Addressing Economic and Energy Poverty Through Locally Available Biomass Resources: Investigation of Issues Concerning India and South Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Enweremadu ◽  
Debendra Baruah ◽  
Sadhan Mahapatra ◽  
Dipam Patowary ◽  
Gunajit Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The cyclic effect of energy poverty and economic poverty has been conclusively evidenced primarily from the experiences of developing World. In the developing countries, struggle to meet the basic energy needs impacts the life of the poorer section in terms of cost of health, education and quality. However, considering the adequate biomass resources and sustainable technologies for conversion of surplus biomass into useful form of energy; integration of the surplus resources with appropriate technology offers opportunities to address both energy and economic poverty. In this study, feasibility of some proven options of bioenergy based energy technologies and enterprises are investigated to understand their prospects to address energy and economic hardship considering a case study from India and analyzed its replicability in South Africa. Resources inventories, avenues of additional income generation and long term impact of selected bioenergy enterprise options (biogas and producer gas and improved stove) are investigated in the context of both the countries. Organic fertilizer (vermicompost), mushroom and community based agro-industries are some of the prospective entrepreneurial activities which can be supported by the bioenergy options. Considering the abundance and characteristics, feasibility of converting surplus biomass resources (crop residue, manure, food waste) into required energy along with revenue earning avenues is indicated by the study. However, there are social and managerial issues which required to be addressed besides provisions for financial incentives to realize the benefits of such integrated systems.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH JAGUNG MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK PENYUBURAN LAHAN PERTANIAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daru Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Stem Leaf

The use of maize waste plant materials (stem, leaf, and husk cover) have high economic value to be processed become organic fertilizer for agricultural land fertilizer. Maize have several and quite high contents of macro and micro nutrients. This activity was hoped that the farmers can overcome the increasing price of inorganic fertilizer recently and furthermore farmers can reap higher income. Beside higher income the use of organic fertilizer can improve the nature and behaviourof land through improving of soil chemical, soil physical, and soil microorganism. Therefore, the appropriate technology for processing of maize become organic fertilizer is very important to be diffused or socialized to farmers.Keywords: fertilizer, maize waste

Sumber Energi Terbarukan dan Pupuk Organik dari Limbah Kotoran Sapi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Mulyatun Mulyatun
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
The People ◽  
Community Service Programs ◽  
The Impact

<p>In order to meet households energy needs, one of the groundbreaking efforts that needs to be done is to implement appropriate technology training in utilization of cow manure waste by recycling it into biogas and organic fertilizer. Animal husbandry in Bambankerep Sub-District of Ngaliyan, Semarang City, are sufficiently developed, however, the use of livestock manure has not been optimal, whereas livestock manure can be used as raw material to produce renewable energy in the form of biogas and organic fertilizer. Furthermore, Limited knowledge and skills of the people in Bambankerep sub-district in the utilization of cow manure waste by recycling it into biogas and organic fertilizer have become the main problem. Steps performed in Community service programs are as follow (1) Socialization of recycling livestock waste into a blessing; (2) training, (3) Monitoring and outreaching. The impact generated from this community service programs, among others are: (1) raising public awareness in the utilization of cow manure waste for biogas alternative energy, (2) increasing knowledge and skills of people in processing cow manure into energy and fertilizer, (3) growing number of business groups in cow manure organic fertilizer processing that are expected can improve the welfare of the people in Bambankerep sub-district, Mijen, Semarang City.</p><p> </p><p>Dalam rangka pemenuhan keperluan energi rumah tangga, salah satu upaya terobosan yang perlu dilakukan adalah melaksanakan pelatihan teknologi tepat guna pemanfaatan limbah kotoran sapi menjadi biogas dan pupuk organik. Usaha peternakan di Kelurahan Bambankerep, Ngaliyan Semarang cukup berkembang, tapi pemanfaatan kotoran ternak selama ini belum optimal, padahal kotoran ternak dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan energi terbarukan dalam bentuk biogas dan pupuk organik. Keterbatasannya pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki masyarakat di Kelurahan Bambankerep mengolah limbah kotoran sapai menjadi biogas dan pupuk organik menjadi permasalahn utama. Tahapan program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan adalah: (1) Sosialisai pemanfaatan limbah kotoran hewan menjadi berkah; (2) pelatihan; (3) Monitoring dan Pendampingan. Dampak yang dihasilkan dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini antara lain: (1) meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan limbah kotoran sapi untuk energi alternatif biogas, (2) meningkatnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan masyarakat bidang pengolahan kotoran sapi menjadi energi dan pupuk, (3) tumbuhnya kelompok usaha pengolahan pupuk organik dari kotoran sapi sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Kelurahan Bambankerep Ngaliyan Semarang.</p>

scholarly journals Challenges and Solutions for Biogas Production from Agriculture Waste in the Aral Sea Basin

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Olimjon Saidmamatov ◽  
Inna Rudenko ◽  
Urs Baier ◽  
Elbek Khodjaniyazov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Biomass Resources

Energy plays an essential role in the modern society and can serve as one of the vital parameters of socio-economic development. Despite developments in technology, over three billion persons living in rural parts of the low- and middle-income countries continue to cover their energy needs for cooking through traditional ways by burning biomass resources. This paper as a case study focuses on the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan, possessing a well-developed agricultural production with high livestock numbers and intensive crop production. The manure of the livestock farms is not used efficiently and the energy supply of the farms depends primarily on centrally produced gas and electricity. Some areas are not yet connected to the gas grid. Agriculture causes huge environmental damages in its current form. The benefit of biogas production would therefore be fivefold: (1) local energy source, (2) mitigation of environmental impacts, (3) reducing CH4-emissions, (4) producing organic fertilizer as a side product and (5) additional earnings for farmers.

scholarly journals Policy implementation and financial incentives for nurses in South Africa: a case study on the occupation-specific dispensation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prudence Ditlopo ◽  
Duane Blaauw ◽  
LaetitiaC. Rispel ◽  
Steve Thomas ◽  
Posy Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Financial Incentives

Addressing Energy Poverty Through Ecological Governance of Solar Home Systems in South Africa

2022 ◽  
pp. 253-276
Author(s):  
Edzisani Ellen Netshiozwi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ecological Governance ◽  
Home Systems

South Africa has long recognised the need to eliminate energy poverty, and significant progress has been made since 1996. With the recent global outcry about the use of sustainable and clean energy sources for human and ecological development, it has become essential for countries to upscale the use of non-grid electrification in order to effectively and sustainably eradicate energy poverty. South Africa implements different non-grid electrification programmes which focuses on ensuring universal access to clean energy by all, with one of these initiatives being the Solar Home Systems Programme. This study aims to contribute to academic discussion and knowledge about the role that solar home systems can play in bringing change on the current status of the energy poverty eradication initiatives which negatively affect the environment and the people. The study used a qualitative approach in assessing how the Solar Home Systems Programme contributes to energy poverty eradication and environmental preservation if managed in line with ecological governance principles. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 40 households in Limpopo and officials from government departments in the province as well as a service provider responsible for the roll-out and maintenance of solar home systems in Limpopo. Framed within the ecological economics theory which advocates for ecological and environmental solutions that take into consideration the future generation, the study established that the solar home systems can eradicate energy poverty and contribute to the protection of the environment if managed in line with ecological governance principles. The study further revealed that the Solar Home Systems Programme in South Africa failed due to lack of proper governance systems that provide solutions for the future as the programme was short-term focused and lacked proper ecological governance systems. In order for the solar home systems to contribute to energy poverty eradication and environmental protection, the study recommends a total overhaul of the programme which includes ensuring that the provision of SHSs is not viewed as a temporary measure that is only meant for poor rural households but a long-term and sustainable initiative.

scholarly journals APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DAN BIOPESTISIDA PADA PERTANIAN PADI ORGANIK DI SUBAK REJASA KECAMATAN PENEBEL KABUPATEN TABANAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
N.N. Soniari ◽  
N.M. Witariadi ◽  
N.K. Karyati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Field School ◽  
Training Simulation ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Additional Income

One of the goals of science and technology for the Region of Jegu and RejasaVilages in Penebel District,Tabanan Regency is a healthy increase rice productivity by application of liquid organic fertilizer andartificial biopesticides farmers themselves. The method adopted to achieve these goals is through education,training, simulation science and technology, mentoring, and design appropriate technology applied.All suchactivities are realized in the form of a field school that was attended by 25 members of SubakRejasa bymaking healthy rice demonstration plot 25 acres.POC and biopesticide made from animal waste, sugar cane,Gamal, yam tubers and other local materials, applied at a dose of 450 ml / 25 L of water every week. Liquidorganic fertilizer and biopesticide made by members of SubakRejasa have done laboratory analysis with thefollowing results: the content of C-org (1,540%): N (0.160%); P (85.120 ppm); K (95.400 ppm); pH (7.78)and DHL (32,200 mS). The results of the application of POC and biopesticideson the rice varieties "Inpari30", quite good, vegetative growth performance lush, green leaves, stronger stems no pests anddiseases,number of tillers 20 -24, .and the generative phase, pithy grain, grain number between 185-255 /stalkand grain yield at harvest 5.8 tonnes / ha. The processing of livestock wastes into POC and biopesticides provides a new source of additional income for farmers in addition to economic efficiency in the use offertilizers and the slow return of biodiversity.

Assessment of household energy poverty levels in Louiville, Mpumalanga, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalala L. Mgwambani ◽  
Kevin K. Kasangana ◽  
Tafadzwa Makonese ◽  
Daniel Masekameni ◽  
Mary Gulumian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Poverty Levels

Determinants of energy poverty in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaakirah Ismail ◽  
Patrick Khembo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
National Income ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Regression Framework ◽  
Individual Household

This paper provides empirical evidence on the determinants of energy poverty in South African households using the National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS, 2012), while controlling for individual, household and demographic characteristics. This is formulated within a logistic regression framework, while defining energy poverty using the expenditure approach consistent with the definition by the Department of Energy (DoE) of South Africa. The model reveals that household expenditure patterns, race, education level, household and dwelling size, location of the household and access to electricity are important factors in explaining the state of energy in South African households. This paper also discusses limitations in defining energy poverty using the expenditure approach. Finally, some recommendations are made for regulators and policy makers.

Study Abroad Experiences in the Developing World: Opportunities and Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. LeSar ◽  
Kenneth M. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
State University ◽  
Sustainable Engineering ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
The People ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACTOver the past three years the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at Iowa State University have conducted a study-abroad course for ISU undergraduates in a small, isolated, village in the country of Mali, in western, sub-Saharan Africa. Most, if not all, of the people in the village live under conditions that the World Bank refers to as extreme poverty. The focus of the course is on the development of sustainable technologies that are appropriate for the people in this village and villages similar to it. Our goal is to offer students a chance to develop such technologies, in the end changing how they view engineering and their role as engineers. One of the challenges of the course is how to integrate this high value off-campus experience into the on-campus curriculum. To do this we have linked two on-campus sustainable engineering courses (sustainable engineering systems and appropriate technology design) with this study abroad course. In this paper, we discuss the course in more detail, with a focus on an assessment of how well we are meeting our objectives. We shall also discuss the challenges of holding such a course and will offer some advice for those who may wish to venture along the same path.

scholarly journals Challenges and Prospects of Youth Entrepreneurship Development in a Designated Community in the Western Cape, South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saphetha Appie Gwija ◽  
Chux Gervase Iwu .
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Youth Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Insight Into

In a job-scarce environment, where unemployment is rife the need for fostering entrepreneurship especially among youth is a prime concern. This is arguably the case in South Africa, where despite a number of government-pioneered interventions, the level of youth entrepreneurship, particularly in township areas remains unsatisfactory. This study takes a two-pronged approach to establish specific factors that are inhibiting youth entrepreneurship development, and determine the prospects of youth entrepreneurship development in Khayelitsha in the Western Cape, South Africa. The data was collected via self-administered questionnaires that were distributed to 132 respondents, which were randomly drawn from a population of 200 youth entrepreneurs registered on the database of a local organisation which promotes and develops entrepreneurship in the Western Cape. The findings revealed, among others, that a major inhibiting factor to entrepreneurship development is the lack of awareness and inaccessibility of youth entrepreneurship support structures and initiatives in this community. Interestingly though, this hindrance does not appear to have a negative bearing on the identified growing enthusiasm of the youth to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Overall, on the basis of the challenges and prospects revealed, recommendations to improve the current situation are made. This study is an applied research effort and its relevance is linked to the fact that it provides rare insight into the state of youth entrepreneurship in a large but under-researched township community in the Western Cape. The findings and recommendations therefore bear far-reaching ramifications for all stakeholders who are concerned about developing youth entrepreneurship in this society.

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