A Determination of Contact-Loss at a Bearing of a Linkage Mechanism

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. S. Wu ◽  
S. W. E. Earles
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
Design Point ◽  
The Impact

A method is described for analyzing the kinematic and dynamic response of a linkage mechanism in which one bearing has a known clearance. Assuming the clearance to be represented by a massless link, the analysis predicts the occurrence of contact-loss. Part of an extensive experimental investigation is presented in which the impact accelerations resulting from contact-loss are measured. A good correlation is shown to exist between the predicted and measured times of contact-loss. Although the analysis may predict no contact-loss, it does not readily indicate, from a design point of view, how this condition could be produced.

Atorvastatin: A Review of Analytical Methods for Pharmaceutical Quality Control and Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-809
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Kogawa ◽  
Ana Elisa Della Torre Pires ◽  
Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Pharmaceutical Samples ◽  
Pharmaceutical Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Atorvastatin, a lipid-regulating drug, was the best-selling drug in the world in the early 2000s. Thus, monitoring of this drug is important because it is accessible to a large portion of the population. In addition, its quality control is fundamental to provide quality medicines. Method of analysis can be the first step in the rational use of pharmaceuticals. Objective/Methods: In this context, a critical review of analytical methods present in the literature and official compendia for the pharmaceutical quality control of atorvastatin was made. Results: Among the analytical methods most used in the evaluation of atorvastatin, HPLC is highlighted, followed by HPLC coupled to MS, and spectrophotometry in UV. Tablets are the most studied pharmaceutical samples, and plasma is the most studied biological matrix. In the literature, studies with atorvastatin-based pharmaceutical products are more common than biological materials. Acetonitrile is the organic solvent most commonly used in the methods surveyed to evaluate atorvastatin. Conclusions: Currently, awareness of the impact that the analytical choice has on the health of the operator and the environment is growing. Therefore, the suitability of existing methods for the determination of atorvastatin can be made to adhere to the current analytical chemistry. In this way, the analytical, environmental, and human consciousness will remain united. Highlights: Although the literature shows interesting methods from an economic and environmental point of view, such as UV, Vis miniaturized, and TLC, they can still be improved to meet the requirements of the current sustainable analytical chemistry.

Identification and Analysis of Residual Stresses in the Axisymmetric Workpiece Existing before and after Machining

2016 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Otko ◽  
Wojciech Zębala
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Plastic Processing ◽  
Machining Allowance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Semi-manufactured parts dedicated for precise machining often have internal stresses which have remained after previous cutting and plastic processing. These stresses reside in a fixed state of balance over the entire volume of the workpiece. Removal of the machining allowance is associated with a change in the state of balance and deformation of the workpiece, which affect its dimensional and shape accuracy. The study, involving non-stress removal of precisely defined volume of the machining allowance and determination of the impact of this treatment on the deformation of the workpiece surface is presented. It is important from the point of view of dimensional tolerance of the axially symmetrical workpiece, finally processed by turning.

Study of essential and toxic elements content in medicinal herbs harvested in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 6055-6060
Author(s):  
Pawel Konieczynski ◽  
Roman Lysiuk ◽  
Marlena Kopistecka ◽  
Marek Wesolowski
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
European Union Commission ◽  
Elemental Contents ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Medicinal plants can origin both from their cultivation, and from collection in natural locations, therefore investigation of their chemical composition is indispensable for assuring the appropriate quality. Thus, the aim of the studies was evaluation of medicinal plants collected in natural locations in Ukraine in the light of their elemental contents, taking into consideration both essential elements - P, Cu, Zn, Fe, and toxic – Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni. Methods: The microwave-assisted digestion was applied for preparation of the samples prior to analysis of plant samples to quantitative determination of investigated elements by the flame technique of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: The results of studies show that there is a large differentiation of medicinal herbs originating from Ukraine from the point of view of their elemental contents. In many cases, e.g. birch leaves, the impact of botanical plant species on the level of elements was crucial. Hence, the loadings of principal components confirmed that the highest influence on the differentiation of studied plant samples had the concentrations of Cr, Zn, Cd and Fe. The impact of a place of growth on the level of selected elements such as Cd and Fe in St John’s wort was noticed, too. The analysis of toxic metals concentration in all studied plant samples has also shown that Pb and Cd level didn’t exceed the norms established by the European Union Commission in 2006. Conclusion: It is recommended to monitor heavy metals concentrations in medicinal herbs originating from Ukraine available in the European pharmaceutical market.

Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems With Clearances—Part 2: Dynamic Response

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dubowsky ◽  
F. Freudenstein
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
The Impact

The theory developed in Part I has been applied to the determination of the dynamic response of the Impact Pair under various operating conditions. Simulation techniques, as well as approximate methods used in control theory, have been used for this purpose.

scholarly journals Planning the development of spatial management and transport system of a city from the point of view of environmental impact

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 04009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Chmielewski ◽  
Tomasz Szczuraszek
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Traffic Modelling ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of analyses of the influence of changes in spatial management on changes in the emissions of selected harmful chemicals and road traffic noise. The analyses were carried out for different scenarios of urban development: from a compact city with densely developed areas and a higher residential density to a diffuse city, where residents live in suburban areas with good quality of air, but have to spend a lot of time commuting to work and school. The results of traffic modelling analyses considering transport needs of a specific urban area enabled the determination of possible effects of a spatial planning policy on the residents’ standard of living and the influence of the policy on natural environment. The article ends with conclusions and recommendations for planning the development of a city's spatial management from the point of view of the transport needs of its residents and the impact of their everyday trips on the environment.

scholarly journals Investigating Greenland's glaciers

1990 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
A Weidick
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glacier Fluctuations ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Investigations of Greenland's glaciers undertaken by GGU are primarily related to the exploitation of meltwater from the Inland lce and local glaciers in western Greenland, i.e. they are essentially related to glacier hydrology (Olesen & Braithwaite, 1989). The studies are therefore based on mass balance data combined with investigations of superglacial melt/refreezing and the determination of the internal mode of drainage. Related to this work is the documentation of short-term glacier changes at specific localities identified as being of special interest for hydropower from the point of view of glacier hazards, i.e. for example damage caused by tapping of ice dammed lakes or change of proglacial draining caused by change in the glacier's thickness and extent. Similar documentation of long-term glacier fluctuations provides a background for control and modelling of past glacier fluctuations. The procedures have a direct bearing on the calculation of scenarios for future events related to the individual localities or, in a regional sense, to the impact of changes in Greenland glaciers on global sea level (the 'greenhouse effect’).

scholarly journals PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, FINANCIAL LEVERAGE DAN LABA SEBELUM PAJAK TERHADAP PEMILIHAN METODE AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2015-2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-525
Author(s):  
Yulia Fitri ◽  
Firzatullah Firzatullah
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Organization Size ◽  
The Impact

The goals of this examination are (1) to break down the impact of organization size on the decision of stock bookkeeping strategies, (2) to dissect the impact of monetary influence on the decision of inventory accounting methods (3) to investigate the impact of benefit before charge on the decision of inventory accounting methods (4) to examine the impact of size organization, monetary influence and benefit before charge on the determination of inventory accounting methods. This exploration is an experimental investigation led on assembling organizations recorded on the Indonesian stock trade during 2015-2018 and there are 78 organizat

scholarly journals INTENSIFICATION OF INVESTMENT IN THE RENOVATION OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kovalivska ◽  
Andrii Shcherbyna ◽  
Vsevolod Nikolaiev
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Residential Real Estate ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

The subject of the paper є is to study the mechanisms for investing in residential renovation in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, sustainable development is considered both from the point of view of safety and environmental friendliness of residential buildings, and from the social point of view of providing housing to citizens from strategic perspective. It is shown that the current sustainable development goals, the definition of indicators of their achievement do not cover the problem of housing deterioration, which is one of the most acute for national and social security, as well as the financial stability of the state. Therefore, the achievement of SDG-11 in Ukraine is in a high risk zone given the catastrophic state of housing, the scale of the problem, and the high cost of its renovation for insolvent households; this does not solve the problem only at the expense of homeowners as follows from the essence and functions of property owners. The situation in Ukraine differs from European countries in that the state is impossible to further subsidize the owners on a large scale. This requires a combination of public investment in renovation of residential real estate with property reform, transforming part of the housing stock into social housing. As the implementation of housing projects concerns the local level, the general shortcomings of strategic management are shown, where there is no vision of communities to solve the problem. Methodology. Based on the methodological developments of the authors on the insolvency of homeowners in Ukraine (A. Shcherbyna), criticism of unjustified approaches to co-financing by residents and local authorities of renovation projects in Kyiv (O. Popeko), and the need to justify and evaluate investment projects to achieve sustainable development goals (S. Kovalivska), the article forms a comprehensive approach to solving the problem in terms of all three aspects. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to deepen the formulation and analysis of methods to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 11 "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable" with the help of provisions on sustainable housing for citizens based on a projectoriented approach and mechanisms for financing projects using public-private partnerships of homeowners with local authorities, as well as taking into account sustainable development goals. Practical implications. The main directions of further progress in reforming property relations in the housing sector and creating tools for intensifying partnership mechanisms at the vertical and horizontal levels in the public administration system are identified. Results. The proposed methodology provides for the selection of projects for budget support and development of recommendations for their implementation, taking into account SDG in several stages: preselection based on cost-benefit analysis; assessment of the impact of the project on SDG (determination of the SDG identity of the project based on a quantitative assessment of the impact of its objectives on SDG and vice versa); determination of the volume and type of budget support (rating of projects based on a comprehensive analysis of their commercial, budgetary and social efficiency, adjusted for the level of manufacturability, export orientation, and SDG identity); development of recommendations for project implementation, which take into account the approaches to assessing the impact of the project on SDG and, conversely, the achievement of SDGs or the risks of their failure to achieve project objectives (4). Value. To link SDG with budget planning, it is proposed to introduce an additional classification of budget expenditures on SDG, which will help to reconcile strategic and budget planning with investment in order to achieve SDG, including in the process of ensuring state participation in programs and projects for renovation and construction of housing based on the concept of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Update of the recommendations for the determination of biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma: National Consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1976-1991
Author(s):  
P. García-Alfonso ◽  
R. García-Carbonero ◽  
J. García-Foncillas ◽  
P. Pérez-Segura ◽  
R. Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Medical Oncology ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lymph Node Staging ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this update of the consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica—SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica—SEAP), advances in the analysis of biomarkers in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as susceptibility markers of hereditary CRC and molecular biomarkers of localized CRC are reviewed. Recently published information on the essential determination of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations and the convenience of determining the amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), the expression of proteins in the DNA repair pathway and the study of NTRK fusions are also evaluated. From the pathological point of view, the importance of analysing the tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters, and its prognostic value in CRC is reviewed, as well as the impact of molecular lymph node analysis on lymph node staging in CRC. The incorporation of pan-genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsy in the clinical management of patients with CRC is also outlined. All these aspects are developed in this guide, which, like the previous one, will remain open to any necessary revision in the future.

scholarly journals About unification of indices of the possibility of disease occurrence in risk assessment methodology and the determination of the probability of non-carcinogenic effects in toxicological-hygienic, clinical and epidemiological studies and according to data about health-seeking behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 998-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury N. Katulskiy
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
The Impact

In the methodology for the assessment of the risk the possibility of the disease occurrence under the impact of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances is measured by different indices. This leads to the fact that within the single methodology there are used various scores for such similar index as the risk of the disease occurrence, as a result carcinogens and systemic toxicants happen to be inconsistent from this point of view. At the same time, unlike carcinogens risk indices for systemic toxicants do not allow to evaluate the number of possible diseases in the population during the corresponding period of time, because they contain no information about their probability. Obviously, from this point of view, the characteristics of carcinogenic risk have certain advantages. Therefore, noncarcinogenic risk should be assessed by the similar indices as carcinogenic ones. However, an obstacle to this is the fact that in toxicological-hygienic, clinical and epidemiological studies, according to the results of which there is determined the risk for systemic toxicants, the impact of non-lethal levels of the exposure is established not in separate individuals, as for carcinogens, but according to mean-group values of indices of the state of the body as the identification of the nonspecific effect under relatively non high doses (concentrations) in the single person is fairly difficult. Such data do not allow to estimate the probability of the break of the effect. Also the data concerning seeking for the medical help, considering repeated medical resource utilization due to protract diseases or afflictions occurring repeatedly in a person several times for the considered period of time fail to be the estimation of the probability for the disease occurrence. For the obtaining of the possibility of unification of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic indices of risk in the paper there are presented methods for the determination of the probability of non-carcinogenic effects in toxicological-hygienic, clinical and epidemiological studies, as well as according to statistical data on the seeking for the medical help, taking into account the repeated appeals of the protract or re-emerging diseases.

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