scholarly journals On the Shrinkage and Stiffening of a Cellulose Sponge Upon Drying

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Rey ◽  
Matthieu Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partially Saturated ◽  
Geometrical Nonlinearities ◽  
Cellulose Material ◽  
Cellulose Sponge ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic ◽  
Water Contents

Everyone can observe the peculiar effect of water on a sponge: upon drying, a sponge shrinks and stiffens; it swells and softens upon wetting. In this work, we aim to explain and model this behavior by using the Biot–Coussy poromechanical framework. We measure the volume and the bulk modulus of sponges at different water contents. Upon drying, the volume of the sponge decreases by more than half and its bulk modulus increases by almost two orders of magnitude. We develop a partially saturated microporomechanical model of the sponge undergoing finite transformations. The model compares well with the experimental data. We show that about half of the stiffening of the sponge upon drying is due to geometrical nonlinearities induced by a closing of the pores under the action of capillary pressure. The other half of the stiffening can be explained by the nonlinear elastic properties of the cellulose material itself.

scholarly journals Two and three pseudoscalar production in e+e− annihilation and their contributions to (g − 2)μ

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Qin ◽  
Ling-Yun Dai ◽  
Jorge Portolés
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Pseudoscalar Meson ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Anomalous Magnetic Moment ◽  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Meson Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract A coherent study of e+e− annihilation into two (π+π−, K+K−) and three (π+π−π0, π+π−η) pseudoscalar meson production is carried out within the framework of resonance chiral theory in energy region E ≲ 2 GeV. The work of [L.Y. Dai, J. Portolés, and O. Shekhovtsova, Phys. Rev. D88 (2013) 056001] is revisited with the latest experimental data and a joint analysis of two pseudoscalar meson production. Hence, we evaluate the lowest order hadronic vacuum polarization contributions of those two and three pseudoscalar processes to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We also estimate some higher-order additions led by the same hadronic vacuum polarization. Combined with the other contributions from the standard model, the theoretical prediction differs still by (21.6 ± 7.4) × 10−10 (2.9σ) from the experimental value.

APPLICATION OF A NEW HAMILTONIAN OF INTERACTION TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1351-1368
Author(s):  
ANDREI DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU OCTAVIAN DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU DOLOCAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

Using a new Hamiltonian of interaction we have calculated the cohesive energy in three-dimensional structures. We have found the news dependences of this energy on the distance between the atoms. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental data in ionic, covalent and noble gases crystals. The coupling constant γ between the interacting field and the atoms is somewhat smaller than unity in ionic crystals and is some larger than unity in covalent and noble gases crystals. The formulae found by us are general and may be applied, also, to the other types of interactions, for example, gravitational interactions.

Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Effective Bulk Modulus of a Mixture of Hydraulic Oil and Air

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Gholizadeh ◽  
Doug Bitner ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
Greg Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Pressure Sensitivity ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Effective Bulk Modulus ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Major Factors

It is well known that the presence of entrained air bubbles in hydraulic oil can significantly reduce the effective bulk modulus of hydraulic oil. The effective bulk modulus of a mixture of oil and air as pressure changes is considerably different than when the oil and air are not mixed. Theoretical models have been proposed in the literature to simulate the pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of this mixture. However, limited amounts of experimental data are available to prove the validity of the models under various operating conditions. The major factors that affect pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of the mixture are the amount of air bubbles, their size and the distribution, and rate of compression of the mixture. An experimental apparatus was designed to investigate the effect of these variables on the effective bulk modulus of the mixture. The experimental results were compared with existing theoretical models, and it was found that the theoretical models only matched the experimental data under specific conditions. The purpose of this paper is to specify the conditions in which the current theoretical models can be used to represent the real behavior of the pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of the mixture. Additionally, a new theoretical model is proposed for situations where the current models fail to truly represent the experimental data.

Electron drift caused by rf field gradient creates many plasma phenomena: An attempt to distinguish the cause and the effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. XAPLANTERIS ◽  
E. D. FILIPPAKI ◽  
I. S. MISTAKIDIS ◽  
L. C. XAPLANTERIS
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Collision Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Plasma Parameters

AbstractMany experimental data along with their theoretical interpretations on the rf low-temperature cylindrical plasma have been issued until today. Our Laboratory has contributed to that research by publishing results and interpretative mathematical models. With the present paper, two issues are being examined; firstly, the estimation of electron drift caused by the rf field gradient, which is the initial reason for the plasma behaviour, and secondly, many new experimental results, especially the electron-neutral collision frequency effect on the other plasma parameters and quantities. Up till now, only the plasma steady state was taken into consideration when a theoretical elaboration was carried out, regardless of the cause and the effect. This indicates the plasma's complicated and chaotic configuration and the need to simplify the problem. In the present work, a classification about the causality of the phenomena is attempted; the rf field gradient electron drift is proved to be the initial cause.

Buckling Design of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Based on Energy Barrier Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150165
Author(s):  
Haigui Fan ◽  
Wenguang Gu ◽  
Longhua Li ◽  
Peiqi Liu ◽  
Dapeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Thin Shell ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Cylindrical Shells ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Buckling Loads

Buckling design of axially compressed cylindrical shells is still a challenging subject considering the high imperfection-sensitive characteristic in this kind of structure. With the development of various design methods, the energy barrier concept dealing with buckling of imperfection-sensitive cylindrical shells exhibits a promising prospect in recent years. In this study, buckling design of imperfection-sensitive cylindrical shells under axial compression based on the energy barrier approach is systematically investigated. The methodology about buckling design based on the energy barrier approach is described in detail first taking advantage of the cylindrical shells whose buckling loads have been extensively tested. Then, validation and discussion about this buckling design method have been carried out by the numerical and experimental analyses on the cylindrical shells with different geometrical and boundary imperfections. Results in this study together with the available experimental data have verified the reliability and advantage of the buckling design method based on energy barrier approach. A design criterion based on the energy barrier approach is therefore established and compared with the other criteria. Results indicate that buckling design based on energy barrier approach can be used as an efficient way in the lightweight design of thin-shell structures.

Psychophysical interactions with a double-slit interference pattern: Exploratory evidence of a causal influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Dean Radin ◽  
Helané Wahbeh ◽  
Leena Michel ◽  
Arnaud Delorme
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Interference Pattern ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fringe Visibility ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Slit

An experiment we conducted from 2012 to 2013, which had not been previously reported, was designed to explore possible psychophysical effects resulting from the interaction of a human mind with a quantum system. Participants focused their attention toward or away from the slits in a double-slit optical system to see if the interference pattern would be affected. Data were collected from 25 people in individual half-hour sessions; each person repeated the test ten times for a total of 250 planned sessions. “Sham” sessions designed to mimic the experimental sessions without observers present were run immediately before and after as controls. Based on the planned analysis, no evidence for a psychophysical effect was found. Because this experiment differed in two essential ways from similar, previously reported double-slit experiments, two exploratory analyses were developed, one based on a simple spectral analysis of the interference pattern and the other based on fringe visibility. For the experimental data, the outcome supported a pattern of results predicted by a causal psychophysical effect, with the spectral metric resulting in a 3.4 sigma effect (p = 0.0003), and the fringe visibility metric resulting in 7 of 22 fringes tested above 2.3 sigma after adjustment for type I error inflation, with one of those fringes at 4.3 sigma above chance (p = 0.00001). The same analyses applied to the sham data showed uniformly null outcomes. Other analyses exploring the potential that these results were due to mundane artifacts, such as fluctuations in temperature or vibration, showed no evidence of such influences. Future studies using the same protocols and analytical methods will be required to determine if these exploratory results are idiosyncratic or reflect a genuine psychophysical influence.

Thermal Model of a Thinned-Die Cooling System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boiadjieva ◽  
P. Koev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Input Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Optical Probing ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Better Than

For through-silicon optical probing of microprocessors, the heat generated by devices with power over 100W must be dissipated [1]. To accommodate optical probing, a seemingly elaborate cooling system that controls the microprocessor temperature from 60 to 100° C for device power up to 150W was designed [2]. The system parameters to achieve the desired thermal debug environment were cooling air temperature and air flow. A mathematical model was developed to determine both device temperature and input power. The 3-D heat equation that governs the temperature distribution was simplified to a case of a 1-D rod with one end at the device center and the other at the cooling air intake. Thus the cooling system was reduced to an analytical expression. From experimental data, we computed all coefficients in the model, then ran extensive tests to verify—the accuracy was better than 10% over the entire temperature and power ranges.

An Analysis of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Split Flaps

1940 ◽  
Vol 44 (352) ◽  
pp. 338-349
Author(s):  
A. P. West
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aircraft Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Scale Data

During the past few years an extensive amount of experimental data on split flaps has been made available to the aircraft industry, through the publications of aeronautical research laboratories, both in this country and abroad. In general, each publication deals with one particular aspect of the problem, and when the effect of wing flaps on the performance of an aircraft is being estimated a certain amount of difficulty may be experienced in deciding which of the many reports available gives results most readily applicable to the case being considered ; and what allowances, if any, should be made for wing taper, flap cut-out, fuselage, etc.In this report the available data has been analysed with a view to answering these questions, and presented in such a form that it may be readily applied to determine the most probable change in the aerodynamic characteristics of a wing that may be expected from the use of this type of flap.From the appendix an estimate of the accuracy of the method can be obtained, as a comparison with full-scale data is given for lift and drag, and for the other flap characteristics the original curves have been reproduced.

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