Gasification of Torrefied and Soft Wood Pellets in Air and CO2

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trehan ◽  
H. Molintas ◽  
A. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mesh Cage ◽  
And Performance

This paper examines the gasification of woody biomass pellets and torrefied wood pellets at different temperatures using air or CO2 as the gasifying agents. The woody biomass pellets were pyrolyzed and gasified in a controlled reactor facility that allowed for the determination of sample weight loss as a function of time from which the kinetics parameters were evaluated. The experimental facility provided full optical access that allowed for in-situ monitoring of the fate of the biomass pellets and the release of gas phase under prescribed high temperature condition. Pellet sample of known weight was placed in a wire mesh cage and then introduced instantly into the high temperature zone of the reactor at known temperature and surrounding gas composition as gasifying agent. The weight loss as function of time was examined for different gasification temperatures ranging from 600–950°C using air or CO2 as the gasifying agent. Significant differences in the weight loss were observed to reveal the fundamental pyro-gasification behavior between the wood and torrefied wood pellets. The results show enhanced gasification with air at low to moderate temperatures while at high temperatures the oxygen evolved from CO2 provided a role in oxidation. The calculated activated energy was lower for woody pellets than torrefied wood pellets and it was lower with air than CO2. These kinetic parameters help in modeling to design biomass gasifiers and combustors for increased conversion efficiency and performance using biomass or municipal solid waste pellets.

Gasification of Wood Pellets in Air and CO2

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trehan ◽  
H. Molintas ◽  
A. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mesh Cage ◽  
And Performance

This paper examines the gasification of woody biomass pellets and torrefied wood pellets at different temperatures using air or CO2 as the gasifying agents. The woody biomass pellets were pyrolyzed and gasified in a controlled reactor facility that allowed for the determination of sample weight loss as a function of time from which the kinetics parameters were evaluated. The experimental facility provided full optical access that allowed for in-situ monitoring of the fate of the biomass pellets and the release of gas phase under prescribed high temperature condition. Pellet sample of known weight was placed in a wire mesh cage and then introduced instantly into the high temperature zone of the reactor at known temperature and surrounding gas composition as gasifying agent. The weight loss as function of time was examined for different gasification temperatures ranging from 600–950°C using air or CO2 as the gasifying agent. Significant differences in the weight loss were observed to reveal the fundamental pyro-gasification behavior between the wood and torrefied wood pellets. The results show enhanced gasification with air at low to moderate temperatures while at high temperatures the oxygen evolved from CO2 provided a role in oxidation. The calculated activated energy was lower for woody pellets than torrefied wood pellets and it was lower with air than CO2. These kinetic parameters help in modeling to design biomass gasifiers and combustors for increased conversion efficiency and performance using biomass or municipal solid waste pellets.

scholarly journals Monolithically Integrated Diffused Silicon Two-Zone Heaters for Silicon-Pyrex Glass Microreactors for Production of Nanoparticles: Heat Exchange Aspects

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Milena Rašljić Rafajilović ◽  
Katarina Radulović ◽  
Milče M. Smiljanić ◽  
Žarko Lazić ◽  
Zoran Jakšić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Pyrex Glass ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Glass Wafer ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
P Type

We present the design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of monolithically integrated high resistivity p-type boron-diffused silicon two-zone heaters in a model high temperature microreactor intended for nanoparticle fabrication. We used a finite element method for simulations of the heaters’ operation and performance. Our experimental model reactor structure consisted of a silicon wafer anodically bonded to a Pyrex glass wafer with an isotropically etched serpentine microchannels network. We fabricated two separate spiral heaters with different temperatures, mutually thermally isolated by barrier apertures etched throughout the silicon wafer. The heaters were characterized by electric measurements and by infrared thermal vision. The obtained results show that our proposed procedure for the heater fabrication is robust, stable and controllable, with a decreased sensitivity to random variations of fabrication process parameters. Compared to metallic or polysilicon heaters typically integrated into microreactors, our approach offers improved control over heater characteristics through adjustment of the Boron doping level and profile. Our microreactor is intended to produce titanium dioxide nanoparticles, but it could be also used to fabricate nanoparticles in different materials as well, with various parameters and geometries. Our method can be generally applied to other high-temperature microsystems.

scholarly journals Effect of Seawater Environment on the Structure and Performance of Basalt Continuous Fiber

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Qingwei Wang ◽  
Tan Yan ◽  
Linfeng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Seawater Environment ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
Weight Loss Ratio

Basalt continuous fibers (BFs) have been widely applied in the construction industry including marine applications, however, the corrosion mechanism of BFs in a seawater environment is still not well understood. In this work, we explored the effect of the seawater environment on the weight loss, tensile strength, surface morphology, and microstructure structure of BFs via soaking the BFs in seawater solutions at different temperatures and durations. Results show that the weight loss ratio of BFs decreases at the first stage (around 18 h) of soaking at 80 °C, 85 °C, and 90 °C and then increases for longer soaking durations, while the tensile strength has the opposite change. This enhancement of tensile strength and chemical resistance (at the first stage of seawater soaking) is dominated by the ion-exchange induced ‘blunting’ mechanism, even though the results from a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the damaging of the Si–O–Si tetrahedral structure during the corrosion process. This work revealed the full corrosion process and corresponding mechanism of BFs in a seawater environment.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

Simulation of high-temperature steam-only gasification of woody biomass with dry-sorption CO2capture

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1648-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
Jennifer H. Pauls ◽  
C. Jim Lim ◽  
Nader Mahinpey
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
High Temperature Steam

scholarly journals Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Sows’ Diet Reduces Body Weight Loss during Lactation and Increases IgG in Colostrum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Ester Arévalo Sureda ◽  
Xuemei Zhao ◽  
Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽  
Sophie-Charlotte Wall ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
And Performance

Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) exert beneficial antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in livestock. Therefore, we hypothesized that supplementing sows’ diets with IQ during gestation would decrease farrowing stress, affecting the piglets’ development and performance. Sows were divided into: IQ1, supplemented with IQ from gestation day 80 (G80) to weaning; IQ2, supplemented from gestation day 110 (G110) to weaning, and a non-supplemented (NC) group. Sow body weight (BW), feed intake, back-fat thickness and back-muscle thickness were monitored. Cortisol, glucose and insulin were measured in sows’ blood collected 5 d before, during, and after 7 d farrowing. Protein, fat, IgA and IgG were analyzed in the colostrum and milk. Piglets were monitored for weight and diarrhea score, and for ileum histology and gene expression 5 d post-weaning. IQ-supplemented sows lost less BW during lactation. Glucose and insulin levels were lower in the IQ groups compared to NC-sows 5 d before farrowing and had higher levels of protein and IgG in their colostrum. No other differences were observed in sows, nor in the measured parameters in piglets. In conclusion, IQ supplementation affected sows’ metabolism, reducing body weight loss during lactation. Providing IQ to sows from their entrance into the maternity barn might be sufficient to induce these effects. IQ improved colostrum quality, increasing the protein and IgG content, improving passive immunity for piglets.

scholarly journals Laboratory-Scale Processing and Performance Assessment of Ti–Ta High-Temperature Shape Memory Spring Actuators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paulsen ◽  
H. Dumlu ◽  
D. Piorunek ◽  
D. Langenkämper ◽  
J. Frenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
And Performance

AbstractTi75Ta25 high-temperature shape memory alloys exhibit a number of features which make it difficult to use them as spring actuators. These include the high melting point of Ta (close to 3000 °C), the affinity of Ti to oxygen which leads to the formation of brittle α-case layers and the tendency to precipitate the ω-phase, which suppresses the martensitic transformation. The present work represents a case study which shows how one can overcome these issues and manufacture high quality Ti75Ta25 tensile spring actuators. The work focusses on processing (arc melting, arc welding, wire drawing, surface treatments and actuator spring geometry setting) and on cyclic actuator testing. It is shown how one can minimize the detrimental effect of ω-phase formation and ensure stable high-temperature actuation by fast heating and cooling and by intermediate rejuvenation anneals. The results are discussed on the basis of fundamental Ti–Ta metallurgy and in the light of Ni–Ti spring actuator performance.

Polyvinyl fibers as outperform candidature in the solid polymer electrolytes

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372097062
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yameen Solangi ◽  
Umair Aftab ◽  
Muhammad Ishaque ◽  
Aqeel Bhutto ◽  
Ayman Nafady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Solution Cast

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are the best choice to replace liquid electrolytes in supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells and batteries. The main challenge in this filed is the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of SPEs which is still not up to mark, therefore more investigations are needed to address these issues. In this study, PVA/salt based SPEs was fabricated using both solution cast and electro-spinning methods to probe the effect of different salts such as (NaCl, KCl and KI) and their concentrations on the ionic conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) x and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) have been employed to study the morphology as well as the different functional groups of SPEs, respectively. It was noted that small addition of NaCl, KCl and KI salts in SPEs dramatically increased the ionic conductivity to 5.95×10−6, 5.31×10−6 and 4.83×10−6 S/cm, respectively. Importantly, the SPEs obtained with NaCl via electro-spinning have higher ionic conductivity (5.95×10−6 S/cm) than their casted SPEs (1.87×10−6 S/cm). Thermal stability was also studied at two different temperatures i.e. 80 °C and 100 °C. The weight loss percentage of electrospun SPEs have zero percent weight loss than the solution based SPEs. The combined results clearly indicated that the nature of salt, concentration and fabrication process play a vital role in the ionic conductivity. Also, the NaCl salt with low molecular weight at low concentrations shows an enhanced ionic conductivity.

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