Globalization Under and After Socialism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besnik Pula
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
International Market ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Institutional Adjustment ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis

Today, by a number of measures, the ex-socialist economies of Central and Eastern Europe are among the most globalized in the world. This book argues that the origins of Central and Eastern Europe’s heavily transnationalized economies should be sought in their socialist past and the efforts of reformers in the 1970s and 1980s to expand ties between domestic industry and transnational corporations (TNCs). The book’s comparative-historical analysis examines the trajectories of six socialist and postsocialist economies, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The second part of the book focuses on the region’s deepening specialization in the 2000s as a TNC-dominated transnational manufacturing hub. It identifies three international market roles that the region’s state came to occupy in the transformation: assembly platform, intermediate producer, and combined. It explains divergence within the region through the comparative analysis of the politics of institutional adjustment after socialism.

The Marxian Materialist Interpretation of History and Comparative Sociology

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Rezaev ◽  
Dmitrii M. Zhikharevich ◽  
Pavel P. Lisitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Comparative Sociology ◽  
Quantitative Variable ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Materialist Interpretation ◽  
Mode Of Production

The paper argues that a materialistic understanding of history as Marx’s sociological research program has effectively been implemented in the comparative analysis of bourgeois societies. Both qualitative/case-oriented and quantitative/variable-oriented strategies of comparison were employed by Marx in his scholarship. The authors see the crucial dimension of the classical status of Marx in his engagement with historical comparisons – an analytical tendency he shares with Weber and, to some extent, Durkheim. A short historical exposition tracing the early reception of Marx in sociology continues with the most important contemporary criticisms of Marx’s comparative-historical analysis, focusing on the issues of Asiatic mode of production, the nature of European feudalism and the problem of capitalist rationality.

Critical Junctures and the Politics of Institutional Adjustment

2018 ◽  
pp. 168-193
Author(s):  
Besnik Pula
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
International Market ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Institutional Adjustment ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
European Economies

This chapter demonstrates how political factors determined the path of postsocialist development and international market specialization in the 2000s. International market roles of individual economies built upon the cumulative advantages in transnational production Central and Eastern European economies gained during their socialist experience, but it was the political challenge of turning cumulative advantage into a sustained comparative institutional advantage that brought important gains in the capital, technological and skill base of the economy that concerned the politics of reform in the 1990s and 2000s. It was here that the interplay between industrial restructuring and reform of other institutions of the political economy came to matter. The chapter examines these policy patterns to show the divergent specialization of Hungary and Slovakia into an assembly platform, Czech Republic and Slovenia into an intermediate producer, and Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania into combined roles.

scholarly journals EMIGRATION OF THE MOUNTAINEERS OF THE EASTERN CAUCASUS TO TURKEY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Madina Izamutdinovna ABDULAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
The North ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of migration processes in the Eastern Caucasus, namely, the resettlement of the Caucasian mountaineers to Turkey in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. Identification of causal mechanisms that resulted in resettlement of various peoples of the North Caucasus, as well as the use of comparative historical analysis, allows a broader and more productive look at the debatable issues of migration processes. The author comes to conclusion that in the presence of common factors of emigration, the prevalence of some or other reasons in a specific historical situation in combination with local peculiarities gave rise to various forms of the resettlement process and influenced the number of migrants.

Czech Bluegrass

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Bidgood
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Market ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Learning Barriers ◽  
The World ◽  
Bluegrass Music ◽  
Work Abroad

Bluegrass music has taken root all over the world but thrives in unique ways in the Czech Republic. Ethnomusicologist and bluegrass musician Lee Bidgood writes about what it is like to live and work playing bluegrass in the heart of Europe. The chapters trace Bidgood's engagement with Czech bluegrassers, their processes of learning, barriers to understanding, and the joys and successes that they find in making bluegrass their own. After providing a general cultural and historical background, a set of case studies convey ethnographic detail from Bidgood's participatory observational research: with a Czech band as they work abroad in Europe; with banjo makers seeking an international market; with fiddlers wrestling with technical, social, and aesthetic hurdles; with a non-Christian seeking to truthfully sing gospel songs. Bidgood's analysis of songs, sounds, places, and speech provide insights into how Czech bluegrassers negotiate the Americanness and Czechness of their musical projects. This study poses bluegrass not as a restrictive set of repertoire or techniques, but as a form of sociality, a discourse with local and global resonances—and in its Czech form it is clearly a practice of in-betweenness that defies categorization, challenging narratives that limit music to a certain time, place, or people. Includes orientation notes on language, and a glossary of Czech terms.

American Media Exceptionalism and the Public Option

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-163
Author(s):  
Victor Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
News Media ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
General Survey ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media System ◽  
Public Media ◽  
System P ◽  
The World ◽  
American Media

Chapter 5 makes the case that a publicly subsidized news media system is journalism’s last best hope. It shows that when compared with that of other countries, US media is exceptional in being dominated by a handful of corporations, only lightly regulated, and primarily commercial. As well as tracing the historical roots of this “US media exceptionalism,” the chapter provides a historical analysis of US public media. It then gives a comparative analysis showing how little money Americans devote toward their public media system and a general survey of press subsidies around the world. The chapter concludes with some suggestions on how to construct a viable US public media system.

The Comparative Historical Analysis of Education Systems in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan (1990–2000)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vaculík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Executive Authority ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis

The objective of the article is to examine patterns of similarities and differences across educational reforms in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan in post-socialist context. The study conducted a comparative-historical analysis of the development of education systems in Kazakhstan and the Czech Republic in the 1990s when there was a transition of these countries from the socialist to the capitalist regime. The comparative historical analysis of the educational reforms of these two countries identified a number of similar patterns and considerable differences in the development of their education systems due to many contextual and structural factors and historical prerequisites. The comparative analysis demonstrated that both in the educational systems of the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan democratization, humanization and differentiation were taken as main principles of the reforms, but these processes developed in different levels and directions. As a result, it was stated that both the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan intended to democratize educational systems in the post-socialist context. While the Czech Republic tended to decentralize and diversify the school system, delegating the practical implementation of educational policies to various organizations and lobbying groups, however, Kazakhstan maintains a highly centralized system from top to bottom, which leaves little administrative, financial, managerial, executive authority for the low structures of the state apparatus and the public, which limits the system to strict planning and standards.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of some Bangladeshi detergents

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
MS Rana ◽  
A Sarkar ◽  
T Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
The World

Laundry detergents are widely used in domestic, industry and other sectors everyday all over the world. It consists of different chemical components; surfactants, phosphate, builders, bleaches, optical brighteners, anti-redepositing agents, enzyme, perfume and color. Among these ingredients, surfactants and phosphate are considered as hazardous materials. With this view, composition, critical micelle concentration, and dissolved oxygen (DO) level in aqueous solution of some laundry detergents available in Bangladesh such as Chaka, Keya, Rin, Jet and Smart were determined and try to analyzed the chemical contribution of laundry detergents to pollute the environment. For Smart and Rin, the surfactant and phosphate amount were maximum, while it was minimum in Chaka and Jet respectively. The DO level was minimum in Smart and maximum in Jet. The results indicated that Jet is the effective laundry detergent in both cleaning and environmental aspect.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 321-324, 2017

scholarly journals The History of the Development of Education in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan (1990-1999): A Comparative Historical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Y. Vatsulik ◽  
◽  
A.B. Satanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Executive Authority ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis

The objective of the article is to examine patterns of similarities and differences across educational reforms in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan in post-socialist context. The study conducted a comparativehistorical analysis of the development of education systems in Kazakhstan and the Czech Republic in the 1990s when there was a transition of these countries from the socialist to the capitalist regime. The comparative historical analysis of the educational reforms of these two countries identified a number of similar patterns and considerable differences in the development of their education systems due to many contextual and structural factors and historical prerequisites. The comparative analysis demonstrated that both in the educational systems of the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan democratization, humanization and differentiation were taken as main principles of the reforms, but these processes developed in the different level and directions. As a result, it was stated that both the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan intended to democratize educational systems in post-socialist context. While the Czech Republic tended to decentralize and diversify the school system, delegating the practical implementation of educational policies to various organizations and lobbying groups, however, Kazakhstan maintains a highly centralized system from top to bottom, which leaves little administrative, financial, managerial, executive authority for the low structures of the state apparatus and the public, which limits the system to strict planning and standards.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Financing for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Visegrad Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 06041
Author(s):  
Veronika Vrablova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Visegrad Group

Research background: Small and medium-sized enterprises form the backbone of any national economy. Therefore, sources of financing are important for the enterprise´s growth around the world. Finance for enterprises can be divided into classic and alternative. Recently, alternative ways of financing experienced a boom, especially venture capital, business angels, and crowdfunding. Although this type of funding is well known around the world, there are difficulties in using alternative financing among the Visegrad group. Moreover, there are lots of other factors curbing the expansion of enterprises. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare sources of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises among the Visegrad group with focus on alternative financing. Visegrad group consists of the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, the Hungary, and the Poland. This paper presents an overview of available financing for small and medium-sized enterprises among the Visegrad group. Methods: For analysis, we used data from the the Survey on the access to finance for enterprises in 2019. Moreover, we also did hypothesis testing to compare the usage of financing through bank overdraft in the year 2019. Findings & Value added: We have reached several conclusions. Firstly, this paper suggests that classic sources of financing are used more than alternative ways, from which the bank loans and leasing are used the most. Secondly, the best condition of financing among countries of the Visegrad group is in Poland, but also other countries have huge potential. And finally, financing of enterprises is not the main issue causing difficulties in making business.

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