Current and Future Manufacturing of Chest Orthoses, Considering the Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Felice Redaelli ◽  
Emilia Biffi ◽  
Giorgio Colombo ◽  
Paolo Fraschini ◽  
Gianluigi Reni
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cast Production ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Spine Curvature ◽  
Milling Robot ◽  
Cam Systems

The present paper aims at discussing the current manufacturing processes of chest orthoses, considering patients affected by Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) and a possible future scenario. OI is a genetic disease caused primarily by the genes responsible for collagen production. One of the most common symptoms among the groups of living subjects affected by OI is scoliosis, the abnormal deformation of the spine curvature. The non-invasive treatments for realigning the spine consist of both physical exercise and use of chest braces. The latter are strongly patient-dependent devices; thus, the level of customization is high. The production processes can be classified in: traditional, modern and research process. The first one consists of a sequence of manual operations on plaster casts and final orthoses. The modern process integrates CAD/CAM systems for the first phases of virtual 3D modeling and the automation of the cast production using milling robot, but maintaining the second part of the process. The research process considers the introduction of polymer Additive Manufacturing (AM) in substitution to the thermoforming. Advantages and disadvantages related to each process are discussed in relation to the OI problem.

HSM Strategies of CAD/CAM Systems — Part II Industrial Application

2010 ◽  
Vol 426-427 ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Lin Ding ◽  
John Mo ◽  
D. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Application ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Speed Machining ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Cam Systems

Over one hundred types of commercial CAD/CAM systems are currently used in various industries. To meet the increasing demand for high speed machining (HSM) from shop floors most of these systems have integrated functions for the generation of HSM tool path. However, the strategies they adopted and the qualities of HSM tool path generated by these packages differ significantly from system to system. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art HSM strategies adopted by industrial CAD/CAM systems. The review is based on sixteen widely used software packages which include both advanced systems and the relatively concise packages. HSM features of each system are summarized; HSM strategies adopted by those systems are presented; the advantages and disadvantages are discussed as well.

ANALYSIS OF THE PRICE OF THE MANUFACTURE OF BATCH PARTS FOR CNC MILLING AUXILIATED BY CAD / CAM SYSTEMS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC RAMALHO FERREIRA DE CARVALHO ◽  
MARCOS VINICYUS OLIVEIRA ◽  
erijanio Silva ◽  
Gutembergy Diniz ◽  
João Dehon Rocha Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Cam Systems

scholarly journals Marginal and Internal Fit of Ceramic Prostheses Fabricated from Different Chairside CAD/CAM Systems: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Keunbada Son ◽  
Kyu-Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Internal Fit ◽  
Cam Systems

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate marginal and internal fits of ceramic crowns fabricated with chairside computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. An experimental model based on ISO 12836:2015 was digitally scanned with different intraoral scanners (Omnicam (CEREC), EZIS PO (DDS), and CS3500 (Carestream)). Ceramic crowns were fabricated using the CAD/CAM process recommended by each system (CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream systems; N = 15). The 3-dimensional (3D) marginal and internal fit of each ceramic crown was measured using a 3D inspection software (Geomagic control X). Differences among the systems and various measurements were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Statistically significant differences were validated using pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05). Occlusal gaps in the CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream groups were 113.0, 161.3, and 438.2 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). The axial gaps were 83.4, 78.0, and 107.9 µm, respectively. The marginal gaps were 77.8, 99.3, and 60.6 µm, respectively, and the whole gaps were 85.9, 107.3, and 214.0 µm, respectively. Significant differences were observed with the EZIS system compared with the other two systems in terms of the marginal gap sizes. The CEREC system showed no significant differences among the four measured regions. However, the EZIS and Carestream systems did show a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). All three systems were judged to be capable of fabricating clinically acceptable prostheses, because the marginal gap, which is the most important factor in the marginal fit of prostheses, was recorded to be below 100 µm in all three systems.

scholarly journals Going virtual: youth attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Hawke ◽  
Natasha Y. Sheikhan ◽  
Karen MacCon ◽  
Joanna Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Substance Use Services ◽  
Youth Attitudes ◽  
Virtual Services

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, youth mental health and substance use services rapidly moved to virtual modalities to meet social distancing requirements. It is important to understand youth attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. Objective This study examined the attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services among youth drawn from clinical and non-clinical samples. Method Four hundred nine youth completed a survey including questions about their attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. The survey included quantitative and open-ended questions on virtual care, as well as a mental health and substance use screener. Results The majority of youth with mental health or substance use challenges would be willing to consider individual virtual services, but fewer would consider group virtual services. However, many have not received virtual services. Youth are interested in accessing a wide variety of virtual services and other supportive wellness services. Advantages and disadvantages of virtual services are discussed, including accessibility benefits and technological barriers. Discussion As youth mental health and substance use services have rapidly gone virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential that we hear the perspectives of youth to promote service utilization among those in need. Diverse, accessible, technologically stable virtual services are required to meet the needs of different youth, possibly with in-person options for some youth. Future research, engaging youth in the research process, is needed to evaluate the efficacy of virtual services to plan for the sustainability of some virtual service gains beyond the pandemic period.

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of Biodegradable Implants and Related Tissue Biomarkers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Leon Riehakainen ◽  
Chiara Cavallini ◽  
Paolo Armanetti ◽  
Daniele Panetta ◽  
Davide Caramella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Longitudinal Imaging

Non-invasive longitudinal imaging of osseointegration of bone implants is essential to ensure a comprehensive, physical and biochemical understanding of the processes related to a successful implant integration and its long-term clinical outcome. This study critically reviews the present imaging techniques that may play a role to assess the initial stability, bone quality and quantity, associated tissue remodelling dependent on implanted material, implantation site (surrounding tissues and placement depth), and biomarkers that may be targeted. An updated list of biodegradable implant materials that have been reported in the literature, from metal, polymer and ceramic categories, is provided with reference to the use of specific imaging modalities (computed tomography, positron emission tomography, ultrasound, photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging) suitable for longitudinal and non-invasive imaging in humans. The advantages and disadvantages of the single imaging modality are discussed with a special focus on preclinical imaging for biodegradable implant research. Indeed, the investigation of a new implant commonly requires histological examination, which is invasive and does not allow longitudinal studies, thus requiring a large number of animals for preclinical testing. For this reason, an update of the multimodal and multi-parametric imaging capabilities will be here presented with a specific focus on modern biomaterial research.

Machining Feature-Based CAD/CAPP for STEP-NC

2014 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Operation Planning ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Machining Feature ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Cam Systems

ISO 14649, known as STEP-NC, is new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines. In this paper, the modeling based on machining feature is proposed. The machining feature comes from the manufacturing process considering the restriction of machining technology and machining resource. Then the framework for computer aided process planning is presented, where the algorithms of operation planning is studied. The practical example has been provided and results indicate that machining feature based model can integrate with CAPP and STEP-NC seamlessly.

Effect of Particle Size of ZrO2(Y2O3) Powders on the Shrinkage of the Sintered Substrate with Coloring Gradient

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Paula Cipriano da Silva ◽  
Roberto de Oliveira Magnago ◽  
Camila Aparecida Araujo da Silva ◽  
Bianca de Almeida Fortes ◽  
Claudinei dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
White Layer ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particles Size Distribution ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Cam Systems ◽  
Zirconia Powders

ZrO2(Y2O3)-based ceramics with coloring gradient can facilitate the development of dental prosthesis by the improvement of esthetic properties. In this work, ZrO2 powders with different particle sizes were investigated. White and yellow zirconia powders (TOSOH Corporation-Japan) were characterized by particles size distribution using nanoSight-LM20 analyzer. Furthermore, samples were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and relative density. Compacts with two layers, one white and one yellow were uniaxially pressed at 80MPa and sintered at 1530°C-120min. The yellow-powder presented average particles size of 180±66nm, while the white-powder presented particles size of 198±73nm. After sintering, full dense ceramics with tetragonal phase were obtained. The linear shrinkage of the yellow and white-layer was 22.75% and 22.05% respectively. This difference in shrinkage is important in the machining of prostheses in ceramic CAD/CAM systems, because they lead to difficulties in adapting this customized prosthesis in patients.

Algorithms for Nesting of Ship/Offshore Structural Plates

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Cheok ◽  
A. Y. C. Nee
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Computer Search ◽  
Rectangle Packing ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Shape Processing ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Cam Systems

Abstract This paper discusses the development of a set of algorithms for the automatic nesting of ship/offshore structural plates. The algorithms are developed to take advantage of the peculiarity of most ship/offshore structural plates with the aims of optimising material usage and minimising computer search time. The parts to be nested are first processed by a shape processing routine which employs a simple feature extraction approach to classify the plates according to predefined rules specially adopted for ship/offshore structural shapes. The most appropriate search path for each class of plates is used to obtain the best enclosing rectangle for similar shapes. The search paths are based on heuristics developed to simulate the manual method used by the human operator. Finally, all the plates are laid out on the stock sheet using a “rectangle packing” approach. A computer package, Patnest-Ship was developed to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithms and very encouraging results are achieved. The input and output files to and from Patnest-Ship are described in DXF format so that it can be integrated with existing CAD/CAM systems. Pre- and post-processors for this package have been implemented on AutoCAD to permit the user to define the plates and interactively improve on the solutions provided by Patnest-Ship, if necessary.

Knowledge Based Expert Systems for CAD/CAM Experience of an EDM Application

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kiritsis ◽  
Michel Porchet ◽  
L. Boutzev ◽  
I. Zic ◽  
P. Sourdin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
System Development ◽  
Constraint Propagation ◽  
Programming Environment ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Natural Language Programming ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The One ◽  
Rule System ◽  
Cam Systems

Abstract In this paper we present our experience from the use of two different expert system development environments to Wire-EDM CAD/CAM knowledge based application. The two systems used follow two different AI approaches: the one is based on the constraint propagation theory and provides a natural language oriented programming environment, while the other is a production rule system with backward-forward chaining mechanisms and a conventional-like programming style. Our experience showed that the natural language programming style offers an easier and more productive environment for knowledge based CAD/CAM systems development.

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