Experimental Investigation of a Simulated Byproduct Fuel Mixture From the Cl-ODH Process in a Spark-Ignition Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Gore ◽  
Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod ◽  
Tiegang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Minor Compounds

Abstract The study investigates a fuel mixture with ethane and methane as active species and a high dilution of CO2 for application in a spark-ignition (SI) engine. The simplified fuel mixture used is a byproduct of a chemical looping based oxidative dehydrogenation (Cl-ODH) process to convert ethane to ethylene. The byproduct gas mixture has a concentration of 41% CO2, 40% ethane, and 5% methane by weight along with other minor compounds. Varying mixtures of ethane and methane were selected and combined with between 42 to 46 percent by weight CO2 to evaluate the viability and efficiency of this fuel to operate in existing internal combustion engines as a means for reducing emissions and improving the process efficiency of the Cl-ODH process. An experimental test stand was built based on a 13 hp gasoline generator with modified gas induction. The engine was also instrumented for data acquisition from the engine. A gas metering and mixing system was installed to precisely control the mass of gases induced into the engine. Various instrumentation was installed on the engine to monitor in-cylinder pressure, temperature at various locations, emissions, and fuel and airflow rates. Varying loads were applied and flow rates of the gases were induced to simulate different mixtures. It was found that under a high load, the mixed gas was able to generate comparable thermal efficiency and power to gasoline. But under no load or a part load condition the indicated thermal efficiency was found to be lower than that of gasoline. Further, the mixed gas also resulted in lower CO and NOx emissions compared to gasoline. The application of this work is an alternative fuel for existing engines that with little modification can operate effectively and benefit the overall process of ethylene generation.

Analysis of Thermal Efficiency in a Hydrogen Premixed Spark Ignition Engine

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Shudo ◽  
Yasuo Nakajima ◽  
Takayuki Futakuchi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Methane Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Hydrogen Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Chamber Wall ◽  
Flame Velocity

Abstract Hydrogen has higher flame velocity and smaller quenching distance than hydrocarbon fuels, and is supposed to have special characteristics in combustion process of internal combustion engines. In this research, contributors to thermal efficiency in a hydrogen premixed spark ignition engine were analyzed and compared with methane combustion. Results showed hydrogen combustion had higher cooling loss to combustion chamber wall, and thermal efficiency of hydrogen combustion was mainly dominated by both cooling loss to combustion chamber wall and degree of constant volume combustion.

Assessing the Influence of Compression Ratio on Engine Characteristics Including Operational Limits of a Biogas-Fueled Spark-Ignition Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar Gupta ◽  
Mayank Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Biogas, which is a renewable alternative fuel, has high antiknocking properties with the potential to substitute fossil fuels in internal combustion engines. In this study, performance characteristics of a spark-ignition (SI) engine operated under methane (baseline case) and biogas are compared at the compression ratio (CR) of 8.5:1. Subsequently, the effect of CR on operational limits, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of the engine fueled with biogas is evaluated. A variable compression ratio, spark-ignition engine was operated at various CRs of 8.5:1, 10:1, 11:1, 13:1, and 15:1 over a wide range of operating loads at 1500 rpm. Results showed that the operating range of the engine at 8.5:1 CR reduced when biogas was utilized in the engine instead of methane. However, the operating range of the engine for biogas extended with an increase in CR—an increase from 9.6 N-m-16.5 N-m to 2.8 N-m-15.1 N-m was observed when CR was increased from 8.5:1 to 15:1. The brake thermal efficiency improved from 13.7% to 16.3%, and the coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) reduced from 12.7% to 1.52% when CR was increased from 8.5:1 to 15:1 at 8 N-m load. The emission level of carbon dioxide was decreased with an increase in CR due to an improvement in the thermal efficiency and the combustion process.

Application of a Spark Ignition Engine Simulation Tool for Alternative Fuels

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirendra N. Mustafi ◽  
Robert R. Raine
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Research Areas

Investigations on alternative fuels for internal combustion engines are regarded as one of the major research areas for the age. Engine simulation tools can play an important role in such investigations without performing the experimental works. It usually saves both time and money and provides better and additional understanding where the experimental facilities are limited. A spark ignition (SI) engine simulation tool (ISIS) is used in this present study to simulate the performance and emissions of SI engines, operated on alternative fuels such as biogas and “Powergas” (a synthesis gaseous fuel mixture of mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen). An extended investigation is done for the oxides of nitrogen emissions considering multiple burn zones. The results are verified against those obtained for engine torque/brake power, exhaust temperature, and exhaust emissions experimentally and a good agreement is found between them.

scholarly journals Detailed Experimental Investigation of A Spark Ignition Engine in A Wide Range of Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melih Yıldız ◽  
Bilge Albayrak Çeper
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Wide Range

For years, the goal of vehicle manufacturers; combustion control of spark ignition engines, ease of passage between the various cycles For years, the goal of vehicle manufacturers; combustion control of spark ignition engines, ease of passage between the various cycles, low emission values of diesel engines, high fuel economy and output power, thereby achieving optimum values in internal combustion engines. In this context, to improve the engine performance and increase the volumetric and thermal efficiency of the engine in all operating conditions to minimize the power losses and to reduce the exhaust emissions in order to obtain the maximum power, most economical and without environmental pollution, continues to be updated. In this study, the optimum working map of the engine was obtained by considering the power, torque, specific fuel consumption, cylinder pressure, exhaust gas temperature, thermal efficiency, average effective pressure, heat dissipation rate and emissions of four stroke, two cylinder, spark ignition SI engine fuel.

scholarly journals Ammonia Emissions in SI Engines Fueled with LPG

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Andrzej Żółtowski ◽  
Wojciech Gis
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
The Impact

Ammonia is a toxic exhaust component emitted from internal combustion engines. Both pure ammonia and the products of its reaction with nitrogen and sulfur compounds, being the source of particulate matter (PM) emissions, are dangerous for human health and life. The aim of the article was to demonstrate that NH3 can be produced in exhaust gas after-treatment systems of spark-ignition (SI) engines used in light-duty vehicles. In some cases, NH3 occurs in high enough concentrations that can be harmful and dangerous. It would be reasonable to collect research data regarding this problem and consider the advisability of limiting these pollutant emissions in future regulations. The article presents the results of the spark-ignition engine testing on an engine test bench and discusses the impact of the air–fuel ratio regulation and some engine operating parameters on the concentration of NH3. It has been proven that in certain engine operating conditions and a combination of circumstances like the three-way catalytic reactor (TWC) temperature and periodic enrichment of the air–fuel mixture may lead to excessive NH3 emissions resulting from the NO conversion in the catalytic reactor. This is a clear disadvantage due to the lack of limitation of these pollutant emissions by the relevant type-approval regulations. This article should be a contribution to discussion among emissions researchers whether future emission regulations (e.g., Euro 7 or Euro VII) should include a provision to reduce NH3 emissions from all vehicles.

MODELING NANOSECOND-PULSED SPARK DISCHARGE AND FLAME KERNEL EVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Joohan Kim ◽  
Vyaas Gururajan ◽  
Riccardo Scarcelli ◽  
Sayan Biswas ◽  
Isaac Ekoto
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Flame Kernel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Kernel Growth

Abstract Dilute combustion, either using exhaust gas recirculation or with excess-air, is considered a promising strategy to improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines. However, the dilute air-fuel mixture, especially under intensified turbulence and high-pressure conditions, poses significant challenges for ignitability and combustion stability, which may limit the attainable efficiency benefits. In-depth knowledge of the flame kernel evolution to stabilize ignition and combustion in a challenging environment is crucial for effective engine development and optimization. To date, comprehensive understanding of ignition processes that result in the development of fully predictive ignition models usable by the automotive industry does not yet exist. Spark-ignition consists of a wide range of physics that includes electrical discharge, plasma evolution, joule-heating of gas, and flame kernel initiation and growth into a self-sustainable flame. In this study, an advanced approach is proposed to model spark-ignition energy deposition and flame kernel growth. To decouple the flame kernel growth from the electrical discharge, a nanosecond pulsed high-voltage discharge is used to trigger spark-ignition in an optically accessible small ignition test vessel with a quiescent mixture of air and methane. Initial conditions for the flame kernel, including its thermodynamic state and species composition, are derived from a plasma-chemical equilibrium calculation. The geometric shape and dimension of the kernel are characterized using a multi-dimensional thermal plasma solver. The proposed modeling approach is evaluated using a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics procedure to compare the simulated flame kernel evolution against flame boundaries from companion schlieren images.

Simulation of Extended Expansion Lean Burn Spark Ignition Engine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manivannan ◽  
R. Ramprabhu ◽  
P. Tamilporai ◽  
S. Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Valve Closure ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Atkinson Cycle

This paper deals with Numerical Study of 4-stoke, Single cylinder, Spark Ignition, Extended Expansion Lean Burn Engine. Engine processes are simulated using thermodynamic and global modeling techniques. In the simulation study following process are considered compression, combustion, and expansion. Sub-models are used to include effect due to gas exchange process, heat transfer and friction. Wiebe heat release formula was used to predict the cylinder pressure, which was used to find out the indicated work done. The heat transfer from the cylinder, friction and pumping losses also were taken into account to predict the brake mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. Extended Expansion Engine operates on Otto-Atkinson cycle. Late Intake Valve Closure (LIVC) technique is used to control the load. The Atkinson cycle has lager expansion ratio than compression ratio. This is achieved by increasing the geometric compression ratio and employing LIVC. Simulation result shows that there is an increase in thermal efficiency up to a certain limit of intake valve closure timing. Optimum performance is attained at 90 deg intake valve closure (IVC) timing further delaying the intake valve closure reduces the engine performance.

scholarly journals Impact of Simulated Biogas Compositions (CH4 and CO2) on Vibration, Sound Pressure and Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7037
Author(s):  
Donatas Kriaučiūnas ◽  
Tadas Žvirblis ◽  
Kristina Kilikevičienė ◽  
Artūras Kilikevičius ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Positive Correlation

Biogas has increasingly been used as an alternative to fossil fuels in the world due to a number of factors, including the availability of raw materials, extensive resources, relatively cheap production and sufficient energy efficiency in internal combustion engines. Tightening environmental and renewable energy requirements create excellent prospects for biogas (BG) as a fuel. A study was conducted on a 1.6-L spark ignition (SI) engine (HR16DE), testing simulated biogas with different methane and carbon dioxide contents (100CH4, 80CH4_20CO2, 60CH4_40CO2, and 50CH4_50CO2) as fuel. The rate of heat release (ROHR) was calculated for each fuel. Vibration acceleration time, sound pressure and spectrum characteristics were also analyzed. The results of the study revealed which vibration of the engine correlates with combustion intensity, which is directly related to the main measure of engine energy efficiency—break thermal efficiency (BTE). Increasing vibrations have a negative correlation with carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, but a positive correlation with nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Sound pressure also relates to the combustion process, but, in contrast to vibration, had a negative correlation with BTE and NOx, and a positive correlation with emissions of incomplete combustion products (CO, HC).

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