Design Whodunit: The Relationship Between Individual Characteristics and Interaction Behaviors in Design Concept Generation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sonalkar ◽  
Kathryn Jablokow ◽  
Jonathan Edelman ◽  
Ade Mabogunje ◽  
Larry Leifer
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Team Interactions ◽  
Responding To Change ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model ◽  
Interaction Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between interaction behaviors and the cognitive characteristics of participating individuals in engineering design teams engaged in concept generation. Individual characteristics were measured using the Kirton Adaption-Innovation inventory (KAI), which assesses an individual’s cognitive preference for structure in seeking and responding to change. Team interactions were measured using the Interaction Dynamics Notation (IDN), which allows interaction behaviors to be quantitatively analyzed. A correlation analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between individual characteristics and specific interaction behaviors, and ideation utterances. An interaction sequence analysis of the team data also revealed specific interaction sequences associated with greater probabilities of idea occurrence within the team. These findings serve as a first step towards building a cognitive-behavioral model of engineering design team performance.

Investigating the Influence of Designers’ Cognitive Characteristics and Interaction Behaviors in Design Concept Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn W. Jablokow ◽  
Neeraj Sonalkar ◽  
Jonathan Edelman ◽  
Ade Mabogunje ◽  
Larry Leifer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Team Outcomes ◽  
Team Interactions ◽  
Position Specificity ◽  
Interaction Behaviors ◽  
Team Concept

This paper investigates relationships among the cognitive characteristics, interaction behaviors, and ideation outcomes of 14 engineering design teams engaged in concept generation. Cognitive characteristics were measured using the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI), which assesses an individual’s cognitive preference for structure in generating and working with ideas in problem solving. Team interactions were assessed using the Interaction Dynamics Notation (IDN), which allows interaction behaviors to be quantitatively analyzed, while team outcomes were measured in terms of ideation utterances (ideas and unique ideas). Our analyses revealed that cognitive style (KAI) did not correlate significantly with interaction response behaviors (IDN) or with the quantity of ideas/unique ideas produced. However, the cognitive style diversity of the teams did influence the number of topics they discussed, as well as the interconnectedness of those topics. In addition, several specific interaction responses were associated with the occurrence of ideas/unique ideas, although the sequences associated with those responses varied widely; the more adaptive teams also had greater position specificity in these sequences than the more innovative teams. Our findings highlight the importance of forming cognitively diverse design teams and suggest that specific interaction behaviors should be encouraged or taught as a means to increase the occurrence of ideas and/or unique ideas during team concept generation.

Effects of Dichotomous Lexical Stimuli in Concept Generation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chiu ◽  
L. H. Shu
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Design Support ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between language and reasoning motivates us to study the use of language within engineering design. This paper describes our continued investigation of language as stimuli for concept generation. Specifically we investigate dichotomous lexical stimuli that are related to the problem in either a disagreeing, incongruent manner or in an agreeing, congruent manner. This is a follow-up investigation where we extend previous experiments to include both congruent and incongruent stimuli to enable comparison of differences between designer behavior and concepts. A between-subjects think-aloud experiment was performed where participants were presented with a problem and asked to generate concepts to address the problem. Half the participants were provided with incongruent stimuli and the remaining were provided with congruent stimuli. Participants provided with incongruent stimuli used the stimulus words as verbs more often than the participants provided with congruent stimuli. Verbs possess several properties desirable for use as design stimuli including the increased introduction of new lexicalized concepts to the concept generation process. When two independent raters scored the concepts, there was a positive correlation between the raters that concepts developed with incongruent stimuli were more novel. Understanding the effects of different lexical stimulus types on concept generation contributes to the development of design support tools that exploit the relationship between language and reasoning to increase design novelty.

Investigating Spontaneous Flexibility in Concept Generation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler A. Johnson ◽  
Benjamin W. Caldwell ◽  
Matthew G. Green
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Effectiveness Measure ◽  
Engineering Environment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Engineering Concept

Guilford’s Alternate Uses Test (ALTU) measures a person’s spontaneous flexibility, a propensity for generating many varied responses to a situation, by requiring them to list six possible uses for a given object. Shah’s metrics of ideation effectiveness measure the innovative qualities of engineering concepts with similar scales. The study presented in this paper explores the relationship between spontaneous flexibility and engineering concept generation through a research study. Fifty-two participants generated ideas for three items on a spontaneous flexibility test (SFT) and three problems on an engineering ideation test (EIT). The participants’ responses were analyzed for fluency and flexibility. Correlations between the SFT and EIT were identified in order to better understand the role of spontaneity and divergent thinking in an engineering environment. It was found that both fluency and flexibility of responses were strongly correlated between the two test types. It is hypothesized that the EIT complements the SFT in measuring spontaneous flexibility in engineering design.

Introducing a Cognitive Model of ADHD

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Steven A. Safren ◽  
Susan E. Sprich ◽  
Carol A. Perlman ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model ◽  
Thinking Errors ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides information about the cognitive component of the cognitive-behavioral model of ADHD. We introduce the concept of automatic thoughts. The chapter then outlines the relationship between thoughts, behaviors, and feelings. A list of thinking errors is provided. Clients learn how to begin to self-monitor their thoughts using a thought record.

Rigid Rules of Conduct and Duty: Prediction of Thought–Action Fusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah C. Berman ◽  
Michael G. Wheaton ◽  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Control ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Parenting Strategies ◽  
Moral Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Guilt Induction ◽  
Thought Action Fusion

Cognitive biases, such as thought–action fusion (TAF), play a crucial role in the cognitive-behavioral model of obsessional symptoms and have been shown to prospectively increase the risk of developing such symptoms. Much less research, however, has examined factors that might lead to the development of the cognitive biases themselves. This study aimed to replicate and extend existing work on correlates of moral (thinking about something is the moral equivalent of the corresponding action) and likelihood (thinking about a particular event increases the probability that this event will occur) TAF. A large sample of unscreened participants (N = 407) completed a measure of TAF, as well as measures of religiosity, motivation for religion, parental psychological control, and parental guilt induction. Results indicated that religion-related variables predicted the moral TAF, whereas parenting strategies were associated with likelihood TAF. Intrinsic motivation for religion also mediated the relationship between religiosity and moral TAF. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental psychopathology and limitations are addressed.

scholarly journals Transnational solidarity among political elites: what determines support for financial redistribution within the EU in times of crisis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Reinl ◽  
Heiko Giebler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Responsibility Attribution ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

As a consequence of the European Economic Crisis, the European Union (EU) has implanted mechanisms to assist fellow member states facing economic difficulties. Despite an increasing academic interest in public preferences for such intra-EU solidarity measures, research has so far largely ignored individual characteristics that could possibly influence politicians’ views. In this paper, we look at politicians’ preferences for transnational solidarity and argue that these preferences depend on attitudes regarding socioeconomic issues as well as attitudes related to the EU. Moreover, we hypothesize that the relationship is moderated by responsibility attribution and the economic situation in a country. Using survey data of about 4000 politicians running for office in nine EU countries, we find that transnational solidarity is more common for socioeconomically left-wing and pro-EU politicians. Yet, attitudinal differences only cease to matter when the beneficiary state is perceived responsible for the crisis and economic problems at home are low.

scholarly journals Individual quality of life and the environment – towards a concept of livable areas for persons with disabilities in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Grabowska ◽  
Radosław Antczak ◽  
Jan Zwierzchowski ◽  
Tomasz Panek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [1] highlights the need to create proper socioeconomic and political conditions for persons with disabilities, with a special focus on their immediate living conditions. According to the Convention, these conditions should be built to ensure that persons with disabilities have the potential to enjoy a high quality of life (QoL), and this principle is reflected in the notion of livable areas. The crucial aspect of this framework is the relationship between the individual QoL and the environment, broadly understood as the socioeconomic as well as the technical conditions in which persons with disabilities function. Methods The basic research problem was to assess the relationship between individual QoL for the population with disabilities as a dependent variable and livability indicators as independent variables, controlling for individual characteristics. The study used a dataset from the EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey carried out in 2015 in Poland. The research concept involved several steps. First, we created a variable measuring the QoL for the entire population with disabilities. To measure the multidimensional QoL, we used Sen’s capability approach as a general concept, which was operationalized by the MIMIC (multiple indicators multiple causes) model. In the second step, we identified the livability indicators available in the official statistics, and merged them with survey data. Finally, in the last step, we ran the regression analysis. We also checked the data for the nested structure. Results We confirmed that the general environmental conditions, focused on creating livable areas, played a significant role in shaping the QoL of persons with disabilities; i.e., we found that the higher the level of the local Human Development Index, the higher the quality of life of the individuals living in this area. This relationship held even after controlling for the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Moreover, we found that in addition to the general environmental conditions, the conditions created especially for persons with disabilities (i.e., services for this group and support for their living conditions) affected the QoL of these individuals. Conclusions The results illustrate the need to strengthen policies aimed at promoting the QoL of persons with disabilities by creating access to community assets and services that can contribute to improving the life chances of this population.

The Automatic Algorithm of Filling Hole Based-Mesh Panel Information Based-System Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 2106-2109
Author(s):  
Fei Yan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
System Management ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Educational Field

One of the most important factors of management in obtaining organization targets is effectiveness of financial management structures, and user of the financial management structures have more important role in the effectiveness of the structures. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of human factors including personal and individual characteristics of user of financial management structures based on effectiveness PC. For this target, a sample includes 2354 offices, organizations, private companies and organizations than apply financial management structure based-PC. Has been selected randomly and the investigative data has been counting using questionnaires. In order to find personal characteristics of users, the particular questionnaires which are designed according to four factor model of personality, has been done. In order to research the relation between effectiveness of the structure and personality, four hypotheses based on four features of personality. Moreover, in order to find the relationship between expertise (educational level, educational field and amount of training curriculum of PC knowledge), job satisfaction and experience of users, and effectiveness of the accountancy management structure based-PC, some hypotheses have been studied and written. The study results indicates that personal characteristics including Agreeableness, openness, Conscientiousness and experience working , is efficient on the financial management structures based-PC.

The Roles of Features and Abstraction in Mechanical Design

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeRoy E. Taylor ◽  
Mark R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Product Modeling ◽  
Product Models ◽  
Mechanical Products ◽  
Unique Framework ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper describes the roles of features and abstraction mechanisms in the mechanical design process, mechanical designs, and product models of mechanical designs. It also describes the relationship between functions and features in mechanical design. It is our experience that many research efforts exist in the areas of design and product modeling and, further, that these efforts must be cataloged and compared. To this end, this paper culminates with the presentation of a multi-dimensional abstraction space which provides a unique framework for (a) comparing mechanical engineering design research efforts, (b) relating conceptual objects used in the life cycle of mechanical products, and (c) defining a product modeling space.

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