Numerical Analysis of Gas Turbine Inlet Fogging Nozzle Manifold Pressure Drop

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Zhang ◽  
Qun Zheng ◽  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Injection Angle ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Inlet Duct

The air pressure drop over the nozzles manifolds of inlet fogging system and the flow resistance downstream of the nozzle array (manifold) have always been an area of concern and is the object of this paper. Fogging nozzles arrays (involving several hundred nozzles) are mounted on channels and beams, downstream of the inlet filters and affect the pressure drop. The water injection angle, nozzle injection velocities and the progressive evaporation of the water droplets evaporation all influence the inlet pressure seen at the gas turbine inlet. This paper focuses on a numerical simulation investigation of flow resistance (pressure drop) of inlet fogging systems. In this research effort, the inlet duct is meshed in order to compute the pressure drop over the nozzles frames in fogging and non-fogging conditions. First, the resistance coefficients of an air intake filter are obtained by numerical and experimental methods, and then the coefficients are used for the simulation of the inlet duct by considering the filter as a porous media. Effects of nozzle spread pattern and water injection pattern are then modeled. The results indicate that injection velocity and arrangement of nozzles could have significant effects on the pressure drop and intake distortion, which will affect compressor performance. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the pressure drop and evaporation of inlet fogging and will be of value to gas turbine inlet fogging system designers and users.

Investigation on Cooling Effectiveness and Flow Resistance of Inlet Fogging Location in Gas Turbine Inlet Duct

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Zhang ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Qun Zheng ◽  
Mustapha Chaker
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Inlet Duct

The output power and efficiency of gas turbines are reduced significantly during the hot weather, particularly in areas where the daytime temperature reaches as high as 50 °C. Gas turbine inlet fogging and overspray has been considered a efficient and cost-effective method to augment the power output. Therefore, the evaporation effect and the flow resistance performance in the inlet duct after the inlet fogging applied are the objectives of this paper. The nozzles array mounted on channels and beams, and they have effects on the pressure drop. Installation site of the fogging nozzles which is relative to the silencers also have impact on the effectiveness of evaporation and cooling. For research the evaporative cooling effect in the duct, the whole inlet duct is meshed in this research to compute the pressure drop through the nozzles frames under fogging and none-fogging conditions with CFD method. The results indicate that injection velocity and arrangement of nozzles have significant effects on the pressure drops and cooling effect, which will affect compressor performance. Gas turbine is sensitive not only to the inlet temperature, but also to the inlet pressure drop. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the pressure drop and evaporation of inlet fogging and will be of values to gas turbine inlet fogging system designers and users.

Gas Turbines with Heat Exchanger and Water Injection in the Compressed Air

1970 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Gašparović ◽  
J. G. Hellemans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Water injection into the compressed air between the compressor and the heat exchanger of a gas turbine plant represents only one of various possible methods of introducing water into a gas turbine cycle. With this process, it is advantageous to inject just sufficient water to produce saturation of the compressed air with water vapour. Assuming that the same size of heat exchanger is used, the following changes are introduced as compared with a gas turbine cycle without water injection. The efficiency is increased to an extent equivalent to raising the temperature at the turbine inlet by 100 degC. The gain in specific work is still greater. It attains values which can only be achieved with about 140 degC higher temperature at the turbine inlet. With a normal size of heat exchanger, the water consumption is about 6–8 per cent of the mass flow of air. This rate of consumption is not high enough to introduce any detrimental side effects in the cycle. Special water treatment is not necessary. The performance of existing designs or installations without a heat exchanger can be improved by adding a heat exchanger and water injection without necessitating any change in pressure ratio.

Modeling of Droplet Evaporation for Gas Turbine Inlet Fogging Systems with Different Water Injection Ratios

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Hoon Kim ◽  
Hyung-Jong Ko ◽  
Young Sun Park ◽  
Theodore E. Simos ◽  
George Psihoyios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Droplet Evaporation ◽  
Turbine Inlet

scholarly journals Performance Gains Derived From Water Injection in Regenerative, Indirect-Fired, Coal-Fueled Gas Turbines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Parsons ◽  
Thomas F. Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

This paper discusses the performance benefits available from compressor discharge water injection in an indirect-fired gas turbine. The results of parametric performance studies are the main technical focus. The performance studies are part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) indirect-fired gas turbine program. The key technical approach is to develop a high-pressure, coal-fired ceramic heat exchanger to serve as the air heater. A high-pressure coal-fired ceramic air heater is now under development in a DOE-sponsored program at Hague International. The goal of this program is to develop a heat exchanger suitable for turbine inlet temperatures from 1,100 to 1,260 °C. With a turbine inlet temperature in this range, coal-fired indirect systems have performance superior to direct-fired gas-fueled simple cycle systems. Using conservative assumptions, the coal-fired indirect cycle has calculated net plant efficiencies in the 32 to 37 percent range, on a higher heating value (HHV) basis, at typical pressure ratios and 1,260 °C (2,300 °F) turbine inlet temperature. Adding a steam bottoming cycle raises the net plant efficiency (NPE) to 44–48 percent HHV. Adding water injection raises the simple cycle efficiency to 41–43 percent HHV and the combined cycle efficiency to 47–54 percent HHV. These NPE’s compare favorably to the most advanced industrial direct-fired systems. For example, a natural gas-fired GE MS7001-F has published HHV efficiencies of 31.1 percent simple cycle and 46.1 percent combined cycle (Gas Turbine World, 1990).

CFD Simulation of Water Injection in GT Inlet Duct Using Spray Experimentally Tuned Data: Nozzle Spray Simulation Model and Results for an Application to a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Andrea De Pascale ◽  
Antonio Peretto ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Computational Flow Dynamics ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Duct Geometry ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Inlet Duct

This study describes an application of Computational Flow Dynamics (CFD) to the two-phase flow problem of water injection into a compressor inlet duct for fogging systems. The paper addresses issues related to the CFD setup and the developed spray simulation model. Water injection is simulated by fitting experimental data on sprays obtained from industrial nozzles. In particular, the initial droplets size distribution is defined in accordance with results of laboratory tests on impaction-pin type nozzles. By using a commercial CFD software, 3D numerical simulations have been carried out on a typical gas turbine inlet duct. The effects of the duct geometry, filter and silencer on the duct internal air flow-field were analyzed. Finally, the effect of water injection carried out by means of an array of nozzles in the inlet duct is investigated. The paper presents the CFD two-phase results obtained for the application case under study; the analysis of the compressor bellmouth conditions due to the evaporation phenomenon is included in the paper.

scholarly journals Status of Marine Gas Turbine Inlet Development Program

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Frazier ◽  
R. E. Ruskin ◽  
E. W. Mihalek
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Inlet Duct

Over ocean, salt aerosols ingested in the combustion air of a marine gas turbine cause engine compressor fouling and are a primary factor in engine hot section corrosion. To minimize salt ingestion effects on engine performance and life, a high performance salt filtration system is required. The U.S. Navy is currently conducting the Gas Turbine Inlet Development Program. The program consists of work elements including salt filter tests, at-sea salt-in-air measurements, ship aerodynamic studies, inlet duct design, etc. To complete the assigned work tasks, Navy facilities had to develop state-of-the-art instrumentation and test procedures. Based on these work tasks, the U.S. Navy will publish a Gas Turbine Inlet System Design Handbook. The handbook will provide design guidance for the ship builder and inlet duct designer for optimizing shipboard salt filtration perfmance.

Field Conversion of a Low-Firing Frame 7B Gas Turbine Power Plant to Ultra-Low Emission Combustion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Demougeot ◽  
Jeffrey A. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Technical Discussion

The search for power plant sustainability options continues as regulating agencies exert more stringent industrial gas turbine emission requirements on operators. Purchasing power for resale, de-commissioning current capabilities altogether and repowering by replacing or converting existing equipment to comply with emissions standards are economic-driven options contemplated by many mature gas turbine operators. NRG’s Gilbert power plant based in Milford, NJ began commercial operation in 1974 and is fitted with four (4) natural gas fired GE’s 7B gas turbine generators with two each exhausting to HRSG’s feeding one (1) steam turbine generator. The gas turbine units, originally configured with diffusion flame combustion systems with water injection, were each emitting 35 ppm NOx with the New Jersey High Energy Demand Day (HEED) regulatory mandate to reduce NOx emissions to sub 10 ppm by May 1st, 2015. Studies were conducted by the operator to evaluate the economic viability & installation of environmental controls to reduce NOx emissions. It was determined that installation of post-combustion environmental controls at the facility was both cost prohibitive and technically challenging, and would require a fundamental reconfiguration of the facility. Based on this economic analysis, the ultra-low emission combustion system conversion package was selected as the best cost-benefit solution. This technical paper will focus on the ultra low emissions technology and key features employed to achieve these low emissions, a description of the design challenges and solution to those, a summary of the customer considerations in down selecting options and an overview of the conversion scope. Finally, a technical discussion of the low emissions operational flexibility will be provided including performance results of the converted units.

Experimental Study on Flow Behavior and Heat Transfer Enhancement with Distinct Dimpled Gas Turbine Blade Internal Cooling Channel

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Farah Nazifa Nourin ◽  
Ryoichi S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Cooling Channel ◽  
Transfer Enhancement

Abstract The study presents the investigation on heat transfer distribution along a gas turbine blade internal cooling channel. Six different cases were considered in this study, using the smooth surface channel as a baseline. Three different dimples depth-to-diameter ratios with 0.1, 0.25, and 0.50 were considered. Different combinations of partial spherical and leaf dimples were also studied with the Reynolds numbers of 6,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, and 50,000. In addition to the experimental investigation, the numerical study was conducted using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to validate the data. It was found that the highest depth-to-diameter ratio showed the highest heat transfer rate. However, there is a penalty for increased pressure drop. The highest pressure drop affects the overall thermal performance of the cooling channel. The results showed that the leaf dimpled surface is the best cooling channel based on the highest Reynolds number's heat transfer enhancement and friction factor. However, at the lowest Reynolds number, partial spherical dimples with a 0.25 depth to diameter ratio showed the highest thermal performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document