Thermal Model of a Thinned-Die Cooling System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boiadjieva ◽  
P. Koev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Input Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Optical Probing ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Better Than

For through-silicon optical probing of microprocessors, the heat generated by devices with power over 100W must be dissipated [1]. To accommodate optical probing, a seemingly elaborate cooling system that controls the microprocessor temperature from 60 to 100° C for device power up to 150W was designed [2]. The system parameters to achieve the desired thermal debug environment were cooling air temperature and air flow. A mathematical model was developed to determine both device temperature and input power. The 3-D heat equation that governs the temperature distribution was simplified to a case of a 1-D rod with one end at the device center and the other at the cooling air intake. Thus the cooling system was reduced to an analytical expression. From experimental data, we computed all coefficients in the model, then ran extensive tests to verify—the accuracy was better than 10% over the entire temperature and power ranges.

Thermal Model of a Thinned-Die Cooling System

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boiadjieva ◽  
P. Koev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Input Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Optical Probing ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Better Than

For through-silicon optical probing of microprocessors, the heat generated by devices with power over 100W must be dissipated 1. To accommodate optical probing, a seemingly elaborate cooling system that controls the microprocessor temperature from 60 to 100°C for device power up to 150 W was designed 2. The system parameters to achieve the desired thermal debug environment were cooling air temperature and air flow. A mathematical model was developed to determine both device temperature and input power. The 3D heat equation that governs the temperature distribution was simplified to a case of a 1D rod with one end at the device center and the other at the cooling air intake. Thus the cooling system was reduced to an analytical expression. From experimental data, we computed all coefficients in the model, then ran extensive tests to verify—the accuracy was better than 10% over the entire temperature and power ranges.

scholarly journals NICKEL BIOSORPTION BY FINELY GROUND WASTE SLUDGE / NIKELIO BIOSORBAVIMAS SMULKIAI SUMALTU NUOTEKŲ DUMBLU / БИОСОРБЦИЯ НИКЕЛЯ МЕЛКО ИЗМЕЛЬЧЕННЫМ ИЛОМ СТОКОВ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Hannachi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solution by finely ground waste sludge (FGWS) was investigated. Waste sludge samples obtained from a varnishes and lacquers industry wastewater treatment plant was dried, ground and pre-treated with 1% H2O2 to improve the biosorption capacity. Kinetics of nickel biosorption onto FGWS was investigated by using the FGWS samples with particle size of 62.2 µm. The pseudo-first and second order rate expressions were used to correlate the experimental data. The kinetic constants were determined for both models and the second order rate expression was found to be more suitable. Three different biosorption isotherms were used to correlate the equilibrium biosorption data and the isotherm constants were determined. The Langmuir isotherm was found to fit the experimental data better than the other tested isotherms. The biosorption capacity (qm) and saturation constant (K) for the Langmuir isotherm showed that finely ground waste sludge has the largest capacity and affinity for removal of Ni(II) compared to the other Activated sludges. Santrauka Nagrinėjami Ni(II) šalinimo iš vandeninių tirpalų smulkiai sumaltu nuotekų dumblu (SSND) tyrimų rezultatai. Nuotekų dumblo pavyzdžiai imti iš glazūravimo ir lakavimo pramonės nuotekų valymo įrenginių, išdžiovinti, susmulkinti ir apdoroti 1% H2O2, kad padidėtų biosorbcijos tūris. Nikelio sorbcijos SSND kinetika tirta naudojant SSND bandinius, kurių dalelių dydis 62,2 µm. Pseudo pirmojo ir antrojo laipsnio greičio išraiškos buvo taikomos eksperimentinių duomenų koreliacijai apibrėžti. Kinetinė konstanta nustatyta abiejų modelių, tačiau antrojo laipsnio greičio išraiška buvo tinkamesnė. Pagal tris skirtingas biosorbcijos izotermes nustatyta biosorbcijos pusiausvyros duomenų koreliacija, rastos izotermių konstantos. Langmiuro (Langmuir) izotermė geriau atitiko eksperimentinius duomenis nei kitos tirtosios izotermės. Pagal Langmiuro izotermę biosorbcijos geba (q m) ir prisotinimo konstanta (K) rodė, kad smulkiai sumalto nuotekų dumblo geba šalinti Ni(II) yra didžiausia, palyginti su kitos rūšies aktyvintojo dumblo. Резюме Исследуется удаление Ni(II) из водных растворов мелко измельченным илом стоков (МИИС). Образцы ила стоковбыли взяты из оборудования по очистке стоков в промышленности по глазурованию и лакованию. Затем образцы были высушены, измельчены и обработаны 1-процентным H2O2, с целью увеличить объем биосорбции. Кинетика сорбции никеля МИИС исследовалась с применением образцов МИИС, величина частиц которых составляла62,2 μм. Выражения скорости псевдопервой и псевдовторой степени использовались для определения корреляции экспериментальных данных. Кинетическая константа была установлена для обеих моделей. Однако выражение скорости второй степени оказалось более приемлемым. Три разные изотермы биосорбции применялись для определения корреляции данных по равновесию биосорбции и констант изотерм. Изотерма Langmuir лучше совпала с экспериментальными данными, чем другие испытуемые изотермы. Способность биосорбции (q m) изотермы Langmuir и константа насыщения (K) показали, что мелко измельченный ил стоков обладает наибольшей способностью удалять Ni(II) по сравнению с другими видами активированного ила.

The Case Study on Optimization of Large Scale Heating and Cooling Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 611-615
Author(s):  
Lan Bin Liu ◽  
Ai Juan Zou ◽  
Jia Jun Liao ◽  
Yu Fei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Load ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Return Water ◽  
Load Center

This paper discussed the optimization of two cases of large scale heating and cooling system. One is the heating/cooling system with heating/cooling source with distance from load center, the other is the heating/cooling system with heating/cooling source located in the load center. The affect of the temperature difference between supply and return water, load density and the price of energy towards optimized radius and max radius was discussed using the existed model. The optimized radius and appropriate system parameters are got. It is a reference to the designers and operators related.

BERICHT: Self-Diffusion in Molten Salts. A Comparison Between Diffusion Theories and Experimental Data

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-939
Author(s):  
C.-A. Sjöblom
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Free Volume Model ◽  
Hole Model ◽  
Better Than

A comparison between the available self-diffusion data on pure molten salts and the predictions by different liquid diffusion theories is made. It is found that the Arrhenius equation D=D0exp (— Q/R T) describes the experimental data equally well (or better) than any of the other theoretically predicted equations. The hole model prediction (Q=3.74 R Tm) is found to be inaccurate. The free volume model and the local density fluctuation models describe the data less well than the other models considered. The cubic cell model leads to a correct correlation between self-diffusion and kinematic viscosity for several salts (but not all).

Absolute Viscosity of Air down to Cryogenic Temperatures and up to High Pressures

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Latto ◽  
M. W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Absolute Viscosity ◽  
Correlating Equations ◽  
Better Than

The absolute viscosity of gaseous air was determined experimentally for the general pressure and temperature range 100–15 000 kPa and 90–400 K respectively, using a series capillary transpiration-type viscometer which has been developed by the authors. The accuracy of the experimental data is believed to be better than ± 1 per cent. Two general correlating equations, one for atmospheric pressure and the other for medium high pressure (i.e., densities up to 400 kg/m3), have been obtained.

scholarly journals Prediction Of Solubility Of Solid N-Paraffins In Supercritical Fluids Using Modified Redlich-Kwong Equation Of State

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ratnawati Ratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Adjustable Parameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Better Than

Three equation of state are used to predict solubilities of solid n-pafaffins in supercritical fluids. The equations are the Redlich-Kwong, the Soave-Redlich-Kwong, and equation proposed by Hartono et.al. (2003; 2004). Both the last two equations were formed by modificating the Redlich-Kwong equqtion of state. With the binary interactions parameter, kif , equals zero, the equations proposed by Hartono et.al. is better than both the Redlich-Kwong and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equations of state are. Upon optimization with kif as the adjustable parameter, the equation of state proposed by Hartono et.al. is closer to the experimental data than the other equqtions are. For 142 data points of 12 systems the equation proposed by Hartono et. Al. gives the average deviation of 36.6%, while the Redlich-Kwong and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong give 66.7% and 65.8%, respectively.Keywords : equation of state, solubility, supercritical

scholarly journals A Performance Study of the Impact of Different Perturbation Methods on the Efficiency of GVNS for Solving TSP

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Papalitsas ◽  
Karakostas ◽  
Andronikos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Perturbation Methods ◽  
Traveling Salesman ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Benchmark Instances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this paper is to assess how three shaking procedures affect the performanceof a metaheuristic GVNS algorithm. The first shaking procedure is generally known in the literatureas intensified shaking method. The second is a quantum-inspired perturbation method, and thethird is a shuffle method. The GVNS schemes are evaluated using a search strategy for both Firstand Best improvement and a time limit of one and two minutes. The formed GVNS schemes wereapplied on Traveling Salesman Problem (sTSP, nTSP) benchmark instances from the well-knownTSPLib. To examine the potential advantage of any of the three metaheuristic schemes, extensivestatistical analysis was performed on the reported results. The experimental data shows that for aTSPinstances the first two methods perform roughly equivalently and, in any case, much better thanthe shuffle approach. In addition, the first method performs better than the other two when usingthe First Improvement strategy, while the second method gives results quite similar to the third.However, no significant deviations were observed when different methods of perturbation were usedfor Symmetric TSP instances (sTSP, nTSP).

Prediction of the Effect of Dimension, Particle Density, Temperature, and Inlet Velocity on Cyclone Collection Efficiency

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolius Gimbun ◽  
Thomas S. Y. Choong ◽  
A Fakhru’l–Razi ◽  
T. G. Chuah
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cyclone Separator ◽  
Inlet Velocity ◽  
Better Than

Kecekapan pengumpulan pemisah siklon bergantung kepada beberapa faktor seperti dimensinya, ketumpatan partikel dan suhu beroperasi. Sifat fizikal bendalir seperti ketumpatan dan kelikatan bendalir serta parameter operasi misalnya halaju masukan bendalir juga mempengeruhi kecekapan siklon. Artikel ini membandingkan ketepatan ramalan oleh empat model siklon iaitu Lapple[2], Koch dan Licht[3], Li dan Wang[4], dan Iozia dan Leith[5]. Kesemua ramalan terbukti memuaskan jika dibandingkan dengan data eksperimen yang sedia ada. Model Li dan Wang[4] menghasilkan ramalan yang lebih tepat berbanding tiga model lain dengan penyisihan hanya 3% daripada data eksperimen. Oleh yang demikian, model tersebut sesuai digunakan untuk menilai kecekapan silikon. Kecekapan silikon meningkat dengan berkurangnya diameter siklon, suhu beroperasi dan lebar masukan siklon. Sebaliknya, kecekapan siklon di dapati meningkat secara berkadar terus dengan peningkatan halaju masukan dan ketumpatan partikel. Kata kunci: Kecekapan siklon, dimensi, halaju masukan, suhu The collection efficiency of a cyclone separator depends on several factors including design parameters, such as dimensions of the cyclone separator, particle density, and operating temperature. The physical properties of fluid, namely the density and viscosity, and operating parameters such as the inlet velocity of the fluid into the cyclone and the outlet conditions also affect the cyclone efficiency. This paper compares the prediction accuracy of four cyclone collection models, namely Lapple[2], Koch and Licht[3], Li and Wang[4], and Iozia and Leith[5]. All the predictions proved to be satisfactory when compared with the presented experimental data. The Li and Wang model[4], predicts the cyclone collection efficiency much better than the other three models with a deviation of only 3% from the experimental data and therefore, it could be used in the evaluation of cyclone efficiency. The cyclone efficiency increases with decreasing cyclone body diameter, operating temperature, and cyclone inlet width. On the other hand, cyclone effiency increases proportionally with inlet velocity and particle density. Keywords: Cyclone efficiency; dimension; inlet velocity; temperature

The Experimental Study of Residential Kitchen Gradually Expanding Oriented Structural Member Exhaust Pipe System Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2827-2831
Author(s):  
Yue Ren Wang ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Zhi Yang Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Structural Member ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Operating Rate ◽  
The Cross ◽  
System Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this paper is to study the residential kitchen exhaust pipe system by introducing a gradually expanding oriented structural member called GEOSM for short and analyze the experimental effects of exhaust volume. With the change of the operating rate, we can obtain the best size of the GEOSM. In order to collate and analyze the experimental data, test the experimental effects of the g GEOSM of different sizes. Not only the pressure of main and branch but also the wind speed of the branch is recorded in this paper. In six floors of 400*250 gradually expanding oriented structural member exhaust pipe system, the fan’s volume can completely meet the basic requirements of everyday life whether its volume is high-end or low-end. The effect of exhaust is obviously better than the other size of the GEOSM when the cross section width of the GEOSM is 150mm and the cross section length of the GEOSM is 250mm, the height of the GEOSM is 350mm.There arises more smoke down when the cross section width of the GEOSM is 150mm and the cross section length of the GEOSM is 300mm, the height of the GEOSM is 350mm

Numerical Analysis of a Fogging System in a Gas Turbine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy Jeanty ◽  
Jesús De Andrade ◽  
Sergio Croquer ◽  
Jorge Luis Clarembaux Correa ◽  
Miguel Asuaje
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Duct Geometry ◽  
Air Cooling System ◽  
Air Intake

Air cooling via evaporation of water droplets injected at the compressor intake duct is the process known as Fogging System, which is among the most used technologies for increasing output power of gas turbines nowadays. The optimal design of this system must consider numerous variables, such as: air temperature (Ta), air relative humidity (RH), duct geometry, amount of water injected (mw), droplets size (Dd), and nozzles location. Since there are so many variables the flow under study is very complicated. In consequence the analytical determination of an optimal Fogging System design is not feasible. In this paper, a numerical model was developed in order to characterize the injection of water at the air intake duct of a Gas Turbine. First, the expressions characterizing the model were included in the CFD software ANSYS CFX v-11 and simulated in a simple geometry (rectangular duct). Validation of CFD results was carried out by comparison with experimental data. Good agreement between numerical results of a control case and experimental data was achieved (deviation < 2%). Then, the influence of key parameters such as: Ta, RH, Dd, mw over the performance of the air cooling system was investigated. Finally, the model was used to design a Fogging System for an existing 120 MW Gas Turbine. For this gas turbine operating under real conditions, the model predicts a net power increment of 2% [7].

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