scholarly journals A Coal Fired Gas Turbine Using an Air Cooled Fluidized Bed Combustor

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moskowitz ◽  
J. Mullen ◽  
S. Vanderlinden
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Tube Assembly ◽  
Selection Of

A gas turbine cogeneration system using a coal fired atmospheric fluid bed (AFB) combustor represents an environmentally clean and less costly alternative to the oil or gas fired electric power generators, process steam boilers and process heaters that are necessary for the operations of both small and large industrial energy users. This paper describes a cogeneration system which uses an air-to-gas heat exchanger tube assembly immersed in an AFB combustor to indirectly heat the compressor airflow from a gas turbine. This AFB combustor replaces the conventional direct fired oil or gas combustor. The flue gas from the AFB is used to produce steam and the waste energy from the gas turbine exhaust is used to provide additional steam or clean hot process air. By appropriate selection of components, AFB cogeneration systems can provide electrical-to-thermal ratios of 30 to 150 kilowatts per 1000 pounds of steam for a range of applications. The paper presents the key design features of this type of system. The selection of materials and mechanical configurations are presented. The status of the technology and the R&D supporting test results are discussed. Cogeneration applications are discussed.

A Parametric Analysis for Optimal Selection of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sarabchi ◽  
A. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Selection Of

Cogeneration is a simultaneous production of heat and electricity in a single plant using the same primary energy. Usage of a cogeneration system leads to fuel energy saving as well as air pollution reduction. A gas turbine cogeneration plant (GTCP) has found many applications in industries and institutions. Although fuel cost is usually reduced in a cogeneration system but the selection of a system for a given site optimally involves detailed thermodynamic and economical investigations. In this paper the performance of a GTCP was investigated and an approach was developed to determine the optimum size of the plant to meet the electricity and heat demands of a given site. A computer code, based on this approach, was developed and it can also be used to examine the effect of key parameters like pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, utilization period, and fuel cost on the economics of GTCP.

Single Process Plant Application of a Gas Turbine Generator With Recovery Boiler

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

This paper consists of the application considerations given for the selection of on-site power generation using a gas turbine with a recovery boiler in the process chemical industry. The additional use of 400 psig steam from recovery heat of the gas turbine exhaust used for process steam is evaluated. The techniques used for engineering, construction, training, and start-up are discussed. The performance of the unit after 30,000 operating hours, including reliability and a discussion of equipment problems, is included.

Paper 34: Lubrication in a Marine Environment

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 520-546
Author(s):  
H. F. King ◽  
N. Glassman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Research And Design ◽  
Selection Of

The lubrication of machinery in a marine environment is not without challenges for researchers, designers and operators. These challenges stem in navy ships from the presence of salt water and salt-bearing air in contact with machinery already designed to the outside limits of high output and light weight. Thus, to users of machinery in a marine environment, the mastery over sea water is directly related to machinery reliability, maintainability and capability. For a machinery user such as a navy there are some additional lubrication problems caused by the need to conserve space in machinery design and the need to proceed quietly. This paper will be concerned with five machinery lubrication problems arising from the marine environment. They may be considered typical of and peculiar to that environment. They are timely because their solutions must be shared in by those in research and design as well as by the machinery operators. The cases are as follows: (a) The protection of vapour spaces in operating turbines by volatile rust-inhibiting chemicals in the lubricating oil. (b) The operation of petroleum oil hydraulic systems in the presence of sea-water intrusion. (c) The selection of lubricating greases for quiet ball bearings. (d) The development of a lubricant for a ‘marinized’ aviation gas turbine. (e) The lubrication of diesel engines of such weight-to-output ratio as to be competitive with steam and gas turbine propulsion. Each case will be presented by reviewing the background of the problems, the approaches considered in their solutions, the status of the solutions and expected future developments.

Biomass Externally Fired Gas Turbine Cogeneration

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eidensten ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
G. Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
In Series ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

This paper is a presentation of a systematic study on externally fired gas turbine cogeneration fueled by biomass. The gas turbine is coupled in series with a biomass combustion furnace in which the gas turbine exhaust is used to support combustion. Three cogeneration systems have been simulated. They are systems without a gas turbine, with a non-top-fired gas turbine, and a top-fired gas turbine. For all systems, three types of combustion equipment have been selected: circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, grate fired steam boiler, and grate fired hot water boiler. The sizes of biomass furnaces have been chosen as 20 MW and 100 MW fuel inputs. The total efficiencies based on electricity plus process heat, electrical efficiencies, and the power-to-heat ratios for various alternatives have been calculated. For each of the cogeneration systems, part-load performance with varying biomass fuel input is presented. Systems with CFB boilers have a higher total efficiency and electrical efficiency than other systems when a top-fired gas turbine is added. However, the systems with grate fired steam boilers allow higher combustion temperature in the furnace than CFB boilers do. Therefore, a top combustor may not be needed when high temperature is already available. Only one low-grade fuel system is then needed and the gas turbine can operate with a very clean working medium.

scholarly journals Biomass Externally Fired Gas Turbine Cogeneration

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Eidensten ◽  
Jinyue Yan ◽  
Gunnar Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
In Series ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

This paper is a presentation of systematic study on externally fired gas turbine cogeneration fueled by biomass. The gas turbine is coupled in series with a biomass combustion furnace in which the gas turbine exhaust is used to support combustion. Three cogeneration systems have been simulated. They are systems without a gas turbine, with a non top-fired gas turbine, and a top-fired gas turbine. For all systems, three types of combustion equipment have been selected: circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, grate fired steam boiler and grate fired hot water boiler. The sizes of biomass furnaces have been chosen 20 MW and 100 MW fuel inputs. The total efficiencies based on electricity plus process heat, electrical efficiencies, and the power-to-heat ratios for various alternatives have been calculated. For each of the cogeneration systems, part load performance with varying biomass fuel input is presented. Systems with CFB boilers have a higher total efficiency and electrical efficiency than other systems when a top-fired gas turbine is added. However, the systems with grate fired steam boilers allow higher combustion temperature in the furnace than CFB boilers do. Therefore, a top combustor may not be needed when high temperature is already available. Only one low grade fuel system is then needed and the gas turbine can operate with very clean working medium.

scholarly journals Design and Operating Experiences With Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Units

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Jones ◽  
A. C. Shoults
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

This paper presents details of three large gas turbine installations in the Freeport, Texas, power plants of the Dow Chemical Company. The general plant layout, integration of useful outputs, economic factors leading to the selection of these units, and experiences during startup and operation will be reviewed. All three units operate with supercharging fan, evaporative cooler, and static excitation. Two of the installations are nearly identical 32,000-kw gas turbines operating in a combined cycle with a supplementary fired 1,500,000-lb/hr boiler and a 50,000-kw noncondensing steam turbine. The other installation is a 43,000-kw gas turbine and a 20,000-kw starter-helper steam turbine on the same shaft. The gas turbine exhaust is used to supply heated feedwater for four existing boilers.

Aerodynamic Design and Experimental Study of Marine Gas Turbine Exhaust Volutes

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xingsu ◽  
Pan Kunyuan ◽  
Wu Zuomin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Annular Diffuser ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The aerodynamic characteristics of the exhaust system have an important bearing on the economic aspects of the marine gas turbine. The exhaust volute is an important component of the exhaust system. The design of turbine exhaust volutes must take into account the structural demands of the gas turbine, the layout of the exhaust system as a whole in the engine room and the hull as well as its overall dimension requirements. This paper discusses the design principles of exhaust volutes. Given the hub-tip ratio dl/D1 of turbine exit (volute entry), a method is developed to rationally select the axial length L and radial width B. The selection of an annular diffuser and the relevant parameters along with the coordination of diffuser and collector are analyzed. On the basis of an analysis of experimental data the basic design criteria of exhaust volutes are proposed.

scholarly journals Fuel Profitability and the Design of Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Ondryas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Engineering Effort ◽  
Equipment Sizing ◽  
System Layout ◽  
Cogeneration Cycle ◽  
Selection Of

This paper describes the engineering effort involved in the selection of the topping cogeneration cycle for an industrial cogeneration plant. Fuel profitability of a cogeneration plant is defined and analyzed, and used as a tool for the selection of the cogeneration cycle. The conceptual design of a gas turbine cogeneration plant is described, which includes selection of a gas turbine generator and other major plant components, equipment sizing and the typical control system layout. The paper provides tools to the industrial plant manager/engineer for the selection of the most profitable alternative of the cogeneration system.

Economic Selection of Plant Cycles and Fuels for Gas Turbines

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Wilson ◽  
W. J. Hefner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Economic Selection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Energy costs can be reduced in most large process plants by the use of turbines to supply power and heat. Performance characteristics of gas turbines, gas turbine exhaust heat boilers and combined gas-steam turbine cycles, plus the typical heat balance diagrams included in this paper will help the reader visualize economic applications for turbines in different industrial plants. The effect different fuels have on gas turbine maintenance (costs and downtime) and other application parameters are included. The information provided will permit the user to assess his own situation and then select the most economic fuel for a specific gas turbine application.

Performance Entitlement of Supercritical Steam Bottoming Cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

A supercritical steam bottoming cycle has been proposed as a performance enhancement option for gas turbine combined cycle power plants. The technology has been widely used in coal-fired steam turbine power plants since the 1950s and can be considered a mature technology. Its application to the gas-fired combined cycle systems presents unique design challenges due to the much lower gas temperatures (i.e., 650 °C at the gas turbine exhaust vis-à-vis 2000 °C in fossil fuel-fired steam boilers). Thus, the potential impact of the supercritical steam conditions is hampered to the point of economic infeasibility. This technical brief draws upon the second-law based exergy concept to rigorously quantify the performance entitlement of a supercritical high-pressure boiler section in a heat recovery steam generator utilizing the exhaust of a gas turbine to generate steam for power generation in a steam turbine.

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