gas Seal with Inner Annular Groove

2013 ◽  
Vol 420 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Peng Yun Song ◽  
Heng Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Spiral Groove ◽  
Dry Gas Seal ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Film Stiffness ◽  
The Given

In order to improve the performance of the spiral groove dry gas seal (S-DGS), the spiral groove dry gas seal with an inner annular groove (AS-DGS) was invented. Based on the narrow groove theory, the sealing performance parameters of the AS-DGS were gained by using approximate analytical method to solve the gas film pressure control equations, and the results were compared with those of the common S-DGS. The results show that, in the given operating conditions, the opening force of AS-DGS is smaller than that of the S-DGS with the difference less than 0.5%, and the film stiffness is larger than that of the common S-DGS with the difference less than 5% in the case of low-speed or high-pressure operation, but the leakage is a little larger.

scholarly journals The Impact of Upper Link Length on the Output Parameters of a Tractor Set

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-445
Author(s):  
Lukáš Renčín ◽  
Adam Polcar ◽  
František Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the article is to find out the impact of the increase in the force in the upper link of a three‑point hitch on the performance parameters of the tractor set Claas Arion and the carried plough Pöttinger equipped with a traction roller and the cultivator Väderstad. During aggregation of the tractor with the plough with an average increase in the force in the upper link of a three‑point hitch by 25 kN, a decrease of slippage in average by 8.25 %, a decrease in fuel consumption by 1.875 ml/m3 and an increase in effective performance by 0.225 m3/s were achieved. During aggregation of the same tractor with the carried cultivator with an increase in the force by 40 kN, an average decrease in slippage by 2.64 %, a decrease in effective fuel consumption by 2 l/ha and an increase in effective performance by 0.6 ha/h were achieved. The changes in the observed parameters were demonstrably influenced by the change in the force in the upper link, which was more significantly shown during the aggregation of the tractor with the plough equipped with a traction booster.

Quasi-Periodic Control Technique for Minimizing Fuel Consumption During Record Vehicle Competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Sulikowski ◽  
Ryszard Maronski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Aeronautical Engineering ◽  
The One ◽  
Optimal Driving ◽  
The Given ◽  
Engine Power

The problem of the optimal driving technique during the fuel economy competition is reconsidered. The vehicle is regarded as a particle moving on a trace with a variable slope angle. The fuel consumption is minimized as the vehicle covers the given distance in a given time. It is assumed that the run consists of two recurrent phases: acceleration with a full available engine power and coasting down with the engine turned off. The most fuel-efficient technique for shifting gears during acceleration is found. The decision variables are: the vehicle velocities at which the gears should be shifted, on the one hand, and the vehicle velocities when the engine should be turned on and off, on the other hand. For the data of students’ vehicle representing the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering it has been found that such driving strategy is more effective in comparison with a constant speed strategy with the engine partly throttled, as well as a strategy resulting from optimal control theory when the engine is still active.

scholarly journals Variety resistance of winter barley to powdery mildew in the field in 1976−2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Average Resistance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

The results of evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in winter barley varieties in 285 Czech Official Trials conducted at 20 locations were analysed. Over the period, the number of varieties tested per year increased from four to seven in 1976−1985 to 53−61 in 2002−2005. To assess the resistance of varieties, only trials with sufficient disease severity were used. In 1976−2000, six varieties (1.7% of the varieties tested in the given years) ranked among resistant (average resistance of a variety in a year > 7.5) including NR-468 possessing the gene <i>Mla13</i>, KM-2099 with <i>mlo</i> and Marinka with the genes <i>Mla7</i>, <i>MlaMu2</i>. In 2001−2005, already 33 varieties (16.9%) ranked among resistant, of which Traminer possessing the genes <i>Ml(St)</i> and <i>Ml(IM9 </i> dominated. The proportion of susceptible varieties (average resistance ≤ 5.5) did not change in the two mentioned periods. Two-rowed varieties began to be tested as late as in 1990 (the first variety was Danilo), however, no difference was found in the resistance of two- and six-rowed varieties. Using an example of two pairs of varieties (Dura-Miraj and Marinka-Tiffany) with identical genes for specific resistance but with different resistance in the field, the efficiency of non-specific resistance is discussed. The resistance of domestic and foreign varieties was similar in 1994−2000; however, in 2001−2005 the difference was 0.75 point to disadvantage of domestic ones.

scholarly journals Prognostic Assessment of the Performance Parameters for the Industrial Diesel Engines Operated with Microalgae Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6482
Author(s):  
Sergejus Lebedevas ◽  
Laurencas Raslavičius
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Smoke Opacity ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

A study conducted on the high-speed diesel engine (bore/stroke: 79.5/95.5 mm; 66 kW) running with microalgae oil (MAO100) and diesel fuel (D100) showed that, based on Wibe parameters (m and φz), the difference in numerical values of combustion characteristics was ~10% and, in turn, resulted in close energy efficiency indicators (ηi) for both fuels and the possibility to enhance the NOx-smoke opacity trade-off. A comparative analysis by mathematical modeling of energy and traction characteristics for the universal multi-purpose diesel engine CAT 3512B HB-SC (1200 kW, 1800 min−1) confirmed the earlier assumption: at the regimes of external speed characteristics, the difference in Pme and ηi for MAO100 and D100 did not exceeded 0.7–2.0% and 2–4%, respectively. With the refinement and development of the interim concept, the model led to the prognostic evaluation of the suitability of MAO100 as fuel for the FPT Industrial Cursor 13 engine (353 kW, 6-cylinders, common-rail) family. For the selected value of the indicated efficiency ηi = 0.48–0.49, two different combinations of φz and m parameters (φz = 60–70 degCA, m = 0.5 and φz = 60 degCA, m = 1) may be practically realized to achieve the desirable level of maximum combustion pressure Pmax = 130–150 bar (at α~2.0). When switching from diesel to MAO100, it is expected that the ηi will drop by 2–3%, however, an existing reserve in Pmax that comprises 5–7% will open up room for further optimization of energy efficiency and emission indicators.

scholarly journals Some remarks on the stability of the Cauchy equation and completeness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Fripertinger ◽  
Jens Schwaiger
Keyword(s):  
Normed Space ◽  
Additive Function ◽  
Functional Equations ◽  
Constant Function ◽  
Cauchy Equation ◽  
Cauchy Difference ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given

AbstractIt was proved in Forti and Schwaiger (C R Math Acad Sci Soc R Can 11(6):215–220, 1989), Schwaiger (Aequ Math 35:120–121, 1988) and with different methods in Schwaiger (Developments in functional equations and related topics. Selected papers based on the presentations at the 16th international conference on functional equations and inequalities, ICFEI, Bȩdlewo, Poland, May 17–23, 2015, Springer, Cham, pp 275–295, 2017) that under the assumption that every function defined on suitable abelian semigroups with values in a normed space such that the norm of its Cauchy difference is bounded by a constant (function) is close to some additive function, i.e., the norm of the difference between the given function and that additive function is also bounded by a constant, the normed space must necessarily be complete. By Schwaiger (Ann Math Sil 34:151–163, 2020) this is also true in the non-archimedean case. Here we discuss the situation when the bound is a suitable non-constant function.

Confidence intervals for a difference between lognormal means in cluster randomization trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Poirier ◽  
GY Zou ◽  
John Koval
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cluster Randomization ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Cluster randomization trials, in which intact social units are randomized to different interventions, have become popular in the last 25 years. Outcomes from these trials in many cases are positively skewed, following approximately lognormal distributions. When inference is focused on the difference between treatment arm arithmetic means, existent confidence interval procedures either make restricting assumptions or are complex to implement. We approach this problem by assuming log-transformed outcomes from each treatment arm follow a one-way random effects model. The treatment arm means are functions of multiple parameters for which separate confidence intervals are readily available, suggesting that the method of variance estimates recovery may be applied to obtain closed-form confidence intervals. A simulation study showed that this simple approach performs well in small sample sizes in terms of empirical coverage, relatively balanced tail errors, and interval widths as compared to existing methods. The methods are illustrated using data arising from a cluster randomization trial investigating a critical pathway for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia.

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