scholarly journals Effectiveness of an Immersive Virtual Environment for Collaboration With Gesture Support Using Low-Cost Hardware

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Q. Coburn ◽  
John L. Salmon ◽  
Ian Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Remote Collaboration ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Collaborative Environment ◽  
3D Information

Since the advent of modern computer-aided design software, engineers have been divorced from the highly collaborative environment previously enjoyed. Today's highly complex designs require modern software tools and the realities of a global economy often constrain engineers to remote collaboration. These conditions make it highly impractical to collaborate locally around physical models. Various approaches to creating new collaboration tools and software, which alleviate these issues, have been tried previously. However, past solutions either used expensive hardware, which is not widely available, or used standard two-dimensional (2D) monitors to share three-dimensional (3D) information. Recently, new low-cost virtual reality (VR) hardware has been introduced, which creates a highly immersive 3D experience at a tiny fraction of the cost of previous hardware. This work demonstrates an immersive collaborative environment built using a network of this hardware, which allows users to interact with gestures virtually and conducts a study to show its advantages over traditional video conferencing software.

Fabrication of 3D Temperature Sensor Using Magnetostrictive Inkjet Printhead

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 50405-1-50405-5
Author(s):  
Young-Woo Park ◽  
Myounggyu Noh
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Nanoparticle Ink ◽  
Inkjet Printhead

Abstract Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has attracted much attention for creating objects of arbitrary shape and manufacturing. For the first time, in this work, we present the fabrication of an inkjet printed low-cost 3D temperature sensor on a 3D-shaped thermoplastic substrate suitable for packaging, flexible electronics, and other printed applications. The design, fabrication, and testing of a 3D printed temperature sensor are presented. The sensor pattern is designed using a computer-aided design program and fabricated by drop-on-demand inkjet printing using a magnetostrictive inkjet printhead at room temperature. The sensor pattern is printed using commercially available conductive silver nanoparticle ink. A moving speed of 90 mm/min is chosen to print the sensor pattern. The inkjet printed temperature sensor is demonstrated, and it is characterized by good electrical properties, exhibiting good sensitivity and linearity. The results indicate that 3D inkjet printing technology may have great potential for applications in sensor fabrication.

scholarly journals The Use of Gigapixel Photogrammetry for the Understanding of Landslide Processes in Alpine Terrain

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Romeo ◽  
Lucio Di Matteo ◽  
Daniel Kieffer ◽  
Grazia Tosi ◽  
Aurelio Stoppini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Sequences ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry ◽  
Experimental Application ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
3D Information

The work in this paper illustrates an experimental application for geosciences by coupling new and low cost photogrammetric techniques: Gigapixel and Structure-from-Motion (SfM). Gigapixel photography is a digital image composed of billions of pixels (≥1000 megapixels) obtained from a conventional Digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR), whereas the SfM technique obtains three-dimensional (3D) information from two-dimensional (2D) image sequences. The field test was carried out at the Ingelsberg slope (Bad Hofgastein, Austria), which hosts one of the most dangerous landslides in the Salzburg Land. The stereographic analysis carried out on the preliminary 3D model, integrated with Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (GBInSAR) data, allowed us to obtain the main fractures and discontinuities of the unstable rock mass.

scholarly journals Low cost digital fabrication approach for thumb orthoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Fernandez-Vicente ◽  
Ana Escario Chust ◽  
Andres Conejero
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel design workflow for the digital fabrication of custom-made orthoses (CMIO). It is intended to provide an easier process for clinical practitioners and orthotic technicians alike. It further functions to reduce the dependency of the operators’ abilities and skills. Design/methodology/approach The technical assessment covers low-cost three-dimensional (3D) scanning, free computer-aided design (CAD) software, and desktop 3D printing and acetone vapour finishing. To analyse its viability, a cost comparison was carried out between the proposed workflow and the traditional CMIO manufacture method. Findings The results show that the proposed workflow is a technically feasible and cost-effective solution to improve upon the traditional process of design and manufacture of custom-made static trapeziometacarpal (TMC) orthoses. Further studies are needed for ensuring a clinically feasible approach and for estimating the efficacy of the method for the recovery process in patients. Social implications The feasibility of the process increases the impact of the study, as the great accessibility to this type of 3D printers makes the digital fabrication method easier to be adopted by operators. Originality/value Although some research has been conducted on digital fabrication of CMIO, few studies have investigated the use of desktop 3D printing in any systematic way. This study provides a first step in the exploration of a new design workflow using low-cost digital fabrication tools combined with non-manual finishing.

Reverse Engineering Physical Models Employing Wrap-Around B-Spline Surfaces and Quadrics

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Weir ◽  
M J Milroy ◽  
C Bradley ◽  
G W Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Fitting ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
B Spline

Reverse engineering involves digitizing a three-dimensional model or part, by means of a tactile or non-contact optical sensor, converting the data to a CAD (computer aided design) database description and manufacturing by CNC (computer numerical controlled) machines. This paper demonstrates an effective approach to the reverse engineering of physical models by employing a three-dimensional laser scanning system in conjunction with surface-fitting software developed by the authors. Accurate surface data are collected by the laser scanner and then input to the surface-fitting software. Surface entities such as B-spline and quadric functions are employed to build the CAD model. The CAD model is compatible with popular design and manufacturing software packages. A telephone receiver is used to illustrate the efficiency of the process.

Serial sections and stereoscopy-complementary approaches to three-dimensional reconstruction

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 36-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Russ ◽  
Thomas M. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Transparent Material ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Computer Equipment ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Modelling of three-dimensional structures, either for purposes of geometrical measurement (eg. volume, surface area) or as an aid to visualization, has traditionally been carried out by a variety of different methods. Biologists, who are usually able to conveniently cut sections through their specimens, often make use of serial sections for this purpose. The most common interpretation of serial section photos has been by printing micrographs on transparent material, aligning them, and stacking them up. Occasionally, physical models of lucite, wood, clay or styrofoam have been constructed using the prints as templates, and with the advent of modern computer equipment, some digitization of the sections and their subsequent viewing or plotting with any viewpoint and orientation has enabled researchers to better see the structures represented. There has even been limited use of stereoscopy, that is, producing plots or on-screen color images of the feature outlines from two different viewpoints which can be visually merged to produce the illusion of relief.

Use of three-dimensional printing for simulation in ultrasound education: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2020-000663
Author(s):  
Patrick Gallagher ◽  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Gillian Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Ultrasound Education ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Printing

BackgroundThere is a significant learning curve when teaching ultrasonography to medical trainees; task trainers can help learners to bridge this gap and develop their skills. Three-dimensional printing technology has the potential to be a great tool in the development of such simulators. ObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to identify what 3D-printed models have been used in ultrasound education to date, how they were created and the pros and limitations involved.DesignResearchers searched three online databases to identify 3D-printed ultrasound models used in medical education.ResultsTwelve suitable publications were identified for inclusion in this review. The models from included articles simulated largely low frequency and/or high stakes events, with many models simulating needle guidance procedures. Most models were created by using patient imaging data and a computer-aided design software to print structures directly or print casting molds. The benefits of 3D-printed educational trainers are their low cost, reproducibility, patient specificity and accuracy. The current limitations of this technology are upfront investments and a lack of optimisation of materials.ConclusionsThe use of 3D-printed ultrasound task trainers is in its infancy, and more research is needed to determine whether or not this technology will benefit medical learners in the future.

scholarly journals The Virtues of Virtual Products

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (06) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Ghee
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Interactive Product ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Aided Design

Manufacturing and engineering companies around the world are building virtual products that can communicate across the barriers of time, distance, discipline, and culture. Interactive-product-simulation (IPS) technology complements the processes used to create three-dimensional geometry. IPS software leverages a company's investment in computer-aided design (CAD) design by providing earlier access to prototypes, faster updates than with physical models, enterprise-wide distribution of information in an easy-to-understand format, support for existing processes, and long-term value that extends beyond the finalization of product designs. IPS provides real-time interaction via the virtual product-a simulated version of the final functioning design that can include functional simulations, animations, mechanisms, and simulated humans or ‘manikins.’ IPS has many applications in the concept phase, where one of the most critical challenges for manufacturers is the economic evaluation and frequent review of multiple high-level concepts and configurations. PS enables engineers, manufacturing and maintenance staff, and even customers to visualize and operate complex virtual products so that they can improve the designs' manufacturability, ergonomics, and maintainability.

scholarly journals 3D Reconstruction of Exposed Underground Utilities Using Photogrammetric Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wensong Hu
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lookup Table ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Underground Utilities ◽  
3D Information

This thesis addresses the topic of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of exposed underground utilities using photogrammetric methods. Research on this topic is mainly motivated by the need for improved information on the location of underground utilities and, thus, to provide reliable information for the management of buried assets. In this thesis, a system of photogrammetric software programs is developed for 3D reconstruction of underground utilities. Camera calibration programs are used for computing interior elements and lens distortion coefficients of digital cameras and saving them in a lookup table (LUT). The accuracy of calibrated image coordinates satisfies the photogrammetric processing demand. An automatic image point detection method is proposed and achieved in these programs. External orientation programs are used for calculating exterior elements of the digital images. Based on geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) techniques, a new ground control points (GCPs) collection method is proposed and implemented in these programs. A 3D reconstruction program provides corresponding functions to obtain and edit 3D information of underground utilities. Epipolar lines are employed as an assisting tool that helps operators easily find homologous points from different digital images. The study results indicate that photogrammetric methods for reconstructing 3D information of underground utilities are effective and low cost.

The development of a low-cost three-dimensional printed shoulder, arm, and hand prostheses for children

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M Zuniga ◽  
Adam M Carson ◽  
Jean M Peck ◽  
Thomas Kalina ◽  
Rakesh M Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shoulder Prosthesis ◽  
Main Function ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Aided Design

Background and aim: The prosthetic options for higher level amputees are limited and costly. Advancements in computer-aided design programs and three-dimensional printing offer the possibility of designing and manufacturing transitional prostheses at very low cost. The aim of this project was to describe an inexpensive three-dimensional printed mechanical shoulder prosthesis to assist a pre-selected subject in performing bi-manual activities. Technique: The main function of the body-powered, manually adjusted three-dimensional printed shoulder prosthesis is to provide a cost-effective, highly customized transitional device to individuals with congenital or acquired forequarter amputations. Discussion: After testing the prototype on a young research participant, a partial correction of the patient’s spinal deviation was noted due to the counterweight of the device. The patient’s family also reported improved balance and performance of some bimanual activities after 2 weeks of using the device. Limitations of the design include low grip strength and low durability. Clinical relevance The prosthetic options for higher level amputees are limited and costly. The low-cost three-dimensional printed shoulder prosthesis described in this study can be used as a transitional device in preparation for a more sophisticated shoulder prosthesis.

scholarly journals Evaluating Feature Extraction Methods with Synthetic Noise Patterns for Image-Based Modelling of Texture-Less Objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3886
Author(s):  
Jahanzeb Hafeez ◽  
Jaehyun Lee ◽  
Soonchul Kwon ◽  
Sungjae Ha ◽  
Gitaek Hur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Vision Sensors ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Information

Image-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is a process of extracting 3D information from an object or entire scene while using low-cost vision sensors. A structure-from-motion coupled with multi-view stereo (SFM-MVS) pipeline is a widely used technique that allows 3D reconstruction from a collection of unordered images. The SFM-MVS pipeline typically comprises different processing steps, including feature extraction and feature matching, which provide the basis for automatic 3D reconstruction. However, surfaces with poor visual texture (repetitive, monotone, etc.) challenge the feature extraction and matching stage and affect the quality of reconstruction. The projection of image patterns while using a video projector during the image acquisition process is a well-known technique that has been shown to be successful for such surfaces. In this study, we evaluate the performance of different feature extraction methods on texture-less surfaces with the application of synthetically generated noise patterns (images). Seven state-of-the-art feature extraction methods (HARRIS, Shi-Tomasi, MSER, SIFT, SURF, KAZE, and BRISK) are evaluated on problematic surfaces in two experimental phases. In the first phase, the 3D reconstruction of real and virtual planar surfaces evaluates image patterns while using all feature extraction methods, where the patterns with uniform histograms have the most suitable morphological features. The best performing pattern from Phase One is used in Phase Two experiments in order to recreate a polygonal model of a 3D printed object using all of the feature extraction methods. The KAZE algorithm achieved the lowest standard deviation and mean distance values of 0.0635 mm and −0.00921 mm, respectively.

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