Biomass Externally Fired Gas Turbine Cogeneration

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eidensten ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
G. Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
In Series ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

This paper is a presentation of a systematic study on externally fired gas turbine cogeneration fueled by biomass. The gas turbine is coupled in series with a biomass combustion furnace in which the gas turbine exhaust is used to support combustion. Three cogeneration systems have been simulated. They are systems without a gas turbine, with a non-top-fired gas turbine, and a top-fired gas turbine. For all systems, three types of combustion equipment have been selected: circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, grate fired steam boiler, and grate fired hot water boiler. The sizes of biomass furnaces have been chosen as 20 MW and 100 MW fuel inputs. The total efficiencies based on electricity plus process heat, electrical efficiencies, and the power-to-heat ratios for various alternatives have been calculated. For each of the cogeneration systems, part-load performance with varying biomass fuel input is presented. Systems with CFB boilers have a higher total efficiency and electrical efficiency than other systems when a top-fired gas turbine is added. However, the systems with grate fired steam boilers allow higher combustion temperature in the furnace than CFB boilers do. Therefore, a top combustor may not be needed when high temperature is already available. Only one low-grade fuel system is then needed and the gas turbine can operate with a very clean working medium.

scholarly journals Biomass Externally Fired Gas Turbine Cogeneration

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Eidensten ◽  
Jinyue Yan ◽  
Gunnar Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
In Series ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

This paper is a presentation of systematic study on externally fired gas turbine cogeneration fueled by biomass. The gas turbine is coupled in series with a biomass combustion furnace in which the gas turbine exhaust is used to support combustion. Three cogeneration systems have been simulated. They are systems without a gas turbine, with a non top-fired gas turbine, and a top-fired gas turbine. For all systems, three types of combustion equipment have been selected: circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, grate fired steam boiler and grate fired hot water boiler. The sizes of biomass furnaces have been chosen 20 MW and 100 MW fuel inputs. The total efficiencies based on electricity plus process heat, electrical efficiencies, and the power-to-heat ratios for various alternatives have been calculated. For each of the cogeneration systems, part load performance with varying biomass fuel input is presented. Systems with CFB boilers have a higher total efficiency and electrical efficiency than other systems when a top-fired gas turbine is added. However, the systems with grate fired steam boilers allow higher combustion temperature in the furnace than CFB boilers do. Therefore, a top combustor may not be needed when high temperature is already available. Only one low grade fuel system is then needed and the gas turbine can operate with very clean working medium.

User Experience With P&W FT8 and GE Frame 6 Cogeneration Power Plants

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Holzschuh ◽  
Miroslav Kovacik
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Independent Unit ◽  
Steam Boilers

In 1996, Cogeneration-Kraftwerke Management Steiermark (CMST), OMV Cogeneration, together with local partners, built a 25Mwel gas turbine plant with a hot water boiler for thermal energy to be used by a car manufacturer and the municipality Graz, Austria. The plant is driven by a FT8-30 (JT8D-219) Pratt & Whitney (P&W) jet engine, accumulating 8200 operating hours per annum. This paper outlines the technical experience and related problems with the existing equipment in the light of variable operating conditions and the investments for efficiency augmentation of the gas turbine trains. A joint-venture between Cogeneration Kraftwerke Management Obero¨sterreich GmbH (CMOO¨) and OMV Cogeneration GmbH as well as Energie AG. CMOO¨ has operated the Combined Heat Power CHP Plant (50 MW el) in the paper mill SCA GRAPHIC LAAKIRCHEN based on contracting since 1994. Because of a extension of the paper mill the energy supply had to be increased. So the delivery of two steam boilers with each 30 t steam per hour and water treatment took place in August 2001. The plant-extension will operate as an independent unit and will guarantee the full availability of the energy supply. Commercial operation will start in January 2002.

Energy Flow of Advanced IGCC With CO2 Capture Option

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Kawabata ◽  
Norihiko Iki ◽  
Osamu Kurata ◽  
Atsushi Tsutsumi ◽  
Eiichi Koda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Conventional IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) employs a cascaded energy flow with a high efficiency, yet it is difficult to achieve over 50% HHV (higher heating value). The current study proposes an alternative model of exergy recuperated Advanced IGCC (A-IGCC) to achieve higher plant efficiency by applying an autothermal reaction in the gasifier. This requires an additional heat supply from the gas turbine exhaust and the steam extracted from the steam turbine. System and performance analyses were studied on base IGCC and A-IGCC cases incorporating the heat (exergy) recuperation concept with an air-blown twin circulating fluidized bed gasifier for the gasification of sub-bituminous coal, both with and without the post combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture option. A-IGCC could deliver sufficient energy in the gasifier to the gas turbine without losing heat as resulted in IGCC. Chemical absorption methods using monoethanolamine (MEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) were selected as a CO2 absorbent. A-IGCC demonstrated a significantly higher system efficiency (51%) than IGCC (43%) without CO2 separation, provided the gas purification was at high temperature. The thermal efficiency penalty by CO2 capture was −8% using MDEA (56% absorption) and −11% using MEA (90% absorption).

Improving the Performance of a Bent Ejector With Inlet Swirl

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Maqsood ◽  
A. M. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Primary Flow ◽  
Inlet Swirl ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Systems

Ejectors are commonly employed in gas turbine exhaust systems for reasons such as space ventilation and IR suppression. Ejectors may incorporate bends in the geometry for various reasons. Studies have shown that the bend has a deteriorating effect on the performance of an ejector. This work was aimed to investigate the effect of exhaust gas swirl on improving the performance of a bent ejector. Four short oblong ejectors with different degrees of bend in the mixing tube and four swirl conditions were tested in this study. The primary nozzle, in all cases, was composed of a circular to oblong transition. Testing was performed at ambient and hot primary flow with 0deg, 10deg, 20deg, and 30deg swirl angles. It was observed that the swirl had a strong affect on the performance of a bent ejector. Improvement of up to 55%, 96%, and 180% was obtained in the pumping ratio, pressure rise, and total efficiency, respectively, with a 20deg swirl in the exhaust gas.

Improving the Performance of a Bent Ejector With Inlet Swirl

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Maqsood ◽  
A. M. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Primary Flow ◽  
Inlet Swirl ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Systems

Ejectors are commonly employed in gas turbine exhaust systems for reasons such as space ventilation and IR suppression. Ejectors may incorporate bends in the geometry for various reasons. Studies have shown that the bend has a deteriorating effect on the performance of an ejector. This work was aimed to investigate the effect of exhaust gas swirl on improving the performance of a bent ejector. Four short oblong ejectors with different degrees of bend in the mixing tube and four swirl conditions were tested in this study. The primary nozzle, in all the cases, was composed of a circular to oblong transition. Testing was performed at ambient and hot primary flow with 0, 10, 20 and 30° swirl angles. It was observed that the swirl had a strong affect on the performance of a bent ejector. Improvement of up to 55, 96 and 180% was obtained in the pumping ratio, pressure rise and total efficiency respectively with a 20° swirl in the exhaust gas.

scholarly journals Exergy Analysis of Biomass-Fired Cogeneration Plant in a Pulp and Paper Mill

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sofi E. Näsholm ◽  
Gunnar Svedberg ◽  
Mats O. J. Westermark
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Cogeneration Plant

Second Law analysis or exergy analysis is a useful instrument to find ways to improve the efficiency of energy utilization. The method presents the magnitude and locations of true energy losses in an energy system. The pulp and paper industries have a big potential for increasing the energy efficiencies. An integration of a gas turbine with an existing steam turbine plant is one possible way to increase the energy efficiency and the power production. The cogeneration plant analysed in this paper is a hybrid combined plant in which two types of fuels are used. The exhaust gas from a combined cycle gas turbine via a waste heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is used as preheated combustion air in a supplementary fired steam boiler. Saturated steam from the HRSG is assumed to be superheated in a boiler in which sludge, bark and other types of biomass are being used as fuels. To reduce the waste of energy, a flue gas driven fuel dryer is connected to evaporate some of the moisture in these biomass fuels. The study shows the effect of using a combined cycle instead of a simple steam cycle and the effect of using a fuel dryer. Among the configurations investigated, a plant with both a gas turbine and a fuel dryer yields the highest exergy efficiency and total efficiency. However, the net power efficiency is higher for a plant without a fuel dryer than for one with a fuel dryer.

scholarly journals A Coal Fired Gas Turbine Using an Air Cooled Fluidized Bed Combustor

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moskowitz ◽  
J. Mullen ◽  
S. Vanderlinden
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Tube Assembly ◽  
Selection Of

A gas turbine cogeneration system using a coal fired atmospheric fluid bed (AFB) combustor represents an environmentally clean and less costly alternative to the oil or gas fired electric power generators, process steam boilers and process heaters that are necessary for the operations of both small and large industrial energy users. This paper describes a cogeneration system which uses an air-to-gas heat exchanger tube assembly immersed in an AFB combustor to indirectly heat the compressor airflow from a gas turbine. This AFB combustor replaces the conventional direct fired oil or gas combustor. The flue gas from the AFB is used to produce steam and the waste energy from the gas turbine exhaust is used to provide additional steam or clean hot process air. By appropriate selection of components, AFB cogeneration systems can provide electrical-to-thermal ratios of 30 to 150 kilowatts per 1000 pounds of steam for a range of applications. The paper presents the key design features of this type of system. The selection of materials and mechanical configurations are presented. The status of the technology and the R&D supporting test results are discussed. Cogeneration applications are discussed.

Performance Entitlement of Supercritical Steam Bottoming Cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

A supercritical steam bottoming cycle has been proposed as a performance enhancement option for gas turbine combined cycle power plants. The technology has been widely used in coal-fired steam turbine power plants since the 1950s and can be considered a mature technology. Its application to the gas-fired combined cycle systems presents unique design challenges due to the much lower gas temperatures (i.e., 650 °C at the gas turbine exhaust vis-à-vis 2000 °C in fossil fuel-fired steam boilers). Thus, the potential impact of the supercritical steam conditions is hampered to the point of economic infeasibility. This technical brief draws upon the second-law based exergy concept to rigorously quantify the performance entitlement of a supercritical high-pressure boiler section in a heat recovery steam generator utilizing the exhaust of a gas turbine to generate steam for power generation in a steam turbine.

scholarly journals Investigation of Ash Deposition Dynamic Process in an Industrial Biomass CFB Boiler Burning High-Alkali and Low-Chlorine Fuel

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1092
Author(s):  
Hengli Zhang ◽  
Chunjiang Yu ◽  
Zhongyang Luo ◽  
Yu’an Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Cfb Boiler ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Ash Deposit ◽  
High Alkali

The circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is a mainstream technology of biomass combustion generation in China. The high flue gas flow rate and relatively low combustion temperature of CFB make the deposition process different from that of a grate furnace. The dynamic deposition process of biomass ash needs further research, especially in industrial CFB boilers. In this study, a temperature-controlled ash deposit probe was used to sample the deposits in a 12 MW CFB boiler. Through the analysis of multiple deposit samples with different deposition times, the changes in micromorphology and chemical composition of the deposits in each deposition stage can be observed more distinctively. The initial deposits mainly consist of particles smaller than 2 μm, caused by thermophoretic deposition. The second stage is the condensation of alkali metal. Different from the condensation of KCl reported by most previous literatures, KOH is found in deposits in place of KCl. Then, it reacts with SO2, O2 and H2O to form K2SO4. In the third stage, the higher outer layer temperature of deposits reduces the condensation rate of KOH significantly. Meanwhile, the rougher surface of deposits allowed more calcium salts in fly ash to deposit through inertial impact. Thus, the elemental composition of deposits surface shows an overall trend of K decreasing and Ca increasing.

Dynamic Simulation of a HRSG System for a Given Start-Up/Shut Down Curve

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hun Cha ◽  
Yoo Seok Song ◽  
Kyu Jong Kim ◽  
Jung Rae Kim ◽  
Sung Min KIM
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Fuel Flow Rate ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Main Steam ◽  
Duct Burner

An inappropriate design of HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) may lead to mechanical problems including the fatigue failure caused by rapid load change such as operating trip, start-up or shut down. The performance of HRSG with dynamic analysis should be investigated in case of start-up or shutdown. In this study, dynamic analysis for the HRSG system was carried out by commercial software. The HRSG system was modeled with HP, IP, LP evaporator, duct burner, superheater, reheater and economizer. The main variables for the analysis were the temperature and mass flow rate from gas turbine and fuel flow rate of duct burner for given start-up (cold/warm/hot) and shutdown curve. The results showed that the exhaust gas condition of gas turbine and fuel flow rate of duct burner were main factors controlling the performance of HRSG such as flow rate and temperature of main steam from final superheater and pressure of HP drum. The time delay at the change of steam temperature between gas turbine exhaust gas and HP steam was within 2 minutes at any analysis cases.

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