A Validated Open-Source Multisolver Fourth-Generation Composite Femur Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisdair R. MacLeod ◽  
Hannah Rose ◽  
Harinderjit S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Validation Data

Synthetic biomechanical test specimens are frequently used for preclinical evaluation of implant performance, often in combination with numerical modeling, such as finite-element (FE) analysis. Commercial and freely available FE packages are widely used with three FE packages in particular gaining popularity: abaqus (Dassault Systèmes, Johnston, RI), ansys (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA), and febio (University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT). To the best of our knowledge, no study has yet made a comparison of these three commonly used solvers. Additionally, despite the femur being the most extensively studied bone in the body, no freely available validated model exists. The primary aim of the study was primarily to conduct a comparison of mesh convergence and strain prediction between the three solvers (abaqus, ansys, and febio) and to provide validated open-source models of a fourth-generation composite femur for use with all the three FE packages. Second, we evaluated the geometric variability around the femoral neck region of the composite femurs. Experimental testing was conducted using fourth-generation Sawbones® composite femurs instrumented with strain gauges at four locations. A generic FE model and four specimen-specific FE models were created from CT scans. The study found that the three solvers produced excellent agreement, with strain predictions being within an average of 3.0% for all the solvers (r2 > 0.99) and 1.4% for the two commercial codes. The average of the root mean squared error against the experimental results was 134.5% (r2 = 0.29) for the generic model and 13.8% (r2 = 0.96) for the specimen-specific models. It was found that composite femurs had variations in cortical thickness around the neck of the femur of up to 48.4%. For the first time, an experimentally validated, finite-element model of the femur is presented for use in three solvers. This model is freely available online along with all the supporting validation data.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Crashworthiness Parameters of Mild Steel Square Tube under Quasi-Static Axial Compression

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinde Rushikesh ◽  
Mali Kiran ◽  
M. Kathiresan ◽  
Kulkarni Dhananjay
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Crash Behaviour

In the present research, an experimental and numerical study on the crush response of square tube is presented. The explicit Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in LS-DYNA software is carried out to simulate crash behaviour under the quasi-static test conditions. Compression load is applied quasi-statically in an experimental study on the square tube specimens using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). In quasi-static test the bottom platen speed used is 1 mm/min. From experimental testing symmetric collapse mode is observed in all deformed specimens. The development of the symmetric collapse mode in a Finite Element (FE) model is also observed. Thus fold formation and crush response predicted by FE analysis are observed to be in very good correlation with the results obtained from experimental testing. Furthermore, the effect of the thickness of tube on crashworthiness parameters is investigated. From the FE analysis, it is found that the thickness of the square tube influences significantly the crashworthiness parameters.

Finite element modeling and experimental testing of woven fabric based on a new instrument: simulative analysis of the compression property

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110563
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Gui Liu ◽  
Dongdong Lu ◽  
Xingxing Pan ◽  
Zhaoqun Du
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Compression Property ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
New Instrument

A multi-scale finite element (FE) model including a macro-scale instrument and fabric composed of meso-scale yarns is established so as to deeply understand the compression mechanism of woven fabrics based on the Quick-Intelligent Handle Evaluation System. The compression stress and strain of the fabric and its internal warp and weft yarns are revealed in the FE analysis, and a parameter study involving the friction coefficient, Young’s modulus, yarn spacing and crimp height is addressed to understand the fabric deformation. The results show that fabric parameters have a significant impact on the compression behavior, indicating that the compression performance of the fabric is limited by the nonlinear mechanical and geometric properties of the yarn. Moreover, by comparing the FE modeling and experimental testing, the FE model proved to be sufficient to simulate the compression response of the fabric, so as to predict the compression property based on actual or preset material properties.

Finite element analysis of tension-loaded ASTM A325 bolts under simulated fire loading

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18
Author(s):  
Ali Shrih ◽  
Adeeb Rahman ◽  
Mustafa Mahamid
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fire Loading ◽  
Simulated Fire

Purpose Nuts and bolts have been used as fasteners of steel structures for many years. However, these structures remain susceptible to fire damage. While conducting fire experiments on steel structures is sometimes necessary, to better understand their behavior, such experiments remain costly and require specialized equipment and testing facilities. This paper aims to present a highly accurate three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of ASTM A325 bolt subjected to tension loading under simulated fire conditions. The FE model is compared to the results of experimental testing for verification purposes and is proven to predict the response of similar bolts up to certain temperatures without the need for repeated testing. Design/methodology/approach A parametric 3D FE model simulating tested specimens was constructed in the ANSYS Workbench environment. The model included the intricate details of the bolt and nut threads, as well as all the other components of the specimens. A pretension load, a tension force and a heat profile were applied to the model, and a nonlinear analysis was performed to simulate the experiments. Findings The results of the FE model were in good agreement with the experimental results, deviations of results between experimental and FE results were within acceptable range. This should allow studying the behavior of structural bolts without the need for expensive testing. Originality/value Detailed 3D FE models have been created by the authors have been created to study the behavior of structural bolts and compared with experiments conducted by the authors.

Multi-Purpose Flexible Bodies Integration Into the Multi-Body System of a Metro-Vehicle

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Saporito ◽  
Alessandro Baroni ◽  
Mario Romani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Body System ◽  
Bogie Frame ◽  
Flexible Bodies ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
The Finite Element Model ◽  
Analytical Verification

The work points to study the effects of bodies flexibility concerning the Running Dynamics and Structural requirements and how such aspects could be integrated into a single design process of a mass transit vehicle in terms of Comfort, Safety, Track fatigue and Bogie-frame design. The multi-body system of the vehicle has been developed. The finite element model of the flexible bodies as car-body, wheel-set, bolster-beam and bogie-frame have been implemented. The critical but necessary step, in the integration process of the flexible body into a multi-body system, is the reduction of the finite element model of the body. For that reason an analytical verification in focused to validate the reduced FE-model with respect to the full FE-model has been thought, developed and implemented to provide a useful design tool; such an analytical verification aids the engineer to control and to optimize the reduction technique applied to the full-FE-model of the body. The validation procedure, which has been implemented, consists in developing an alter for the DMAP, Direct Matrix Abstraction Program of the FE-solver, and processing the output into a programming environment.

Numerical Wave Tanks Based on Finite Element and Boundary Element Modeling

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Eatock Taylor ◽  
G. X. Wu ◽  
W. Bai ◽  
Z. Z. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Element ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Transient Waves ◽  
Adaptive Mesh Generation ◽  
Nonlinear Diffraction

This work forms part of an investigation into the nonlinear interaction between steep (but not overturning) transient waves and flared structures, using a coupled finite element and boundary element model. The use of a coupled approach is based on consideration of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the finite element (FE) and boundary element (BE) methods when implemented separately (e.g., efficiency of computation versus complexity of adaptive mesh generation). A FE model can be used to advantage away from the body, where the domain is regular, and a BE discretization near the body where the moving mesh is complex. This paper describes the aspects of the FE and BE models which have been developed for this analysis, each based on the use of quadratic isoparametric elements implemented in a mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian formulation. Initially, the two approaches have been developed side by side, in order to ensure the use of robust components in the coupled formulation. Results from these methods are obtained for a series of test cases, including the interaction of an impulse wave with a circular cylinder in a circular tank, and nonlinear diffraction by a cylinder in a long tank.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical study of temperature field during hard facing of different carbon steels

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3 Part B) ◽  
pp. 2233-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Arsic ◽  
Ivana Ivanovic ◽  
Aleksandar Sedmak ◽  
Mirjana Lazic ◽  
Dragan Kalaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Element Method

In this research the 3-D transient non-linear thermal analysis of the hard-facing process was performed by using the experimental testing and finite element method. Testing was done at three different carbon steels and the obtained results were compared to one obtained by empirical formulas and welding recommendations. Experimental testing was done on hard faced specimens (plates) with different thickness. Temperatures and temperature cycles was measured by using thermocouples in order to determine maximal temperature and cooling time between 800?C and 500?C. After experimental testing the finite element method analysis was done. The simulations were executed on the open source platform Salome using the open source finite element solver Code Aster. The Gaussian double ellipsoid was selected in order to enable greater possibilities for the calculation of the moving heat source. The numerical results were compared with available experimental and mathematical results.

Numerical Wave Tanks Based on Finite Element and Boundary Element Modelling

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Eatock Taylor ◽  
G. X. Wu ◽  
W. Bai ◽  
Z. Z. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Element ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Linear Interaction ◽  
Adaptive Mesh Generation ◽  
Non Linear

This work forms part of an investigation into the non-linear interaction between steep transient waves and flared structures, using a coupled finite element and boundary element model. The use of a coupled approach is based on consideration of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the finite element (FE) and boundary element (BE) methods when implemented separately (e.g. efficiency of computation versus complexity of adaptive mesh generation). An FE model can be used to advantage away from the body, where the domain is regular, and a BE discretisation near the body where the moving mesh is complex. The paper describes aspects of the FE and BE models which have been developed for this analysis, each based on the use of quadratic isoparametric elements implemented in a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation. Initially the two approaches have been developed side by side, in order to ensure the use of robust components in the coupled formulation. Results from these methods are obtained for a series of test cases, including the interaction of an impulse wave with a circular cylinder in a circular tank, and non-linear diffraction by a cylinder in a long tank.

Development and Validation of a 2D/3D Finite Element Model of a Composite Hemipelvis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egleide Y. Elenes ◽  
Esra Roan ◽  
Ruxandra C. Marinescu ◽  
Haden A. Janda
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Composite Bone

The use of mechanical analogue composite bone models for a range of biomechanical analyses and testing procedures has grown rapidly since their introduction by Sawbones (Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc., Vashon, WA). The advantages of these composite bones over cadaveric human bones include less variability among specimens, ready availability, lower costs and ease of handling. The fourth generation of Sawbones is now commercially available, which include human femurs, tibiae, humeri and hemipelves. A number of these composite bone models have been mechanically evaluated, i.e. the femur and tibia models, but others such as the hemipelvis have been neglected. However, the composite hemipelvis has been used in several biomechanical research studies; therefore, mechanical validation of the hemipelvis is required. For this study, a robust finite element (FE) model was constructed to investigate the mechanical behavior of a composite left hemipelvis bone model. A computer tomography (CT) scan of the analogue was obtained to produce a computer aided volumetric model. This model was imported and discretized in ABAQUS (Simulia, Providence, RI). In order to reduce computational costs, two-dimensional (2D) shell elements were used to mesh the thin cortical bone layer, while the cancellous bone region was meshed with solid, three-dimensional (3D) tetrahedral elements. A series of FE tests were performed on various shell-solid element domains, to ensure the use of 2D shell elements to model the cortical layer. Once the shell-solid approach was confirmed, a FE model of the hemipelvis was constructed and validated against strain gauge data from quasi-static loading experiments. Three rosette strain gauges (Vishay Micro-Measurements, Raleigh, NC) were mounted on regions of interest along the pubic body, inferior ramus and ischium of the composite hemipelvis. The hemipelvis was fully restrained in a custom-built fixture while quasi-statically loaded using an MTS Mini Bionix II to control the application of 600 N (MTS Systems Corp, Eden Prairie, MN). Maximum and minimum principal strains were calculated from the strain gauge readings and compared to FE predictions of strain at the mounting location of the strain gauges.

The Study of Stress Distribution on Meniscus Using 3D Finite Element Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
Pavinee Laopachee ◽  
Pattaraweerin Woraratsoontorn ◽  
Joompondej Bamrungwongtaree
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
External Load ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Fe Model

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of articular cartilageand meniscus that most experience in aged and obesity, always tend to grow up. Such bone surface degenerated will beirregular and has bone to grow called osteophyte. At moment making activities, the pain and the deformation of the knee joint are occurred thatcause decreasing quality of life. The deterioratedmeniscus has to encountersgradually changing the structureuntil it is not able to support the body weight. This paper proposes the preliminary studyof the knee jointbehavior, especially the meniscus during stand. Three dimensions (3-D) finite element (FE) model of the knee joint has constructed. This model consisted of femur, tibiaand meniscus without fibula.The external load were determined in each body weight and appliedon femur to evaluate maximum von-mises stress on the meniscus.The stress distribution on meniscus always occurs while exist the external load on the femur. The tendency of association between the external load and maximumstress was corresponding to that of the other author.

scholarly journals Transverse Vibration of Viscoelastic Sandwich Structures: Finite Element Modeling and Experimental Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7751
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Huang ◽  
Jinbo Pan ◽  
Ziheng Yang ◽  
Xingguo Wang ◽  
Fulei Chu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Transverse Compression ◽  
Biot Model ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Viscoelastic Core

In the present work, the nonlinear vibration behavior of elastic-viscoelastic-elastic sandwich (EVES) beams is studied. A finite element (FE) equation taking intoaccount the transverse compression deformation of the viscoelastic core for the EVES beams is derived. In order toaccurately characterize the frequency-dependent feature of the viscoelastic materials layer, athird-order seven-parameter Biot model isused. A 2-node 8-DOF element is established to discretize the EVES beams. The experimental testing onEVES beams validates the numerical predication of the FE model. Numerical and analytical investigations are carried on a series of EVES beams with different thicknesses. The results indicate that the presented FE model has better accuracy in predicting the natural frequency of the sandwich beams, and in predicting damping, the accuracy is related to the thickness of each layer. The results of this paper have important reference values for the design and optimization of the viscoelastic sandwich structure.

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