Performance and Control of Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separators

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Mathiravedu ◽  
Shoubo Wang ◽  
Ram S. Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham ◽  
Jack D. Marrelli
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
System Dynamic ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cylindrical Cyclone

The feasibility of using Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC©) as a free water knockout device for bulk separation of oil-water mixtures in the field strongly depends on the implementation of control systems due to its compactness, less residence time and possible inlet flow variations. In this investigation, the LLCC control dynamics have been studied extensively both theoretically and experimentally. A linear model has been developed for the first time for LLCC separators equipped with underflow watercut control, which enables simulation of the system dynamic behavior. A unique “direct” control strategy is developed and implemented, capable of obtaining clear water in the underflow line and maintaining maximum underflow rate. Dedicated control system simulations are conducted using Matlab/Simulink® software to simulate the real system dynamic behavior. Detailed experimental investigations are conducted to evaluate the system sensitivity and dynamic behavior of the proposed control strategy. The results demonstrate that the proposed control system is capable of controlling the underflow watercut around its set point by obtaining maximum free-water knockout for a wide range of flow conditions. (inlet water concentration of 40% and an inlet mixture velocity of 1.5 m/s).

Performance and Control of Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separators

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar S. Mathiravedu ◽  
Shoubo Wang ◽  
Ram S. Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham ◽  
Jack D. Marrelli
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
System Dynamic ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cylindrical Cyclone

The feasibility of using liquid-liquid cylindrical cyclone (LLCC©) as a free-water knockout device for bulk separation of oil-water mixtures in the field strongly depends on the implementation of control systems due to its compactness, less residence time, and possible inlet flow variations. In this investigation, the LLCC control dynamics have been studied extensively both theoretically and experimentally. A linear model has been developed for the first time for LLCC separators equipped with underflow watercut control, which enables simulation of the system dynamic behavior. A unique “direct” control strategy is developed and implemented, capable of obtaining clear water in the underflow line and maintaining maximum underflow rate. Dedicated control system simulations are conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK® software to simulate the real system dynamic behavior. Detailed experimental investigations are conducted to evaluate the system sensitivity and dynamic behavior of the proposed control strategy. The results demonstrate that the proposed control system is capable of controlling the underflow watercut around its set point by obtaining maximum free-water knockout for a wide range of flow conditions, namely, inlet water concentration of 40% to 95% and inlet mixture velocity of 0.2 m/s to 1.5 m/s.

Intelligent Control of Compact Multiphase Separation System (CMSS©)—Part I: Modeling and Simulation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sampath ◽  
R. Mohan ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
L. Gomez ◽  
O. Shoham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Separation System ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Cylindrical Cyclone

Performance of compact separators depends on implementation of stable and robust control strategies that are suited for specific applications. In this investigation, an intelligent control system has been developed for Compact Multiphase Separation System (CMSS©) which consists of integrated configurations of three compact separators, namely, Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©), Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC©) and Liquid-Liquid Hydrocyclone (LLHC). This is a two-part paper, the first part (current paper) deals with the Modeling and Simulation of the CMSS© and the second part deals with Experimental Investigation. The specific objective of this CMSS© configuration is to knock out free water from the upstream fluids. In mature oil fields, water handling poses a huge problem. Thus water knock out at the earliest stage helps in significant cost savings. A novel fuzzy logic control system has been designed and tested for change in set-point of differential pressure ratio in LLHC. Dynamic models have been developed for each of the above mentioned control systems for design of stable PID parameters. A dynamic simulation platform (DSP) has been developed based on these models in Matlab/Simulink™ for predicting the transient performance of the integrated system. Steady state mechanistic models of individual devices are integrated to the Matlab/Simulink™ platform using look up tables to predict the overall response of the CMSS© for different scenarios.

Control System Simulators for Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separators

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoubo Wang ◽  
Ram S. Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham ◽  
Jack D. Marrelli ◽  
Gene E. Kouba
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Bulk Separation ◽  
Cylindrical Cyclone

The control system performance of gas liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC©) separators can be considerably improved by adopting suitable control strategy and optimizing the design of the controller PID settings. Dynamic simulators have been developed in this study, based on Matlab/Simulink® software for evaluation of several different GLCC control philosophies for two-phase flow metering loop and bulk separation applications. Detailed analysis of the GLCC control system simulators indicates that for integrated liquid level and pressure control strategy, the level control loop compliments the operation of the pressure control loop, and vice versa. This strategy is ideal for reducing the pressure fluctuations in the GLCC. At severe slugging conditions, the integrated liquid level control is more desirable because of its faster response. However, there is no control of the GLCC pressure fluctuations. The results also show that the simulators are capable of representing the dynamic behavior of real physical systems. [S0195-0738(00)00504-5]

Intelligent Control of Compact Multiphase Separation System (CMSS©)—Part II: Experimental Investigation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sampath ◽  
R. Mohan ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
L. Gomez ◽  
O. Shoham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Control System ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Separation System ◽  
System A ◽  
Cylindrical Cyclone

In this investigation, an intelligent control system has been developed for Compact Multiphase Separation System (CMSS©) which consists of integrated configurations of three compact separators, namely, Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC©), Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC©) and Liquid-Liquid Hydrocyclone (LLHC). This is a two-part paper, the first part deals with the Modeling and Simulation of the CMSS© and the second part (current paper) deals with Experimental Investigation. A new dual differential pressure sensor system has been implemented and tested for GLCC©, to eliminate the error in liquid level measurement due to change in watercut. A new watercut based control system using downstream pump speed control has been designed and tested for the LLCC© system. A new cascaded control strategy for change in set-point of differential pressure ratio using underflow quality from hydrocyclone has been designed and developed. Comparison of CMSS© performance simulator and experimental results shows that the control system simulator is capable of representing the real physical system and can be used to validate the controller design. Fuzzy logic controller has been successfully implemented and tested. Experimental results show a similar trend as the dynamic simulator results for the various input conditions and scenarios. The results from theoretical and experimental studies have shown that Free Water Knock Out (FWKO) CMSS© system can be readily deployed in the field using the control system strategies designed, implemented and tested in this study. Reliability analysis for FWKO CMSS© system has been conducted. System reliability has been calculated from reliability of components and performance reliability of the system. A new protocol has been introduced to calculate performance reliability based on performance failure of the system from simulation data. This protocol has been proven to predict performance reliability of a new system which does not have prior information on failure of components or devices.

A Study of the Monitoring and Suppression System for Turning Slender Workpieces

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L-J Yeh ◽  
G-J Lai
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Chatter Vibration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
Suppression System ◽  
Standard Concept

The main purpose of this study is to develop a chatter monitoring and suppression system while turning slender workpieces. In order to clarify the chatter behaviour, the ratio of the length to diameter of the cylindrical bar (L/D ratio) is considered as an independent parameter. Experimental investigations were carried out over a wide range of the L/D ratio and cutting conditions to identify the cutting stability. It can be observed that the standard deviation value of the main cutting force obviously increases in the chatter developing period, and this phenomenon can be used to define the chatter threshold. From the observation on the variation of the standard deviation value of the cutting process and then by means of a reasonable application of the standard deviation value, a precise on-line chatter threshold based on the double-standard concept has been defined in this paper. For an accurate judgement of the chatter occurrence, an effective monitoring criterion was proposed and developed. This monitoring criterion was applied to the feed rate control system to suppress the chatter vibration by increasing the feed rate. Experimental results show, furthermore, that the control system is effective when the L/D ratio is smaller than 12.

Dynamic Modeling of a Cogenerating Nuclear Gas Turbine Plant—Part II: Dynamic Behavior and Control

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Kikstra ◽  
A. H. M. Verkooijen
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
And Control

Using the dynamic model of the cogenerating nuclear gas turbine plant developed in Part I of this article, the dynamic behavior of this plant is analyzed and a control structure is designed. First it is determined how several design choices affect the system dynamics. Then the requirements and options for a control system design are investigated. A number of possible control valve positions in the flowsheet are tested with transients in order to make an argued choice. The model is subsequently used to determine the optimal working conditions for different heat and power demands, these are used as set-points for the control system. Then the interaction between manipulated and controlled variables is mapped and based on this information a choice for coupling them in decentralized feedback control loops is made. This control structure is then tuned and tested. It can be concluded that both heat and power demand can be followed with acceptable performance over a wide range.

Triple-Layer Control System for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell–Gas Turbine Hybrid System

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Milewski ◽  
Piotr Biczel ◽  
Mariusz Kłos
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
Carbonate Fuel Cell

The control system of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) coupled with a gas turbine (GT) should be based on the multilayer structure (two- or three-layers), wherein the third layer is connected with the power output from the system and can be considered separately. Simulation model of the MCFC–GT hybrid system (HS) was built. The simulator is based on a zero-dimensional modeling of the individual elements of the system. The simulator was used for mapping the main components behavior (MCFC and GT separately). On the basis of the obtained maps of the performances and adopted restrictions on technical–operational nature, the operation line for the first line of the control strategy was obtained. The control system which realizes the obtained control strategy was built in reality. Then, the hardware-based models of the main elements were created based on the electric equipment. The hardware–software model was connected to the control system and adequate simulations were performed. The presented results indicate that the analyzed MCFC–GT HS possesses a high operation and control flexibility while at the same time maintaining stable thermal efficiency. Operation of the system is possible over a wide range of parameter changes.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Electron Damage to Condensed-Phase DNA and Its Constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7879
Author(s):  
Yingxia Gao ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Léon Sanche
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Wide Range

The complex physical and chemical reactions between the large number of low-energy (0–30 eV) electrons (LEEs) released by high energy radiation interacting with genetic material can lead to the formation of various DNA lesions such as crosslinks, single strand breaks, base modifications, and cleavage, as well as double strand breaks and other cluster damages. When crosslinks and cluster damages cannot be repaired by the cell, they can cause genetic loss of information, mutations, apoptosis, and promote genomic instability. Through the efforts of many research groups in the past two decades, the study of the interaction between LEEs and DNA under different experimental conditions has unveiled some of the main mechanisms responsible for these damages. In the present review, we focus on experimental investigations in the condensed phase that range from fundamental DNA constituents to oligonucleotides, synthetic duplex DNA, and bacterial (i.e., plasmid) DNA. These targets were irradiated either with LEEs from a monoenergetic-electron or photoelectron source, as sub-monolayer, monolayer, or multilayer films and within clusters or water solutions. Each type of experiment is briefly described, and the observed DNA damages are reported, along with the proposed mechanisms. Defining the role of LEEs within the sequence of events leading to radiobiological lesions contributes to our understanding of the action of radiation on living organisms, over a wide range of initial radiation energies. Applications of the interaction of LEEs with DNA to radiotherapy are briefly summarized.

scholarly journals Low Power Cusped Field Thruster Developed for the Space-Borne Gravitational Wave Detection Mission in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6549
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ming Zeng ◽  
Xiang Niu ◽  
Hongyan Huang ◽  
Daren Yu
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Attitude Control ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Attitude Control System ◽  
Gravitational Wave Detection ◽  
Wave Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Institute Of Technology

The microthruster is the crucial device of the drag-free attitude control system, essential for the space-borne gravitational wave detection mission. The cusped field thruster (also called the High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thruster) becomes one of the candidate thrusters for the mission due to its low complexity and potential long life over a wide range of thrust. However, the prescribed minimum of thrust and thrust noise are considerable obstacles to downscaling works on cusped field thrusters. This article reviews the development of the low power cusped field thruster at the Harbin Institute of Technology since 2012, including the design of prototypes, experimental investigations and simulation studies. Progress has been made on the downscaling of cusped field thrusters, and a new concept of microwave discharge cusped field thruster has been introduced.

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