scholarly journals Gas-Turbine Rotary Regenerator: Design and Development of Prototype Unit for 3000-HP Plant

1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Hammond ◽  
T. C. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Air Preheater ◽  
Prototype Test ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

To exploit the regenerative gas-turbine cycle to the fullest possible extent requires an extremely high degree of heat exchange. Presently, the rotary heat exchanger is the only type which can be designed with the high thermal effectiveness necessary and yet remain practical from a size and cost standpoint. The mechanical nature of the rotary heat exchanger is such, however, that some leakage of high-pressure fluid to the low-pressure side will always occur. The fact that in the past this leakage could not be held to workable values has prevented commercial acceptance of this type unit. Consequently, The Air Preheater Corporation set up an intensive program aimed at developing an acceptable sealing means which would remove this one objection to an otherwise highly desirable piece of equipment. While this development program, at time of writing, is far from complete, results to-date have indicated that sealing of the rotary design can be accomplished, and based on quantity production, costs of a turbine plant equipped with a rotary heat exchanger would be attractive commercially. Included in the development program was the design and construction of a prototype unit for a 3000 hp turbine plant. While erection of the prototype unit is complete, no testing has been done at time of writing. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the advantages of the regenerative cycle, generally, and more specifically, to show why the rotary type is most promising, particularly in the high effectiveness range. In addition, certain data pertaining to the design of the prototype unit are also presented. A future report will present results obtained from the prototype test program.

The Evaporative Gas Turbine [EGT] Cycle

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Horlock
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Humidification of the flow through a gas turbine has been proposed in a variety of forms. The STIG plant involves the generation of steam by the gas turbine exhaust in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and its injection into or downstream of the combustion chamber. This increases the mass flow through the turbine and the power output from the plant, with a small increase in efficiency. In the evaporative gas turbine (or EGT) cycle, water is injected in the compressor discharge in a regenerative gas turbine cycle (a so-called CBTX plant—compressor [C], burner [B], turbine [T], heat exchanger [X]); the air is evaporatively cooled before it enters the heat exchanger. While the addition of water increases the turbine mass flow and power output, there is also apparent benefit in reducing the temperature drop in the exhaust stack. In one variation of the basic EGT cycle, water is also added downstream of the evaporative aftercooler, even continuously in the heat exchanger. There are several other variations on the basic cycle (e.g., the cascaded humidified advanced turbine [CHAT]). The present paper analyzes the performance of the EGT cycle. The basic thermodynamics are first discussed, and related to the cycle analysis of a dry regenerative gas turbine plant. Subsequently some detailed calculations of EGT cycles are presented. The main purpose of the work is to seek the optimum pressure ration in the EGT cycle for given constraints (e.g., fixed maximum to minimum temperature). It is argued that this optimum has a relatively low value.

The Potential Danger of Fire in Gas Turbine Heat Exchangers

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Increased emphasis is being placed on the regenerative gas turbine cycle, and the utilization of waste heat recovery systems, for improved thermal efficiency. For such systems there are modes of engine operation, where it is possible for a metal fire to occur in the exhaust heat exchanger. This paper is intended as an introduction to the subject, more from an engineering, than metallurgical standpoint, and includes a description of a series of simple tests to acquire an understanding of the problem for a particular application. Some engine operational procedures, and design features, aimed at minimizing the costly and dangerous occurrence of gas turbine heat exchanger fires, are briefly mentioned.

Thermodynamic Study of Humid Air Gas Turbine Cycle Power Plants

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yadav ◽  
P. Sreedhar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Thermodynamic Study ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The major challenges before the design engineers of a gas turbine plant and its variants are the enhancement of power output, substantial reduction in NOx emission and improvement in plant thermal efficiency. There are various possibilities to achieve these objectives and humid air gas turbine cycle power plant is one of them. The present study deals with the thermodynamic study of humid air gas turbine cycle power plants based on first law. Using the modeling and governing equations, the parametric study has been carried out. The results obtained will be helpful in designing the humid air gas turbines, which are used as peaking units. The comparison of performance of humid air gas turbine cycle shows that it is superior to basic gas turbine cycle but inferior and more complex to steam injected cycle.

A Solar Gas Turbine Cycle With Super-Critical Carbon Dioxide as a Working Fluid

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoaki Utamura ◽  
Yutaka Tamaura
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Regenerative Heat ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Solar thermal power generation system equipped with molten salt thermal storage offers continuous operation at a rated power independent of the variation of insolation. A gas turbine cycle for solar applications is studied which works in a moderate temperature range (600–850K) where molten salt stays as liquid stably. It is found that a closed cycle with super-critical state of carbon dioxide as a working fluid is a promising candidate for solar application. The cycle featured in smaller compressor work would achieve high cycle efficiency if cycle configuration and operation conditions are chosen properly. The temperature effectiveness of a regenerative heat exchanger is shown to govern the efficiency. Under the condition of 98% temperature effectiveness, the regenerative cycle with pre- and inter-cooling provides cycle efficiency of as much as 47%. A novel heat exchanger design to realize such a high temperature effectiveness is also presented.

A Cost-Effective Indirect Coal-Fired Gas Turbine Power and Water-From-Air Cycle

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Trumpler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Steam Plant ◽  
Plant Capacity

An ideal open gas turbine cycle with multiple-stage intercooled compression and multiple-stage reheat expansion theoretically approaches Carnot thermal efficiency. A proposed practicable process to utilize this cycle with indirect firing of coal as fuel, with an air heater in place of the boiler, a turbine inlet temperature of 1700°F (927°C) and top pressure of 788 psia (53.6 atm) gives promise of lowering power plant station heat rates (HHV) from 8970 Btu/kWh currently realized by the best scrubber-equipped coal fired steam plants to 7460, a reduction of 16.8% in fuel consumption and consequently the cost of flue gas scrubbers. In addition, a 316 MW plant delivers at rated output 130,000 gal per day water stripped from atmospheric air. Primarily because of an expensive air heater and regenerator the gas turbine plant is penalized by an estimated increase in initial cost from $1000/kW for a steam plant to $1433/kW. With coal priced at $3/million Btu, water selling at 2¢/gal, money at 8% interest, inflation at 5%, and an 81% plant capacity factor, the payback period is 17 years.

Study on Primary and Secondary Heat-Transport Systems for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Igor Pioro ◽  
Glenn Harvel ◽  
Brian Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Steam Cycle

One of the current engineering challenges is to design next generation (Generation IV) Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) with significantly higher thermal efficiencies (43–55%) compared to those of current NPPs to match or at least to be close to the thermal efficiencies reached at fossil-fired power plants (55–62%). The Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is one of the six concepts considered under the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) initiative. The BN-600 reactor is a sodium-cooled fast-breeder reactor built at the Beloyarsk NPP in Russia. This concept is the only one from the Generation IV nuclear-power reactors, which is actually in operation (since 1980’s). At the secondary side, it uses a subcritical-pressure Rankine-steam cycle with heat regeneration. The reactor generates electrical power in the amount of 600 MWel. The reactor core dimensions are 0.75 m (height) by 2.06 m (diameter). The UO2 fuel enriched to 17–26% is utilized in the core. There are 2 loops (circuits) for sodium flow. For safety reasons, sodium is used both in the primary and the intermediate circuits. Therefore, a sodium-to-sodium heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from the primary loop to the intermediate one. In this work major parameters of the reactor are listed. The actual scheme of the power-conversion heat-transport system is presented; and the results of the calculation of thermal efficiency of this scheme are analyzed. Details of the heat-transport system, including parameters of the sodium-to-sodium heat exchanger and main coolant pump, are presented. In this paper two possibilities for the SFR in terms of the power-conversion cycle are investigated: 1. a subcritical-pressure Rankine-steam cycle through a heat exchanger (current approach in Russian and Japanese power reactors); 2. a supercritical-pressure CO2 Brayton gas-turbine cycle through a heat exchanger (US approach). With the advent of modern super-alloys, the Rankine-steam cycle has progressed into the supercritical region of the coolant and is generating thermal efficiencies into the mid 50% range. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of a supercritical Rankine-steam cycle is also briefly discussed in this paper. According to GIF, the Brayton gas-turbine cycle is under consideration for future nuclear power reactors. The supercritical-CO2 cycle is a new approach in the Brayton gas-turbine cycle. Therefore, dependence of the thermal efficiency of this SC CO2 cycle on inlet parameters of the gas turbine is also investigated.

scholarly journals The Gas Turbine Heat Exchanger in the Fluidized Bed Combustor

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Holt ◽  
A. A. Boiarski ◽  
H. E. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Technical Effort ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

In a current research and development program a coal fired atmospheric fluidized bed combustor is being designed to supply the heat to a closed cycle gas turbine cogeneration system. The major technical effort is directed towards the design of the in-bed heat exchanger, which is required to operate near bed temperature. This high temperature (850 C) exposes the heat exchanger tubes to potentially severe sulfidation. The corrosion behavior depends upon the intimate details of the bed environment and may be related to the occurrence of localized areas of low oxygen partial pressure and high sulfur partial pressure. This paper describes a series of measurements of oxygen partial pressure at various locations within a fluidized bed. The bed, containing densely packed heat exchanger tubes, was operated under various conditions to observe the effect of coal mixing and devolatilization on local oxygen activity. Substantial variations of oxygen partial pressure (below 10−14 atmospheres) were observed. It was noted that these locally severe variations could be substantially modified by changes in coal mixing (as through coal port design). The experiments with varying coal size suggest that rapid devolatilization is desirable and would reduce the extent of locally corrosive environments.

A Comparison of Different Gas Turbine Concepts Using Biomass Fuel

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro B. Ferreira ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Marco A. R. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Design And Construction

This paper aims to assess the performance of the Externally Fired Gas Turbine cycle (EFGT) and a variant, ICEFGT (InterCooled Externally Fired Gas Turbine), and Biomass Integrated Gasification Intercooled Recuperated cycle (BIG/ICR), all using biomass as fuel – solid in the EFGT cases and gasified in the BIG/ICR cycle. The results are compared with the performance of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Gas Turbine (BIG/GT), as a representative of the most common use of biomass in gas turbine cycles. The energy and exergy analysis detailed here shows that if the challenges of the design and construction of the heat exchanger can be met, the externally fired cycles show great promise.

The Optimum Pressure Ratio for a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Plant

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Horlock
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

A graphical method of calculating the performance of gas turbine cycles, developed by Hawthorne and Davis (1), is adapted to determine the pressure ratio of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant which will give maximum overall efficiency. The results of this approximate analysis show that the optimum pressure ratio is less than that for maximum efficiency in the higher level (gas turbine) cycle but greater than that for maximum specific work in that cycle. Introduction of reheat into the higher cycle increases the pressure ratio required for maximum overall efficiency.

The Regenerative Heat Exchanger for Gas-turbine Power-plant

1950 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cox ◽  
R. K. P. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Regenerative Heat ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Rotary Disk ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant ◽  
Transfer Properties

The desirability of using a heat exchanger to improve the efficiency of gas-turbine plant of moderate gas temperatures and pressure-ratios has often to be considered in relation to the large space requirement and cost involved in the installation of a unit of the normal tubular type. This lecture shows that the possibilities of reducing the- bulk of the heat exchanger lie mainly in the use of passages of small diameter and length. The potentialities of the regenerative type of heat exchanger, and the requirements which have to be met if a practical unit working on this principle is to be achieved, are examined. It is thought that the most practical form of regenerator is one employing a rotating heat-exchanging element, and a stationary seal system to prevent the loss of high-pressure air; the relative merits of units of this type are discussed. The main problem to be overcome is that of developing an efficient and reliable sealing system. Work at the National Gas Turbine Establishment on a rotary-disk regenerator to study the sealing and general mechanical problems is described, together with the results of tests made on a smaller unit built to determine the heat-transfer properties of heat-exchanging elements of the flame-trap type.

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