Enhanced Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Zinc Using Rapeseed

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghani ◽  
S. V. Slycken ◽  
E. Meers ◽  
F. M. G. Tack ◽  
F. Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetracetic Acid ◽  
Plant Shoots ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

In a green house pot experiment, the effects of three amendments, sulphur (S), ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) were tested for phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Elemental sulphur was applied as 20.00, 60.00, and 120.00 mg.kg−1 soil. EDTA was tested at a dose of 585.00 mg.kg−1 soil, and (NH4)2SO4) at a rate of 0.23 mg.kg−1 soil. All treatments received a base fertilization (Hogland) before sowing. Plants were harvested after 51 days of growth and shoot dry matter and soil samples were analysed for metal contents. All amendments caused a significant increase in Cd and Zn contents in plant shoots of all treatments than control treatment. Further, EDTA was most effective for extraction metals concentrations in shoot biomass but the plants showed significant signs of toxicity and yield were severely depressed. The addition of sulfur favorably influenced plant biomass production. The fertilized ammonium sulfate treatment resulted in the highest phytoextraction of Cd and Zn and the amounts of these metals accumulated in plant shoot exceeded by a factor of 4 and 3 respectively. Finally, Brassica napus could be used for soil remediation keeping its other uses which will make the contaminated site income generating source for the farmers.

scholarly journals  Effect of 2,4-D as a novel inducer of embryogenesis in microspores of Brassica napus L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Ardebili ◽  
M.E. Shariatpanahi ◽  
R. Amiri ◽  
M. Emamifar ◽  
M. Oroojloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time

The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applied at high concentrations for a short time was investigated as a novel stress for induction of microspore embryogenesis for the first time. Brassica napus L. cvs. Topas and Hyola 420 were used as model plants for testing this hypothesis. Microspores were subjected to 2,4-D at 4 concentrations (15, 25, 35 and 45 mg/l) for 15–45 min while the classical heat shock was used as the control treatment. Among 2,4-D treatments in Topas, the highest yield of torpedo-stage embryos was achieved at 15 mg/l 2,4-D for 30 min while more normal plantlets were produced when 2,4-D (25 mg/l for 30 min) was applied to the microspores. In Hyola 420 the results showed a lower number of embryos and normal plantlets at all concentrations of 2,4-D. Although Hyola 420 was almost equally embryogenic as Topas after heat shock treatment, large differences between genotypes (concerning embryogenic response) occurred after 2,4-D treatment. However, the mean number of embryos and regenerants was higher in heat shock as compared to 2,4-D induced stress (one magnitude of order). According to the results obtained, 2,4-D can be introduced as a new stress for induction of embryogenesis in microspores similarly like in zygotic and somatic cells. This novel stress is very important for plant species whose microspores are extremely sensitive to classical stresses.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Capacity of Beneficial Bacterial Inoculants to Enhance Canola (Brassica napus L.) Growth under Low Water Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Dasun Premachandra ◽  
Lee Hudek ◽  
Aydin Enez ◽  
Ross Ballard ◽  
Steve Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is the third largest crop produced in Australia after wheat and barley. For such crops, the variability of water access, reduced long-term annual rainfall and increasing water prices, higher overall production costs, and variability in production quantity and quality are driving the exploration of new tools to maintain production in an economical and environmentally sustainable way. Microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere have been shown to enhance plant growth and offer a potential way to maintain or even increase crop production quality and yield in an environmentally sustainable way. Here, seven bacterial isolates from canola rhizosphere samples are shown to enhance canola growth, particularly in low water activity systems. The seven strains all possessed commonly described plant growth promoting traits, including the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, and the capacity to solubilise nutrients (Fe2+/3+ and PO43−). When the isolates were inoculated at the time of sowing in pot-based systems with either sand or clay loam media, and in field trials, a significant increase in dry root and shoot biomass was recorded compared to uninoculated controls. It is likely that the strains’ plant growth promoting capacity under water stress is due to the combined effects of the bacterial phenotypes examined here.

scholarly journals Responses of Low-Cost Input Combinations on the Microbial Structure of the Maize Rhizosphere for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Plant Biomass Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Augusto Yoshiura ◽  
Andressa Monteiro Venturini ◽  
Lucas Palma Perez Braga ◽  
Aline Giovana da França ◽  
Maria do Carmo Catanho Pereira de Lyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

The microbial composition of the rhizosphere and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under the most common input combinations in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivated in Brazil have not been characterized yet. In this study, we evaluated the influence of maize stover coverage (S), urea-topdressing fertilization (F), and the microbial inoculant Azospirillum brasilense (I) on soil GHG emissions and rhizosphere microbial communities during maize development. We conducted a greenhouse experiment and measured methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from soil cultivated with maize plants under factorial combinations of the inputs and a control treatment (F, I, S, FI, FS, IS, FIS, and control). Plant biomass was evaluated, and rhizosphere soil samples were collected at V5 and V15 stages and DNA was extracted. The abundance of functional genes (mcrA, pmoA, nifH, and nosZ) was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the structure of the microbial community was assessed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our results corroborate with previous studies which used fewer input combinations and revealed different responses for the following three inputs: F increased N2O emissions around 1 week after application; I tended to reduce CH4 and CO2 emissions, acting as a plant growth stimulator through phytohormones; S showed an increment for CO2 emissions by increasing carbon-use efficiency. IS and FIS treatments presented significant gains in biomass that could be related to Actinobacteria (19.0%) and Bacilli (10.0%) in IS, and Bacilli (9.7%) in FIS, which are the microbial taxa commonly associated with lignocellulose degradation. Comparing all factors, the IS (inoculant + maize stover) treatment was considered the best option for plant biomass production and GHG mitigation since FIS provides small gains toward the management effort of F application.

Insights into the functional relationship between cytokinin-induced root system phenotypes and nitrate uptake in Brassica napus

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Guo ◽  
Jonathan Love ◽  
Jiancheng Song ◽  
Jessica Roche ◽  
Matthew H. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Root System ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
15N Uptake

Root system architecture is the spatial arrangement of roots that impacts the capacity of plants to access nutrients and water. We employed pharmacologically generated morphological and molecular phenotypes and used in situ 15N isotope labelling, to investigate whether contrasting root traits are of functional interest in relation to nitrate acquisition. Brassica napus L. were grown in solidified phytogel culture media containing 1 mM KNO3 and treated with the cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine, the cytokinin antagonist, PI-55, or both in combination. The pharmacological treatments inhibited root elongation relative to the control. The contrasting root traits induced by PI-55 and 6-benzylaminopurine were strongly related to 15N uptake rate. Large root proliferation led to greater 15N cumulative uptake rather than greater 15N uptake efficiency per unit root length, due to a systemic response in the plant. This relationship was associated with changes in C and N resource distribution between the shoot and root, and in expression of BnNRT2.1, a nitrate transporter. The root : shoot biomass ratio was positively correlated with 15N cumulative uptake, suggesting the functional utility of root investment for nutrient acquisition. These results demonstrate that root proliferation in response to external nitrate is a behaviour which integrates local N availability and the systemic N status of the plant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pod Sealants in Increasing Pod Shattering Resistance in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainius Steponavičius ◽  
Aurelija Kemzūraitė ◽  
Laimis Bauša ◽  
Ernestas Zaleckas
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Net Profit

Shattering of pods of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a major cause of seed yield losses prior to and during harvesting. In order to reduce shattering, researchers have been engaged in the development of special preparations that are known as pod sealants (PS). Despite the fact that there are already developed and commercialized PSs that have only been effective on seed yield preservation under certain environmental conditions, there is still a need to create a more versatile and efficient PS. Currently, the most promising method of controlling pod shattering in oilseed rape is the application of our developed novel acrylic- and trisiloxane-based pod sealant (PS4). The effectiveness of PS4 and three commercial pod sealants (PS1, PS2, and PS3) was assessed in this comparative study. By spraying an oilseed rape crop with PS4, natural seed loss can be reduced by 20–70%, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, and loss of seeds during harvest can be reduced by more than three-fold compared with that by the control treatment. Thus, the overall results demonstrated that by applying a novel pod sealant (PS4) to oilseed rape crops 2 weeks before harvest can increase the net profit margin by €30–€150 ha−1. The life cycle assessment showed that during 2014–2016 oilseed rape cultivation, the largest effect on global warming emission (kg CO2 eq) reduction was experimental sealant PS4, i.e., approximately 17% compared to the control.

scholarly journals Comparison of Response of Canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401) to Biofertilizer Inoculation in Optimal and Delayed Cropping Dates

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Yasari
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

In order to compare the effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizer and mineral phosphorous application in optimal date of sowing with delayed cropping date on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and productivity, a split-plot experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Dasht-e-Naz Agronomy Research Station in 2014. Four levels of bacterial inoculation (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, singly or in combination) were applied as main plots and five levels of mineral phosphorous application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg/ha of mineral phosphorous) were applied as sub plots. Canola plant were sown at two dates of sowing, one at optimal date of sowing (Sept. 30, 2014) and the other one month later as delayed cropping (Oct. 30, 2014). The results obtained showed that effects of bacterial inoculation on number of seeds per pod, number of pods on plant, and seed yield were significant at one percent probability level at both sowing dates. Moreover, rates of phosphate application had significant effects on all traits at one percent level. Comparing the means showed that application of mineral P resulted in substantial increase in seed yield. At optimal date of sowing, it was shown that while minimum seed yield obtained at control treatment (1600 kg/ha), the maximum (2980 kg/ha) obtained with interaction effects of application of both bacterial strains along with 75 kg/ha mineral P, having no statistically difference with that of P. fluorescence along with 75 kg/ha mineral P (2940 kg/ha). It was shown that delayed cropping resulted in decreasing canola growth which is reflected in seed yield and yield components. Minimum seed yield at control plot at first date of sowing (1600 kg/ha) decreased to 740 kg/ha in second date of sowing, showing 54% decrease. The maximum seed yield also decreased in delayed cropping, from 2980 kg/ha at Sept. 30, 2014 as compared to 1074 kg/ha at Oct. 30, 2014, showing a 64% decrease. The results obtained showed that an increase in P level, eventually enhanced the seed yield. This increasing trend continued until a threshold level (75 kg/ha of P), after which seed yield showed a declining fashion.

Seeding date and polymer seed coating effects on plant establishment and yield of fall-seeded canola in the Northern Great Plains

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
P. R. Miller ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
Y. Gan ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seeding Date

The time interval for planting fall-seeded Brassica napus L. canola in the Northern Great Plains is narrow, since seeding must occur as close to soil freeze-up as possible to minimize the risk of winter kill. The Prairie ecoregion tends to have more stable fall and winter temperatures than the Rocky Mountain foothill region, where fall and winter chinooks may initiate germination and increase the risk of winter mortality. Our objectives were to determine an optimum seeding date interval for fall-seeded canola and whether a water-impervious polymer seed coating could advance the seeding date and reduce the risk of stand loss and corresponding yield reduction in two distinct agroecoregions. A range of fall seeding dates and a water-impervious polymer seed coating vs. a control treatment (water-soluble film) were assessed at 14 sites (five locations) from 1998 to 2001 in Alberta and Saskatchewan (Prairie sites) and at six sites (four locations 1999–2001) in Montana, USA (Foothill sites). Highest seedling densities and canola yield responses for the control treatment were attained in the first 2 wk of November in the Prairie sites, while responses to seed date were much more variable in the Foothill region. In the Prairie sites, the water-impervious polymer seed coating improved seedling density and seed yield as seeding date was progressively moved forward from the first week of November to the first week of October. The benefit of the water-impervious polymer seed coating became notable when soil temperatures were above 5°C. The water-impervious polymer coating provided only marginal improvement in plant stand and canola yield in the Foothill region. In the Foothill region and at Lethbridge, fall-seeded canola densities were on average 60% lower than spring-seeded canola densities and fall seeding increased canola yield in only one site-year when compared with spring-seeded canola. In the Prairie region, a water-impervious polymer coating can broaden the time interval for fall seeding; however, it does not ensure that recommended densities of spring seedlings will be attained. The optimum seeding date for fall seeding in the Foothill region could not be adequately defined for either the control or the water-impervious polymer coated seed due to the variable nature of the late fall and winter weather. Key words: Canola (Brassica napus L.), alternative seeding date, germination

scholarly journals Linkage mapping and whole-genome predictions in canola (Brassica napus) subjected to differing temperature treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Chadwick B. Koscielny ◽  
Stuart W. Gardner ◽  
Frank Technow ◽  
Robert W. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Genome Prediction

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is grown on >8 Mha in Canada and is sensitive to high temperatures; therefore, research on breeding methodologies to improve heat-stress tolerance is warranted. This study utilised a doubled-haploid population created from two parents (PB36 and PB56) that differed in their ability to set seed following growth at high temperatures. The experiment was designed to identify potential quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for conferring tolerance to increased temperatures, and to utilise this population as a test case for evaluating the prospects of whole-genome prediction. The population was phenotyped in a split-plot, randomised complete block experimental design at three locations with two planting-date treatments. The first planting date was during the normal planting period (control), and the second planting was timed to experience increased average temperatures (1.7°C, 2.0°C and 1.2°C) and increased number of days with maximum temperatures above the critical temperature of 29.5°C (4, 12 and 3 days). The stress treatment reduced yield on average by 16.7%. There were 66 QTLs discovered across the nine traits collected. Given the quantitative nature of the traits collected, the ability to use whole-genome prediction was investigated. The prediction accuracies ranged from 0.14 (yield) to 0.66 (1000-seed weight). Prediction had higher accuracy within the stress treatment than within the control treatment for seven of the nine traits, demonstrating that phenotyping within a stress environment can provide valuable data for whole-genome predictions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Response of Canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Hyola 401) to Biofertilizer Inoculation in Optimal and Delayed Cropping Dates

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
E. Yasari ◽  
S. Mozaffari ◽  
O. Ghasemi Chepi ◽  
S. Garousi ◽  
B. Bahrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Abstract In order to compare the effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizer and mineral phosphorous application in optimal date of sowing with delayed cropping date on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and productivity, a split-plot experiment, using randomized complete block design with three replications, was conducted at Dashate-Naz Agronomy Research Station, in 2014. Four levels of bacterial inoculation (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, singly or in combination) were applied as main plots and five levels of mineral phosphorus (P) application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg·ha-1 of mineral phosphorous) were applied as sub plots. Canola plant were sown at two dates of sowing, one at optimal date of sowing (30 Sept., 2014) and the other one month later as delayed cropping (30 Oct., 2014). The results obtained showed that effects of bacterial inoculation on number of seeds per pod, number of pods on plant, and seed yield were significant at one percent probability level at both sowing dates. Moreover, rates of phosphate application had significant effects on all traits at one percent level. Comparing the means showed that application of mineral P resulted in substantial increase in seed yield. At optimal date of sowing, it was shown that while minimum seed yield obtained at control treatment (1600 kg·ha-1), the maximum (2980 kg·ha-1) obtained with interaction effects of application of both bacterial strains along with 75 kg·ha-1 mineral P, having no statistically difference with that of P. fluorescens, along with 75 kg·ha-1 mineral P (2940 kg·ha-1). It was shown that delayed cropping resulted in decreasing canola growth which is reflected in seed yield and yield components. Minimum seed yield at control plot at first date of sowing (1600 kg·ha-1) decreased to 740 kg·ha-1, in the second date of sowing, showing 54 % decrease. The maximum seed yield also decreased in delayed cropping, from 2980 kg·ha-1 at 30 Sept., 2014, as compared to 1074 kg·ha-1 at 30 Oct., 2014, showing a 64% decrease. The results obtained showed that an increase in P level, eventually enhanced the seed yield. This increasing trend continued until a threshold level (75 kg·ha-1 of P), after which seed yield showed a declining fashion.

Feasibility of boron fertilization for yield, seed quality and B uptake of canola in northeastern Saskatchewan

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
M. Raza ◽  
J. J. Schoenau ◽  
A. R. Mermut ◽  
R. Kutcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
B Uptake

(Brassica napus L . and B. rapa L.) grown on the sandy soils of northeastern Saskatchewan has been observed to exhibit symptoms similar to B deficiency, and soil testing laboratories often recommend B fertilization on these soils. The objective of the present study was to determine if yield, seed quality and diseases of canola are related to different rates, times and methods of B fertilization on some northeastern Saskatchewan soils (Gray Luvisol) expected to be B deficient. Two growth chamber and seven field experiments were conducted in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. In the field experiments, the treatments included application of B fertilizers as broadcast followed by incorporation (1 to 4 kg B ha-1) prior to seeding, seedrow placement at seeding (0.5 to 2 kg B ha-1) and foliar spray at 10–20% bloom stage (0.25 and 0.50 kg B ha-1) plus a zero B control treatment. In the growth chamber experiments, rates of 1 to 3 mg B kg-1 soil were tested. In the field experiments, seed and straw yields tended to increase in very few of the treatments, with significant increases from incorporated B fertilization at one site for seed and at three sites for straw. The protein content in the seed was significantly increased by B fertilization at one site, while oil content in the seed was not influenced by B fertilization in any field experiment. The B fertilization treatments either increased or tended to increase the B concentration and uptake of B in seed and straw in most cases, with significant contrasts for control vs. incorporated B and seedrow B methods of applications in many cases. The increase in B concentration and uptake of B was usually greater in straw than in seed. Among the methods of B application, the effectiveness of B application could be considered as incorporated B > seedrow B > foliar B. Averaged across the sites and two treatments for each application method for example, B uptake in seed increased by 6.7, 3.8 and 1.0 g ha-1 with incorporated, seedrow and foliar B treatments, respectively. Corresponding methods showed an increase of B uptake in straw by 46, 33 and 23 g ha-1. Disease levels were low for sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotorum) and low to moderate for blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) and alternaria pod spot (Alternaria brassica and A. raphani), and B fertilizer treatments had no impact on the amount or severity of infection for these diseases. In the growth chamber experiments, B fertilization tended to increase the yield of seed and straw (up to 13%) in both soils, with significant contrasts for 0 k g B ha-1 vs. 1, 2 and 3 kg B ha-1 in many cases. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that canola rarely responds to B fertilization in field conditions on soils suspected to be B deficient, but canola response to B was influenced by the method of B application. Key words: Boron concentration and uptake, boron fertilizer, canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.), oil and proteincontent, yield

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