A Comprehensive Review of Drop Impact Modeling on Portable Electronic Devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Yau ◽  
Shijie Norman Hua
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Drop Impact ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Future Work

This article is dedicated to the review of publications on drop impact analysis performed on consumer electronic devices such as cellular phones and two-way radios in the past decade. Prior to the highlights of this review, the scope and motivation behind this work will be briefly explained. A comprehensive survey on published literatures devoted to the methodologies established to analyze the reliability of electronic products exposed to the event of drop impact is presented. The scope of the review is extended beyond product level analysis to also include drop impact study at board level. This type of review is novel and has not been published in the past. The focus will be on the different analytical and numerical modeling approaches and the current status of finite element method in predicting the drop impact performance of electronic devices. Of equal interest is the methodology adopted in past work to establish a correlation between numerical and experimental results. This article serves as a reference to all intended future work which could be an extension from the current known art of drop impact analysis on electronic devices. The time frame of this review is up to year 2010.

Correlating Drop Impact Simulations With Drop Impact Testing Using High-Speed Camera Measurements

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. M. Zaal ◽  
W. D. van Driel ◽  
F. J. H. G. Kessels ◽  
G. Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Drop Impact ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Impact Simulations ◽  
Board Level

The increased use of mobile appliances such as mobile phones and navigation systems in today’s society has resulted in an increase in reliability issues related to drop performance. Mobile appliances are dropped several times during their lifespan and the product is required to survive common drop accidents. A widely accepted method to assess the drop reliability of microelectronics on board-level is the drop impact test. This test has been standardized by international councils such as Joint Electron Device Engineering Council and is widely adopted throughout the industry. In this research the solder loading is investigated by combining high-speed camera measurements of several drop impact tests with verified finite element models. These simulation models are developed in order to gain an insight on the loading pattern of solder joints based on interconnect layout, drop conditions, and product specifications prior to physical prototyping. Deflections and frequencies during drop testing are measured using a high-speed camera setup. The high-speed camera experiments are performed on two levels: machine level (rebounds with and without a catcher) and product level (with different levels of energy and different pulse times). Parametric (dynamic and quasistatic) 3D models are developed to predict the drop impact performance. The experimental results are used to verify and enhance the simulation models, e.g., by tuning the damping parameters. As a result, the verified models can be used to determine the location of the critical solder joint and to obtain estimates of the solder lifetime performance.

A Survey and Taxonomy of Electronics Toolkits for Interactive and Ubiquitous Device Prototyping

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Mannu Lambrichts ◽  
Raf Ramakers ◽  
Steve Hodges ◽  
Sven Coppers ◽  
James Devine
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Intended Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Technical Specifications

Over the past two decades, many toolkits for prototyping interactive and ubiquitous electronic devices have been developed. Although their technical specifications are often easy to look up, they vary greatly in terms of design, features and target audience, resulting in very real strengths and weaknesses depending on the intended application. These less technical characteristics are often reported inconsistently, if at all. In this paper we provide a comprehensive survey of interactive and ubiquitous device prototyping toolkits, systematically analysing their characteristics within the framework of a new taxonomy that we present. In addition to the specific characteristics we cover, we introduce a way to evaluate toolkits more holistically, covering user needs such as 'ease of construction' and 'ease of moving from prototype to product' rather than features. We also present results from an online survey which offers new insights on how the surveyed users prioritize these characteristics during prototyping, and what techniques they use to move beyond prototyping. We hope our analysis will be valuable for others in the community who need to build and potentially scale out prototypes as part of their research. We end by identifying gaps that have not yet been addressed by existing offerings and discuss opportunities for future research into electronics prototyping toolkits.

Effect of Shield-Can on Dynamic Response of Board-Level Assembly

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Yu ◽  
Jae Kwak ◽  
Seungbae Park ◽  
Soonwan Chung ◽  
Ji-Young Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Solder Joint ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Drop Impact ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Board Level

In order to protect the electronic components of electronic devices on a printed circuit board (PCB) against electromagnetic radiation, a conductive shield-can or box is normally attached to the PCB covering the electronic components. In particular, handheld electronic devices are prone to be subjected to drop impact. This means that the products would experience a significant amount of out-of-plane deformation along the PCB, which may cause stresses eventually resulting in solder joint failures. The attached shield-can could provide additional mechanical strength and minimize the out-of-plane deformation, especially where the electronic package is located. In this study, both the dynamic responses of the PCB and the characteristic life of solder joints with different shield-can designs were investigated, which are seldom explored by other researchers. In the board-level drop tests, a noncontact full-field optical measurement technique, digital image correlation (DIC) with images taken by stereo-high-speed cameras, was used to obtain full-field displacement data showing the dynamic responses of the PCB during the drop impact. PCBs with a fine ball grid array (FBGA) package were prepared with various types of shield-can attached. From the experimental results the effects of different shield-can types, varying in shape and size on the dynamic responses of the PCB, were analyzed. In addition, the number of drops to failure for each shield-can was also recorded by an event detector. Using ANSYS/LS-DYNA, an accurately validated finite element model has been developed. Then the stress analysis could be performed in order to study the failure mechanism by finding the maximum tensile stress of the solder joints during the drop impact and correlate the stress results with the characteristic life of solder joint.

Impact Test and Simulation of Portable Electronic Devices: An Assessment

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Ronald Gibson ◽  
Xuefang Wang ◽  
Hong Hai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Drop Impact ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Portable Electronics ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Nonlinear Contact ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Testing Standards

Portable electronics devices are well known to be susceptible to drop impact which can cause various damage modes such as interconnect breakage, battery separation, possible cracking/debonding along interfaces, display damage, leaking in insulin pump, etc., Drop/impact performance of these products is one of important concerns of product design. Because of the small size of this type of electronics products, it is very expensive, time-consuming and difficult to conduct drop tests to directly detect the failure mechanisms and identify their drop behaviors. A brief review is given in terms of the development in testing standards, material modeling and structure modeling. Barriers and needs are given for both the measurement and modeling, with particular attention to the material rate dependent constitutive modeling, testing facilities development, and nonlinear contact mechanics modeling.

Advances In Asthma Care

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Asthma Care ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Asthma Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Examination Process

Asthma rates in the US have risen during the past 25 years, as have asthma-related morbidity and healthcare costs. Professional organizations involved in asthma care have identified the need to assure that an advanced level of asthma knowledge and skill is available to patients with asthma, their families, and insurers. This need led to development of the certification for asthma educators. The Certified Asthma Educator (AE-C) must meet specific clinical criteria and pass a standardized examination designed to evaluate knowledge and skill for providing competent asthma education and coordination. The development and current status of the Certified Asthma Educator examination process and content are discussed, as are goals of the certification

Bioethics In Neurospinal Patient Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andi Asadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury

Neurosurgery is among the newest of surgical disciplines, appearing in its modern incarnation at the dawn of twentieth century with the work of Harvey Cushing and contemporaries. Neurosurgical ethics involves challenges of manipulating anatomical locus of human identity and concerns of surgeons and patients who find themselves bound together in that venture.In recent years, neurosurgery ethics has taken on greater relevance as changes in society and technology have brought novel questions into sharp focus. Change of expanded armamentarium of techniques for interfacing with the human brain and spine— demand that we use philosophical reasoning to assess merits of technical innovations.Bioethics can be defined as systematic study of moral challenges in medicine, including moral vision, decisions, conduct, and policies related to medicine. Every surgeon should still take the Hippocratic Oath seriously and consider it a basic guide to follow good medical ethics in medical practice. It is simple and embodies three of the four modern bioethics principles – Respecting autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition often affecting young and healthy individuals around the world. Currently, scientists are pressured on many fronts to develop an all-encompassing “cure” for paralysis. While scientific understanding of central nervous system (CNS) regeneration has advanced greatly in the past years, there are still many unknowns with regard to inducing successful regeneration. A more realistic approach is required if we are interested in improving the quality of life of a large proportion of the paralyzed population in a more expedient time frame.

Water resources management in Greece: current status and prospective outlook

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Angelakis ◽  
E. Diamadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Pollution Loads

The basic aim of this paper is to present the existing conditions and problems of water resources management in Greece. Water demand has increased tremendously over the past 30 years. Despite adequate precipitation, water imbalance is often experienced, due to temporal and regional variations of the precipitation, the increased water demand during the summer months and the difficulty of transporting water due to the mountainous terrain. Integration of reclaimed wastewater originating from the wastewater treatment plant effluents into the water resources management is proposed. This plan exhibits the potential for reducing the pollution loads entering sea or inland waters, while at the same time providing water for irrigation.

Upcoming Drifts In Bio-Similars

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Aggarwal ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Ameya Sharma ◽  
Vivek Puri ◽  
Gitika Arora Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biologic Activity ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Food Drug Administration ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Biopharmaceuticals such as Biologic medicinal products have been in clinical use over the past three decades and have benefited towards the therapy of degenerative and critical metabolic diseases. It is forecasted that market of biologics will be going to increase at a rate of 20% per year, and by 2025, more than ˃ 50% of new drug approvals may be biological products. The increasing utilization of the biologics necessitates for cost control, especially for innovators products that have enjoyed a lengthy period of exclusive use. As the first wave of biopharmaceuticals is expired or set to expire, it has led to various opportunities for the expansion of bio-similars i.e. copied versions of original biologics with same biologic activity. Development of biosimilars is expected to promote market competition, meet worldwide demand, sustain the healthcare systems and maintain the incentives for innovation. Methods: Appraisal of published articles from peer reviewed journals, PubMed literature, latest news and guidelines from European Medicine Agency, US Food Drug Administration (FDA) and India are used to identify data for review. Results: Main insight into the quality requirements concerning biologics, current status of regulation of biosimilars and upcoming challenges lying ahead for the upgrading of marketing authorization of bio-similars has been incorporated. Compiled literature on therapeutic status, regulatory guidelines and the emerging trends and opportunities of biosimilars has been thoroughly stated. Conclusion: Updates on biosimilars will support to investigate the possible impact of bio-similars on healthcare market.

Evoking Issues of Race and Ethnicity in Research on Physiology and Interpersonal Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-287
Author(s):  
Shardé M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Area Of Study

Investigating the role of physiology in communication research is a burgeoning area of study that has gained considerable attention by relational scholars in the past decade. Unfortunately, very few published studies on this topic have evoked important questions about the role of race and ethnicity. Exploring issues of ethnicity and race provides a more holistic and inclusive view of interpersonal communication across diverse groups and communities. This chapter addresses the gap in literature by considering the ways in which race and ethnicity matter in work on physiology and interpersonal interactions. More specifically, this chapter will first discuss the conceptual underpinnings of race, ethnicity, and other relevant concepts and then review extant research within and beyond the field of communication on race, ethnicity, interpersonal interactions, and physiology. These discussions set the foundation for this chapter to propose new lines of research that pointedly connect these four concepts and advance key principles that scholars should consider in future work.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document