Design and Selection of Safe Water Supply Solutions for Emerging Regions: A Demography Based Demand Driven Approach

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaiful Arif ◽  
Zahed Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Selection Of

Due to global climate change, increase in pollution along with reduced quantity of drinking water compared to the total volume of water, the scarcity of potable water is declining gradually. Researchers have become increasingly interested in efficient design of treatment processes, but, there is a lack of research to investigate appropriate, applicable, low cost and simple water treatment processes for underprivileged communities. Providing safe drinking water in these communities is more challenging due to limitation of resources and infrastructure. In this paper we developed a mathematical foundation of Demography Based Demand Driven (DBDD) approach to capture and identify design alternatives (combination of different treatment processes). The developed approach assists to identify, extract, categorize, and compare water related attributes associated with a community and mapped onto source model to identify and select a set of feasible treatment processes. A case study for a community of a rural village in emerging regions of Honduras is modeled and the approach presented in this paper is implemented to design and select feasible service solutions.

Traffic Impact Area Detection and Spatiotemporal Influence Assessment for Disaster Reduction Based on Social Media: A Case Study of the 2018 Beijing Rainstorm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Tengfei Yang ◽  
Jibo Xie ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Naixia Mou ◽  
Cuiju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Traffic Impact ◽  
Disaster Data

The abnormal change in the global climate has increased the chance of urban rainstorm disasters, which greatly threatens people’s daily lives, especially public travel. Timely and effective disaster data sources and analysis methods are essential for disaster reduction. With the popularity of mobile devices and the development of network facilities, social media has attracted widespread attention as a new source of disaster data. The characteristics of rich disaster information, near real-time transmission channels, and low-cost data production have been favored by many researchers. These researchers have used different methods to study disaster reduction based on the different dimensions of information contained in social media, including time, location and content. However, current research is not sufficient and rarely combines specific road condition information with public emotional information to detect traffic impact areas and assess the spatiotemporal influence of these areas. Thus, in this paper, we used various methods, including natural language processing and deep learning, to extract the fine-grained road condition information and public emotional information contained in social media text to comprehensively detect and analyze traffic impact areas during a rainstorm disaster. Furthermore, we proposed a model to evaluate the spatiotemporal influence of these detected traffic impact areas. The heavy rainstorm event in Beijing, China, in 2018 was selected as a case study to verify the validity of the disaster reduction method proposed in this paper.

scholarly journals Strategies for Monitoring Multiuse Trail Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2644 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Lindsey ◽  
Jeffrey S. Wilson ◽  
Jueyu Wang ◽  
Tracy Hadden-Loh
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Facility Planning ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
Selection Of

Many municipalities, park districts, and nonprofit organizations have begun monitoring nonmotorized traffic on multiuse trails as the need for information about the use of facilities has grown and relatively low-cost sensors for automated monitoring have become available. As they have gained experience, they have begun to move from site-specific monitoring on individual trails to a more comprehensive monitoring of trail networks. This case study review compares strategies developed by 10 organizations for monitoring traffic on multiuse trails, including local, multicounty, statewide, and multistate trail networks. The focus is on approaches to the design of monitoring networks, particularly the rationales or objectives for monitoring and the selection of monitoring sites. It is shown that jurisdictions are following principles of monitoring established by FHWA and that the design of monitoring networks is evolving to meet new challenges, including monitoring large-scale networks. Relevant outcomes and implications for practice are summarized. The researchers concluded that FHWA guidelines can be adapted to many circumstances and can increase information for decision making. Trail monitoring is informing decisions related to facility planning, investment, and safety.

Multi-criteria analysis applied to the selection of drinking water sources in developing countries: a case study of Cali, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Gutiérrez ◽  
Luis Germán Delgado ◽  
Doris van Halem ◽  
Peter Wessels ◽  
Luuk C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Guaranteeing a safe and continuous drinking water supply for the city of Cali, Colombia, has become a concern for the water company of Cali, the environmental authorities, universities, and entities involved in the water resource. The progressive deterioration of the city's water sources has led to a search for future water sources and/or technologies in order to ensure high water quality standards at minimal costs. This paper describes a variety of problems occurring in the current water supply system in Cali and gives a description of the alternatives that have been considered to solve these problems in the past decades. Multi-criteria analysis was applied to assess alternatives for safe drinking supplies, demonstrating their suitability during the decision-making process when constraints arise due to political, community and institutional interests.

Taste and odour issues in South Korea's drinking water industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.U. Bae ◽  
H.S. Shin ◽  
J.J. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
The South ◽  
Downstream Location ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Supply Systems

This paper reviews taste and odour (T&O) issues of South Korea's water industry. For this purpose, an overview of the water supply systems and drinking water standards is presented and some results from citizen surveys for customer satisfaction are included. A case study is presented in which the water intake was shifted from inside a main reservoir to a downstream location due to T&O problems. It is true that the South Korean water industry has long relied on the tolerance of consumers for periodic T&O events. Recently the South Korean water industry has become aware that the T&O problems are at the centre of consumers' concerns and has taken several positive approaches. These include monitoring T&O events using sensory and instrumental methods, installation of a baffled-channel PAC contactor and application of advanced water treatment processes.

scholarly journals &#8220;OLD AND LOW-COST SENSOR&#8221; FOR MICROPHOTOGRAMMETRY. CASE STUDY: THE EMPEROR <i>MAXIMIANUS HERCULEUS</i>&#8217; MEDALLION AT THE CORRER MUSEUM (VENICE)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
S. Berto ◽  
G. Salemi
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Visual Computing ◽  
Structured Light Scanner ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The microphotogrammetric survey of the roman emperor Maximianus Herculeus’ medallion, described in this report, demonstrated that, despite the use of an “old” and, nowadays, “low cost” camera sensor it is still possible to obtain a detailed 3D textured model useful for different scientific purposes and virtual enhancement. Here are presented the photogrammetric results reached with the selection of the best solutions in terms of number of images, in order to speed up the entire photogrammetric workflow and pursue the goals previously explained. This medallion is one of the most important examples of roman medallions which belongs to the numismatic collection stored at the Correr Museum in Venice. Its 3D survey was developed as a parallel step of a main project which aims to acquire in three-dimensions, with a structured light scanner, the complete roman collection of medallions. This digitization project proposes to record the volumetric information of these small archaeological remains and to realize an online virtual gallery in the web site of the museum (using 3DHOP, an open source web viewer developed by the Visual Computing Lab of the CNR-ISTI of Pisa). At the end of the microphotogrammetric workflow, a distance analysis was computed to highlight the differences between the meshes obtained with a photogrammetric approach and a structured light scanner.

scholarly journals Método de selección de alternativas bajo el enfoque emocional en las etapas tempranas del proceso de diseño y desarrollo de productos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
César Alfonso Arroyo Barranco
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Emotional Evaluation ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Selection Of

This research work responds to the need to find a new way to evaluate the design alternatives generated in the concept development phase under the focus of the emotions that the future product may arouse in the users. In order to achieve the proposed objectives and to give an answer to the problems found in the field of methods for the evaluation and selection of alternatives, the corresponding methodological approach was carried out, describing a methodology of intervention research where the stages of analysis, synthesis, praxis, and conclusions must be considered. In the analysis stage, the theoretical framework was built, describing the issues that underlie the research concerning the process of design and product development, the theoretical foundations of emotional design, and the state of the question, describing the methods of evaluation and selection of existing alternatives most used in the design and development of products. Once the analysis was concluded in the synthesis stage the proposal of a solution to the problem was raised through the design of a new method taking, as a model of the process of design and development of products the one proposed by Ulrich and Eppinger and the taxonomies of the emotions of Desmet and Fokkinga as a base for the emotional evaluation. For the practical stage, a case study was designed with the collaboration of the company "Química Son's S.A de C.V." where the method was applied using the application software ValorEmon for the evaluation of design alternatives and subsequent decision-making. Finally, the conclusions of the research were made in response to the objectives and hypothetical approach of the same.

Self-Powering Gyms: A Case Study on Energy Harvesting From a Static Bicycle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ihsan ◽  
Vimal Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
In Series

Abstract The increasing levels of pollution and global climate changes have spurred growing interest in harvesting green energy from all possible resources. One of the under-utilized sources is the energy that one spends during physical exercise at gymnasiums. If the energy that a person expends can be harvested, that may suffice to power the facility at least partially. This paper describes the research, development, and execution of a low-cost arrangement to harvest energy from a static bicycle at a gym. Primarily, the setup uses a generator attached to the bicycle to produce low-voltage electricity. Further, an electrical circuit is designed and implemented to amplify the voltage and send it to a 585CCA battery. The resulting arrangement is found to be sufficient to completely charge the car battery with 12–15 hours of riding of one bicycle. It is estimated that this battery can power two energy-efficient lamps for around 13 hours. In other words, a simple setup attached to various cardio equipment in series may be sufficient to power the gym partially. Further, an economic analysis is conducted to estimate the energy saving resulting from the implementation of the energy harvesting arrangement in a college gym. It is found that with the help of such an arrangement, approximately 20% of the energy cost of the gym room can be saved.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Underground Water before and after Treatment: A Case Study of Tobruk City, Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Data Result

The present study aimed to investigate the quality of drinking water and assessment the current situations from different wells before and after water treatment at east Libya in Tobruk city away from the Egyptian border by 150 kilometers. by measuring some chemical elements such as ph, EC, TDS, Na, K, Ca Cl and Nacl The samples was carried out during the December. Tennty water samples were collected mainly from ten locations. The determined types of bacteria in water and chemicals parameter comparing the result with (WHO2011), The present study showing that there are E-Coli bacteria in some wells before treatment process and after treatment was free of Bacteria It is clear of the data result from chemicals parameter was reduce of numbers of salts in all stations by using treatment processes and the higher value was shoeing in /well number 10 and all chemicals result before treatment was higher than the permissible limits of (WHO2011) for Libya

Optimum Process of Pipeline Selection in Water Distribution Network: Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Biprodip Mukherjee ◽  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Sankar Prasad Maity
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Selection Of

This research deals with a case study of clear water rising pumping main to supply drinking water in Adityapur Municipality, Jharkhand, India. Pipes are important and most cost bearing entity in a water pipeline distribution network. Hence proper selection of pipe is most challenging job to pipeline designers. This study shows about various processes involved in order to get an optimum design in respect to the selection of pipes using WaterGEMS software. A 60 MLD Subarnarekha Water Supply Scheme (WSS) is been considered where two numbers 30 MLD pumps with 40 m rated head have been proposed on the basis of two working and two standby modes to fulfill the demand of drinking water. Mainly cost variation is compared due to change in pipe diameter in relation with energy cost against this WSS. As per the data received, the inputs were incorporated and accordingly the results are interpreted. The whole considered network consists 37 pipes and 10 junctions. Various system outputs are been reflected for steady state simulations. An extended period simulation has also been carried out to compute filling time of all tanks according to their water demands. The pumping energy cost comparison is also reflected when a 1200 mm diameter of pipeline is been replaced with 1000 mm pipeline that runs for 4.173 km. This study is an effort to open up the process of cost optimization in pressure pipeline network for implementation in various water supply schemes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of slab and joist design on construction cost efficiency (case study: office building)

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
J Sjah ◽  
A D Rarasati ◽  
N Natasya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Cost ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Design phase is an important step in order to plan a construction project. One of the determining factors is the building economical value. In the design phase, a method or a design alternative with the most efficient economical value is needed without compromising on the strength of the structure. In this research, the case study is based on an office building. It represents a low rise building with a typical upper structural component which are columns, beams, and slabs with concrete material. Several design alternatives related to the efficiency of structural components’ dimension will be analysed. This research is conducted through modelling the building structure by using the Finite Element Method. The calculation of the building structure construction cost will be evaluated for each design alternatives. The study shows that the most efficient design with joists reduction giving the cost reduction by 11.7%. On the other hand, thickening the slab and reducing the beam’s dimension increase the cost by 26.9%.

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