Evolution of Gases from the Pyrolysis of Raw and Torrefied Biomass and from the Oxy-combustion of their Bio-Chars

Abstract The current research assessed the evolution of gases from pyrolysis of biomass and from subsequent combustion of bio-chars. Raw and torrefied biomass was pyrolyzed in nitrogen or carbon dioxide under high heating rates (104 K/s) and high temperatures (1450 K). Pyrolyzates gases were monitored for carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides. Subsequently, generated bio-chars were burned in both conventional (air) and simulated oxy-combustion (O2/CO2) gases. In principle, oxy-combustion of renewable biomass coupled with carbon capture and utilization/sequestration can help remove atmospheric CO2. Pyrolysis of biomass in CO2 generated lower char yields, lower SO2 and NO, and higher CO2, CO and HCN mole fractions, compared to pyrolysis in N2. HCN was the most prominent among all measured nitrogen-bearing gases (HCN, NH3, NO) from biomass pyrolysis. Compared to their combustion in air, bio-chars burned more effectively in 30%O2/79%CO2 and less effectively in 21%O2/79%CO2. Emissions of CO were the lowest in 21%O2/79%CO2. Emissions of HCN were the highest in air combustion, and decreased with increasing O2 mole fraction in oxy-combustion; emissions of NO were highest in 30%O2/79%CO2, and emissions of NO were dominant during bio-char oxy-combustion compared with other N-compounds. In oxy-combustion bio-chars released the lowest emissions of SO2. Finally, the emissions of CO, NO, HCN, and SO2 from combustion of DDGS bio-chars were higher than those from RH bio-chars, because of different physicochemical properties.

Download Full-text

Emissions From Oxy-Combustion of Raw and Torrefied Biomass

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4047330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoxiao Meng ◽

Emad Rokni ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

Hongliang Qi ◽

Rui Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Global Warming ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Gas Composition ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

So2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Capture And Utilization ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Torrefied Biomass

Abstract This work assesses the evolution of acid gases from raw and torrefied biomass (distiller’s dried grains with solubles and rice husk) combustion in conventional (air) and simulated oxy-combustion (oxygen/carbon dioxide) environments. Emphasis was placed on the latter, as oxy-combustion of renewable or waste biomass, coupled with carbon capture and utilization or sequestration, could be a benefit toward mitigating global warming. The oxy-combustion environments were set to 21%O2/79%CO2 and 30%O2/70%CO2. Results revealed that combustion of either raw or torrefied biomass generated CO2 emissions that were lower in 21%O2/79%CO2 than at 30%O2/70%CO2, whereas CO emissions exhibited the opposite trend. Emissions of CO from combustion in air were drastically lower than those in the two oxy-combustion environments and those in 21%O2/79%CO2 were the highest. Emissions of NO followed the same trend as those of CO2, while HCN emissions followed the same trend as those of CO. Emissions of NO were higher than those of HCN. The emissions of SO2 were lower in oxy-combustion than in air combustion. Moreover, combustion of torrefied biomass generated higher CO2 and NO, comparable CO and SO2, and lower HCN emissions than combustion of raw biomass. Out of the three conditions tested in this study, oxy-combustion of biomass, either in the raw and torrefied state, attained the highest combustion effectiveness and caused the lowest CO, HCN, and SO2 emissions when the gas composition was 30%O2/70%CO2.

Download Full-text

The Role of Carbon Capture and Utilization, Carbon Capture and Storage, and Biomass to Enable a Net-Zero-CO2 Emissions Chemical Industry

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ◽

10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (15) ◽

pp. 7033-7045 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Paolo Gabrielli ◽

Matteo Gazzani ◽

Marco Mazzotti

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Carbon Capture And Utilization ◽

Net Zero ◽

And Storage

Download Full-text

Char Oxidation of Torrefied Biomass at High Temperatures and High Heating Rates

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.1175 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 582-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Li ◽

Giorgio Bonvicini ◽

Xiaolei Zhang ◽

Weihong Yang ◽

Leonardo Tognotti

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Torrefied Biomass ◽

High Heating ◽

Char Oxidation

Download Full-text

Understanding of Blast Furnace Performance with Biomass Introduction

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11020157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Joel Orre ◽

Lena Sundqvist Ökvist ◽

Axel Bodén ◽

Bo Björkman

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Direct Reduction ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Model Calculations ◽

Furnace Performance ◽

Blast Furnace Performance ◽

Torrefied Biomass

The blast furnace still dominates the production and supply of metallic units for steelmaking. Coke and coal used in the blast furnace contribute substantially to CO2 emissions from the steel sector. Therefore, blast furnace operators are making great efforts to lower the fossil CO2 emissions and transition to fossil-free steelmaking. In previous studies the use of pre-treated biomass has been indicated to have great potential to significantly lower fossil CO2 emissions. Even negative CO2 emission can be achieved if biomass is used together with carbon capture and storage. Blast furnace conditions will change at substantial inputs of biomass but can be defined through model calculations when using a model calibrated with actual operational data to define the key blast furnace performance parameters. To understand the effect, the modelling results for different biomass cases are evaluated in detail and the overall performance is visualised in Rist- and carbon direct reduction rate (CDRR) diagrams. In this study injection of torrefied biomass or charcoal, top charging of charcoal as well as the use of a combination of both methods are evaluated in model calculations. It was found that significant impact on the blast furnace conditions by the injection of 142 kg/tHM of torrefied biomass could be counteracted by also top-charging 30 kg/tHM of charcoal. With combined use of the latter methods, CO2-emissions can be potentially reduced by up to 34% with moderate change in blast furnace conditions and limited investments.

Download Full-text

Comparing fast inductive tempering and conventional tempering: Effects on microstructure and mechanical properties

Metallurgical Research & Technology ◽

10.1051/metal/2018015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (4) ◽

pp. 407 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Annika Eggbauer Vieweg ◽

Gerald Ressel ◽

Peter Raninger ◽

Petri Prevedel ◽

Stefan Marsoner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Impact Energy ◽

Charpy Impact ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Processing Route ◽

High Heating Rate ◽

Heating Rates ◽

High Heating ◽

Tempering Treatment ◽

Carbide Distribution

Induction heating processes are of rising interest within the heat treating industry. Using inductive tempering, a lot of production time can be saved compared to a conventional tempering treatment. However, it is not completely understood how fast inductive processes influence the quenched and tempered microstructure and the corresponding mechanical properties. The aim of this work is to highlight differences between inductive and conventional tempering processes and to suggest a possible processing route which results in optimized microstructures, as well as desirable mechanical properties. Therefore, the present work evaluates the influencing factors of high heating rates to tempering temperatures on the microstructure as well as hardness and Charpy impact energy. To this end, after quenching a 50CrMo4 steel three different induction tempering processes are carried out and the resulting properties are subsequently compared to a conventional tempering process. The results indicate that notch impact energy raises with increasing heating rates to tempering when realizing the same hardness of the samples. The positive effect of high heating rate on toughness is traced back to smaller carbide sizes, as well as smaller carbide spacing and more uniform carbide distribution over the sample.

Download Full-text

Current and Future Perspectives on Catalytic-based Integrated Carbon Capture and Utilization

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148081 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 148081

Author(s):

Muhammad Ashraf Sabri ◽

Samar Al Jitan ◽

Daniel Bahamon ◽

Lourdes F. Vega ◽

Giovanni Palmisano

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Carbon Capture And Utilization

Download Full-text

H2-CO2 polymer electrolyte fuel cell that generates power while evolving CH4 at the Pt0.8Ru0.2/C cathode

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87841-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shofu Matsuda ◽

Yuuki Niitsuma ◽

Yuta Yoshida ◽

Minoru Umeda

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Electric Power ◽

Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽

Cell Temperature ◽

Faradaic Efficiency ◽

Carbon Capture And Utilization ◽

Electrode Potentials ◽

A Cell

AbstractGenerating electric power using CO2 as a reactant is challenging because the electroreduction of CO2 usually requires a large overpotential. Herein, we report the design and development of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell driven by feeding H2 and CO2 to the anode (Pt/C) and cathode (Pt0.8Ru0.2/C), respectively, based on their theoretical electrode potentials. Pt–Ru/C is a promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction at a low overpotential; consequently, CH4 is continuously produced through CO2 reduction with an enhanced faradaic efficiency (18.2%) and without an overpotential (at 0.20 V vs. RHE) was achieved when dilute CO2 is fed at a cell temperature of 40 °C. Significantly, the cell generated electric power (0.14 mW cm−2) while simultaneously yielding CH4 at 86.3 μmol g−1 h−1. These results show that a H2-CO2 fuel cell is a promising technology for promoting the carbon capture and utilization (CCU) strategy.

Download Full-text