Impact of Manufacturing Variability on Combustor Liner Durability

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Bradshaw ◽  
Ian A. Waitz
Keyword(s):  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Deterministic Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combustor Liner

This paper presents a probabilistic model that quantifies the impact of manufacturing variability on combustor liner temperature and low cycle fatigue life. This model is applied to a gas turbine engine combustor for a commercial aircraft and assessed using combustor liner wall temperature and outlet gas temperature measurements. A probabilistic analysis shows that the model estimates cup-to-cup outlet temperature variations and liner wall temperature variations consistent with these measurements. Furthermore, this analysis shows that the typical liner life is 25 percent less than the life estimated using deterministic methods. In addition, approximately 99 percent of the combustors designed using deterministic methods will fail earlier than predicted. A sensitivity analysis shows that the variability in combustor unmixedness is the key driver of liner life.

Account of Film Turbulence for Predicting Film Cooling Effectiveness in Gas Turbine Combustors

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Sturgess
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Turbulence Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combustor Liner

The paper deals with a small but important part of the overall gas turbine engine combustion system and continues earlier published work on turbulence effects in film cooling to cover the case of film turbulence. Film cooling of the gas turbine combustor liner imposes certain geometric limitations on the coolant injection device. The impact of practical film injection geometry on the cooling is one of increased rates of film decay when compared to the performance from idealized injection geometries at similar injection conditions. It is important to combustor durability and life estimation to be able to predict accurately the performance obtainable from a given practical slot. The coolant film is modeled as three distinct regions, and the effects of injection slot geometry on the development of each region are described in terms of film turbulence intensity and initial circumferential non-uniformity of the injected coolant. The concept of the well-designed slot is introduced and film effectiveness is shown to be dependent on it. Only slots which can be described as well-designed are of interest in practical equipment design. A prediction procedure is provided for well-designed slots which describes growth of the film downstream of the first of the three film regions. Comparisons of predictions with measured data are made for several very different well-designed slots over a relatively wide range of injection conditions, and good agreement is shown.

Account of Film Turbulence for Predicting Film Cooling Effectiveness in Gas Turbine Combustors

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Sturgess
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Turbulence Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combustor Liner

The paper deals with a small but important part of the overall gas turbine engine combustion system and continues earlier published work on turbulence effects in film cooling to cover the case of film turbulence. Film cooling of the gas turbine combustor liner imposes certain geometric limitations on the coolant injection device. The impact of practical film injection geometry on the cooling is one of increased rates of film decay when compared to the performance from idealized injection geometries at similar injection conditions. It is important to combustor durability and life estimation to be able to predict accurately the performance obtainable from a given practical slot. The coolant film is modeled as three distinct regions, and the effects of injection slot geometry on the development of each region are described in terms of film turbulence intensity and initial circumferential non-uniformity of the injected coolant. The concept of the well-designed slot is introduced and film effectiveness is shown to be dependent on it. Only slots which can be described as well-designed are of interest in practical equipment design. A prediction procedure is provided for well-designed slots which describes growth of the film downstream of the first of the three film regions. Comparisons of predictions with measured data are made for several very different well-designed slots over a relatively wide range of injection conditions, and good agreement is shown.

scholarly journals Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Nanofluids on Marine Gas Turbine Intercooler Performance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
Salah Almurtaji ◽  
Naser Ali ◽  
Joao A. Teixeira ◽  
Abdulmajid Addali
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Coolants play a major role in the performance of heat exchanging systems. In a marine gas turbine engine, an intercooler is used to reduce the compressed gas temperature between the compressor stages. The thermophysical properties of the coolant running within the intercooler directly influence the level of enhancement in the performance of the unit. Therefore, employing working fluids of exceptional thermal properties is beneficial for improving performance in such applications, compared to conventional fluids. This paper investigates the effect of utilizing nanofluids for enhancing the performance of a marine gas turbine intercooler. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-water with nanofluids at 0.01–0.10 vol % concentration were produced using a two-step controlled-temperature approach ranging from 10 °C to 50 °C. Next, the thermophysical properties of the as-prepared suspensions, such as density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and viscosity, were characterized. The intercooler performance was then determined by employing the measured data of the MWCNTs-based nanofluids thermophysical properties in theoretical formulae. This includes determining the intercooler effectiveness, heat transfer rate, gas outlet temperature, coolant outlet temperature, and pumping power. Finally, a comparison between a copper-based nanofluid from the literature with the as-prepared MWCNTs-based nanofluid was performed to determine the influence of each of these suspensions on the intercooler performance.

Impact of Manufacturing Variability on Combustor Liner Durability

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Bradshaw ◽  
Ian Waitz
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Probabilistic Analysis ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Surrogate Model ◽  
Life Distribution ◽  
Simplified Models ◽  
Deterministic Methods ◽  
Mixing Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combustor Liner

This paper presents a probability-based systems-level approach for assessing the impact of manufacturing variability on combustor liner durability. Simplified models are used to link combustor life, liner temperature variability, and the effects of manufacturing variability. A probabilistic analysis is then applied to the simplified models to estimate the combustor life distribution. The typical combustor life was found to be approximately 20% less than the estimate life using deterministic methods for these combustors, and the probability that a randomly selected combustor will fail earlier than expected using deterministic methods is approximately 80%. The application of a sensitivity analysis to a surrogate model for the life identified the leading drivers of the minimum combustor life and the typical combustor life as the material property variability and the circumferential variability of turbulent mixing rates, respectively.

scholarly journals The Impact of Damage to the Compressor on the Operating Parameters of the Pratt & Whitney 206B2 Turbine Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz PRZYBYŁA ◽  
Zbigniew ZAPAŁOWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Operating Medium ◽  
Turbine Shaft ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the impact of damage to the centrifugal compressor of the P&W 206B2 turbine engine, built in the EC-135p2 helicopters EC-135p2. The damages are caused by sucking the foreign bodies to the inlet, what results in the changes of exploitation parameters of the engine and thermodynamic parameters of operating medium. On the basis of the parameters, measured during engine operation, such as: rotation speed of the rotor of the compressor – n1, the rotation speed of the turbine shaft of the drive – n2, the gas temperature at the outlet of the turbine driving of the compressor – T4.2, and the fuel flow rate - m ̇_p, distributions of these parameters in various cross- sections of the engine were determined and compared. Then, on their basis, the CFD analysis of air flows in new and damaged compressors was performed.

scholarly journals The Engine Usage Indicator

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hohenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Temperature Shock ◽  
Turbine Engine

An instrument to cumulate the exposure of a small gas turbine engine to certain deteriorating phenomena has been developed. The device displays usage in cumulative creep, low cycle fatigue, and temperature shock derived from measured gas temperature and speed. This instrument and its conceptual basis are described.

scholarly journals Aiming Strategy on a Prototype-Scale Solar Receiver: Coupling of Tabu Search, Ray-Tracing and Thermal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3920
Author(s):  
Benjamin Grange ◽  
Gilles Flamant
Keyword(s):  
Tabu Search ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Particle Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Fluidized Particle ◽  
Solar Receiver

An aiming point strategy applied to a prototype-scale power tower is analyzed in this paper to define the operation conditions and to preserve the lifetime of the solar receiver developed in the framework of the Next-commercial solar power (CSP) H2020 project. This innovative solar receiver involves the fluidized particle-in-tube concept. The aiming solution is compared to the case without the aiming strategy. Due to the complex tubular geometry of the receiver, results of the Tabu search for the aiming point strategy are combined with a ray-tracing software, and these results are then coupled with a simplified thermal model of the receiver to evaluate its performance. Daily and hourly aiming strategies are compared, and different objective normalized flux distributions are applied to quantify their influence on the receiver wall temperature distribution, thermal efficiency and particle outlet temperature. A gradual increase in the solar incident power on the receiver is analyzed in order to keep a uniform outlet particle temperature during the start-up. Results show that a tradeoff must be respected between wall temperature and particle outlet temperature.

scholarly journals Determination of Zero Dimensional, Apparent Devolatilization Kinetics for Biomass Particles at Suspension Firing Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Anna Espekvist ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Peter Glarborg ◽  
Terese Løvås ◽  
Peter Arendt Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Particle Radius ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Density Maximum ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
The Impact

As part of the strive for a carbon neutral energy production, biomass combustion has been widely implemented in retrofitted coal burners. Modeling aids substantially in prediction of biomass flame behavior and thus in boiler chamber conditions. In this work, a simple model for devolatilization of biomass at conditions relevant for suspension firing is presented. It employs Arrhenius parameters in a single first order (SFOR) devolatilization reaction, where the effects of kinetics and heat transfer limitations are lumped together. In this way, a biomass particle can be modeled as a zero dimensional, isothermal particle, facilitating computational fluid dynamic calculations of boiler chambers. The zero dimensional model includes the effects of particle aspect ratio, particle density, maximum gas temperature, and particle radius. It is developed using the multivariate data analysis method, partial least squares regression, and is validated against a more rigorous semi-2D devolatilization model. The model has the capability to predict devolatilization time for conditions in the parameter ranges; radius (39–1569 μμm), density (700–1300 kg/m3), gas temperature (1300–1900 K), aspect ratio (1.01–8). Results show that the particle radius and gas phase temperature have a large influence on the devolatilization rate, and the aspect ratio has a comparatively smaller effect, which, however, cannot be neglected. The impact of aspect ratio levels off as it increases. The model is suitable for use as stand alone or as a submodel for biomass particle devolatilization in CFD models.

scholarly journals Impact of scale, nuclear PDF and temperature variations on the interpretation of medium-modified jet production data from the LHC

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Andronic ◽  
J. Honermann ◽  
M. Klasen ◽  
C. Klein-Bösing ◽  
J. Salomon
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Crossover Temperature ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Nuclear Modification Factor ◽  
Nuclear Modification ◽  
Modification Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Jet Structure

Abstract In this paper we present a study of in-medium jet modifications performed with JEWEL and PYTHIA 6.4, focusing on the uncertainties related to variations of the perturbative scales and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) and on the impact of the initial and crossover temperature variations of the medium. The simulations are compared to LHC data for the jet spectrum and the nuclear modification factor. We assess the interplay between the choice of nuclear PDFs and different medium parameters and study the impact of nuclear PDFs and the medium on the jet structure via the Lund plane.

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