Development of an Interactive Code for Design and Off-Design Performance Evaluation of Gas Turbines

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Rezaei Zangmolk ◽  
Hiwa Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Constant Control ◽  
Model Component ◽  
Surge Line ◽  
Cooling Model

In this paper, development of a modular code for simulation of design and off-design performance of different gas turbines (with different shafts and technology) has been described. This interactive code will be used for different purposes in MPG Company. This turbomachinery and thermodynamic model is based on compressor and turbine maps and blade cooling has been considered with a cooling model. Component maps and effect of IGV have been developed from one of 1D, 2D or Q3d in-house codes. It is demonstrated that this model is accurate for prediction of gas turbine behavior at both design and off-design conditions. Effect of various control system — IGV constant, TIT constant and TET constant — is evaluated. These results show that IGV constant control system has the highest and TIT constant have the lowest efficiency for a simple cycle gas turbine. In contrast, the reverse is true in a combined cycle. Also the results show that the compressor is the most stable and away enough from surge line with IGV constant control system and has the highest efficiency.

Advanced Gas Turbine and High Performance Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Plant With Blade Cooling Air Controlling

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Cooling Air

Air cooling blades are usually applied to gas turbines as a basic specification. This blade cooling air is almost 20% of compressor suction air and it means that a great deal of compression load is not converted effectively to turbine power generation. This paper proposes the CCM (Cascade Cooling Module) system of turbine blade air line and the consequent improvement of power generation, which is achieved by the reduction of cooling air consumption with effective use of recovered heat. With this technology, current gas turbines (TIT: turbine inlet temperature: 1350°C) can be up-rated to have a relative high efficiency increase. The increase ratio has a potential to be equivalent to that of 1500°C Class GT/CC against 1350°C Class. The CCM system is designed to enable the reduction of blade cooling air consumption by the low air temperature of 15°C instead of the usual 200–400°C. It causes the turbine operating air to increase at the constant suction air condition, which results in the enhancement of power and thermal efficiency. The CCM is installed in the cooling air line and is composed of three stage coolers: steam generator/fuel preheater stage, heat exchanger stage for hot water supplying and cooler stage with chilled water. The coolant (chilled water) for downstream cooler is produced by an absorption refrigerator operated by the hot water of the upstream heat exchanger. The proposed CCM system requires the modification of cooling air flow network in the gas turbine but produces the direct effect on performance enhancement. When the CCM system is applied to a 700MW Class CC (Combined Cycle) plant (GT TIT: 135°C Class), it is expected that there will be a 40–80MW increase in power and +2–5% relative increase in thermal efficiency.

Analysis of Efficiency and Water Recovery in Steam Injected Gas Turbines

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Paepe ◽  
E. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Blade Cooling

The study presented in this paper has two objectives. The first objective is to analyse the efficiency of the steam injected gas turbine by modelling the thermodynamic cycle. This is done by adapting a calculation model for turbine blade cooling proposed by El Masri (1986). The expansion path is divided into small subintervals, to take into account the changing gas properties during the expansion. This model is then verified for four different industrial machines. The basic cycle as well as cycles with thermodynamic improvements as intercooling, heat recuperation by heat exchanger and blade cooling using steam are studied. The calculations are done for a range of pressure ratios (PR) and turbine inlet temperatures (TIT), with methane (CH4) as fuel being representative of natural gas. A comparison is made with a simple cycle gas turbine and with a combined cycle system. The maximum efficiency of the basic cycle is found to be around 49 % with current gas turbine technology. Steam blade cooling is extremely simple to implement in a steam injected gas turbine and is found to be thermodynamically very attractive, bringing the maximum efficiency to about 52 %. Secondly the water recuperation in the condenser is analysed. Due to the combustion of the fuel, water is formed. As a result, the dew point temperature of the combustion gas without steam injection can be rather high, i.e. around 45 °C. As a consequence, the amount of water corresponding to the injected steam can be recuperated by cooling the gas mixture to the original dew point temperature. Closing the cycle for water is in this case thermodynamically possible. The practical recuperation of water in the condenser is studied on a test rig with a simulated gas turbine augmented with a condenser and steam injection. This proves that complete recuperation of the injected water is technically possible. The conclusion of the study is that a steam injected gas turbine with complete water recuperation is possible and has a high efficiency.

Influence of Advancements in Gas Turbine Control Systems on Gas Turbine and Combined-Cycle Performance Test Correction Curves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Schmitt ◽  
Christopher R. Banares ◽  
Benjamin D. Morlang ◽  
Matthew C. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Technical Accuracy

Many modern power plants feature gas turbines with advanced control systems that allow a greater level of performance enhancements, over a broader range of the combined-cycle plant’s operating environment, compared to conventional systems. Control system advancements tend to outpace a plant’s construction and commissioning timescale. Often, the control algorithms and settings in place at the final guarantee performance test will differ significantly from those envisioned during the contract agreement phase. As such, the gas turbine’s actual performance response to changes in boundary conditions, such as air temperature and air humidity, will be considerably different than the response illustrated on the initial correction curves. For the sake of technical accuracy, the performance correction curves should be updated to reflect the as-built, as-left behavior of the plant. By providing the most technically accurate curves, the needs of the new plant performance test are satisfied. Also, plant operators receive an accurate means to trend performance over time. The performance correction curves are intended to provide the most technically accurate assurance that the corrected test results are independent of boundary conditions that persist during the performance test. Therefore, after the gas turbine control algorithms and/or settings have been adjusted, the performance correction curves — whether specific to gas turbines or overall combined-cycle plants — should be updated to reflect any change in turbine response. This best practice maintains the highest level of technical accuracy. Failure to employ the available advanced gas turbine control system upgrades can limit the plant performance over the ambient operating regime. Failure to make a corresponding update to the correction curves can cause additional inaccuracy in the performance test’s corrected results. This paper presents a high-level discussion of GE’s recent gas turbine control system advancements, and emphasizes the need to update performance correction curves based on their impact.

Part-Load Performance of Gas Turbines: Part II — Multi-Point Adaptation With Compressor Map Generation and GA Optimization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tsoutsanis ◽  
Y. G. Li ◽  
P. Pilidis ◽  
M. Newby
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Compressor Map ◽  
Performance Adaptation

Accurate gas turbine performance simulation is a vital aid to the operational and maintenance strategy of thermal plants having gas turbines as their prime mover. Prediction of the part load performance of a gas turbine depends on the quality of the engine’s component maps. Taking into consideration that compressor maps are proprietary information of the manufacturers, several methods have been developed to encounter the above limitation by scaling and adapting component maps. This part of the paper presents a new off-design performance adaptation approach with the use of a novel compressor map generation method and Genetic Algorithms (GA) optimization. A set of coefficients controlling a generic compressor performance map analytically is used in the optimization process for the adaptation of the gas turbine performance model to match available engine test data. The developed method has been tested with off-design performance simulations and applied to a GE LM2500+ aeroderivative gas turbine operating in Manx Electricity Authority’s combined cycle power plant in the Isle of Man. It has been also compared with an earlier off-design performance adaptation approach, and shown some advantages in the performance adaptation.

The effect of gas turbine coolant modulation on the part load performance of combined cycle plants. Part 1: Gas turbines

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S Kim ◽  
S T Ro
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Load Characteristics ◽  
Simulation Programme

This paper demonstrates a favourable influence of turbine coolant modulation on the part load performance of gas turbines. A general simulation programme is developed, which is capable of accurately estimating the design and part load performance of modern heavy-duty gas turbines characterized by intensive turbine blade cooling Investigations are made for a typical gas turbine and two distinct load control schemes are considered: the fuel-only control and the variable compressor geometry control. Maintaining blade temperatures as high as possible whose purpose is to minimize coolant consumption is simulated. It is found that the coolant modulation makes the part load characteristics deviate from usual behaviours and creates a considerable enhancement of part load thermal efficiency. For the fuel-only control with coolant modulation, it is predicted that efficiency can be higher than design efficiency over a wide range of part load operation.

Gas Turbine Part Load Exhaust Gas Emissions Turndown Envelope Testing Methodology

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen LeClair ◽  
Thomas Schmitt ◽  
Garth Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

Economic and regulatory requirements have transformed today’s power plant operations. High reserve margins and increased fuel costs have driven combined cycle plants that were once dispatched primarily at base-load to be cycled off during off-peak hours. For many plants, the increased cycling has contributed to shorter maintenance intervals and higher overall operating costs. Technology advancements in combustion system design and in gas turbine control systems has led to extensions in the emissions-compliant operating window of gas turbines, also known as turndown. With extended turndown capability, customers are now able to significantly reduce fuel consumption during minimum load operation at off-peak hours, while simultaneously minimizing the number of shutdowns. Extended turndown reduces operational costs by offsetting the fuel consumption costs against the costs associated with starting up and the maintenance costs associated with such starts. Along with the increased emphasis on turndown capability, there has been a rising need to develop and standardize methods by which turndown capability can be accurately measured and reported. By definition, the limiting factor for turndown is the exhaust gas emissions, primarily CO and NOx. A concurrent and accurate measurement of performance and emissions is an essential ingredient to the determination of turndown capability. Of particular challenge is the method by which turndown results that were measured at one set of ambient conditions can be accurately projected to a specific guarantee condition, or to a range of ambient conditions, for which turndown capabilities have been guaranteed. The turndown projection methodology needs to consider combustion physics, control system algorithms, and basic cycle thermodynamics. Recent advances in the integration of empirically tuned physics-based combustion models with control system models and the gas turbine thermodynamic simulation, has resulted in test procedures for use in the contractual demonstration of turndown capability. A discussion of these methods is presented, along with data showing the extent to which the methods have provided accurate and repeatable test results.

A Study of Cycle Performance of Ceramic Gas Turbines

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sugishita ◽  
H. Mori ◽  
R. Chikami ◽  
Y. Tsukuda ◽  
S. Yoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Cooling Air

A study has been carried out to assess the performance improvement of a combined cycle used for an industrial power plant when ceramic turbine components are employed. This paper presents the details of this study. Performance improvement is obtained as a result of reduced blade cooling air. In this study four different kinds of combined cycles were investigated and these are listed below: A. Combined cycle with a simple gas turbine. B. Combined cycle with an inter-cooled gas turbine. C. Combined cycle with a reheat gas turbine. D. Combined cycle with an inter-cooled reheat gas turbine. Results of this study indicate that the combined cycle with a simple gas turbine is the most practical of the four cycles studied with an efficiency of higher than 60%. The combined cycle with reheat gas turbine has the highest efficiency if a higher compressor exit air temperature and a high gas temperature (over 1000°C) to reheat the combustion system are used. A higher pressure ratio is required to optimize the cycle performance of the combined cycle with the ceramic turbine components than that with the metal turbine components because of reduced blade cooling air. To minimize leakage air for these higher pressure ratios, advanced seal technology should be applied to the gas turbines.

Modern opportunities for preparation of ultra-pure water for feeding high-performance boiler plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
A.A. Filimonova ◽  
◽  
N.D. Chichirova ◽  
A.A. Chichirov ◽  
A.A. Batalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Equipment

The article provides an overview of modern high-performance combined-cycle plants and gas turbine plants with waste heat boilers. The forecast for the introduction of gas turbine equipment at TPPs in the world and in Russia is presented. The classification of gas turbines according to the degree of energy efficiency and operational characteristics is given. Waste heat boilers are characterized in terms of design and associated performance and efficiency. To achieve high operating parameters of gas turbine and boiler equipment, it is necessary to use, among other things, modern water treatment equipment. The article discusses modern effective technologies, the leading place among which is occupied by membrane, and especially baromembrane methods of preparing feed water-waste heat boilers. At the same time, the ion exchange technology remains one of the most demanded at TPPs in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Powering Ahead

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (05) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
The Military

This article explores the increasing use of natural gas in different turbine industries and in turn creating an efficient electrical system. All indications are that the aviation market will be good for gas turbine production as airlines and the military replace old equipment and expanding economies such as China and India increase their air travel. Gas turbines now account for some 22% of the electricity produced in the United States and 46% of the electricity generated in the United Kingdom. In spite of this market share, electrical power gas turbines have kept a much lower profile than competing technologies, such as coal-fired thermal plants and nuclear power. Gas turbines are also the primary device behind the modern combined power plant, about the most fuel-efficient technology we have. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is developing a new J series gas turbine for the combined cycle power plant market that could achieve thermal efficiencies of 61%. The researchers believe that if wind turbines and gas turbines team up, they can create a cleaner, more efficient electrical power system.

A Control System for a High-Quality Generating Set Equipped With a Two-Shaft Gas Turbine

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kumakura ◽  
T. Matsumura ◽  
E. Tsuruta ◽  
A. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Generating Set ◽  
Generating Sets ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Computer Centers ◽  
Supply Systems

A control system has been developed for a high-quality generating set (150-kW) equipped with a two-shaft gas turbine featuring a variable power turbine nozzle. Because this generating set satisfies stringent frequency stability requirements, it can be employed as the direct electric power source for computer centers without using constant-voltage, constant-frequency power supply systems. Conventional generating sets of this kind have normally been powered by single-shaft gas turbines, which have a larger output shaft inertia than the two-shaft version. Good frequency characteristics have also been realized with the two-shaft gas turbine, which provides superior quick start ability and lower fuel consumption under partial loads.

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