Feasibility Study on the Use of Temperature-Dependent Liposomes for Variable Concentration Profiles in Drug Delivery Applications

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice S. Lee ◽  
Christel M. Munoz ◽  
Blake A. Simmons ◽  
C. R. Bowe Ellis ◽  
Rafael V. Davalos
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Absorbance Spectrum ◽  
Temperature Dependent

A novel methodology for delivering variable drug concentration profiles utilizes a combination of liposomes that destabilize at different rates at body temperature (37° C). Liposomes serve as the mobile drug delivery vehicle and release drugs into the body upon destabilization. Liposome destabilization is studied by monitoring the absorbance spectrum of fluorescent dyes. By combining liposomes of various compositions, concentration profiles that are optimized and tailored to specific patients and applications are feasible.

Preparation and Characterization of Drug-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Saeednia ◽  
A. Usta ◽  
R. Asmatulu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Thermosensitive Hydrogels

Hydrogels are the promising classes of polymeric drug delivery systems with the controlled release rates. Among them, injectable thermosensitive hydrogels with transition temperature around the body temperature have been wildly considered. Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymers, and its biocompatibility and biodegradability makes it a favorable thermosensitive hydrogel that has been attracted much attention in biomedical field worldwide. In this work, a thermosensitive and injectable hydrogel was prepared using chitosan and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) incorporated with an antibacterial drug (gentamycin). This drug loaded hydrogel is liquid at room temperature, and becomes more solidified gel when heated to the body temperature. Adding β-GP into chitosan and drug molecules and heating the overall solution makes the whole homogenous liquid into gel through a 3D network formation. The gelation time was found to be a function of temperature and concentration of β-GP. This thermosensitive chitosan based hydrogel system was characterized using FTIR and visual observation to determine the chemical structure and morphology. The results confirmed that chitosan/(β-GP) hydrogels could be a promising controlled-release drug delivery system for many deadly diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cancer Treatment by using DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE LIPOSOMES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Vinicius LU
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Drug Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Paul Ehrlich

The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body, to achieve promptly and then maintain the desired drug concentration. Conventional drug delivery system achieves as well as maintains the drug concentration with in the therapeutically effective range needed for treatment only when taken several times a day. This results in a significant fluctuation in drug level (Chien YM., 1992). The concept of designing specified delivery system to achieve selective drug targeting has been originated from the perception of Paul Ehrlich, who proposed drug delivery to be as a “magic bullet”.Controlled & Novel delivery envisages optimized drug in the sense that the therapeutic efficacy of a drug is optimized, which also implies nil or minimum side effects. It is expected that the 21st century would witness great changes in the area of drug delivery. The products may be more potent as well as safer. Target specific dosage delivery is likely to overcome much of the criticism of conventional dosage forms.

scholarly journals Construction of a Nanodiamond–Tamoxifen Complex as a Breast Cancer Drug Delivery Vehicle

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda-Lucila Landeros-Martínez ◽  
David Chavez-Flores ◽  
Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda ◽  
Norma Flores-Holguin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Nanodiamond Particle ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicle

According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer represents 16% of all cancer cases in women and is the second most common cancer. In the past decades, the mortality among patients with metastasis breast cancer has been reduced significantly via drug delivery by means of nanodiamond therapies, which are both biocompatible and scalable. In this study, we determined a theoretical pathway for the construction of a nanodiamond–tamoxifen complex that will act as a drug delivery vehicle for targeting tumor tissues of breast cancer. The tamoxifen pharmacophore was defined and the binding zone was identified for the electrostatic interaction between tamoxifen and a functionalized site of a nanodiamond particle allowing for attachment of the payload (this drug) to the surface of the nanodiamond particle. In addition, an analysis of the intermolecular interaction between the nanodiamond and tamoxifen was conducted, showing three hydrogen bonds complying fully with Lipinski’s rule of five, which states that a compound should have five or fewer hydrogen bonds to be permeating and easily absorbed by the body (qualitative prediction). All calculations were performed using the conceptual Density Functional Theory with the M06 functional and the basis set 6-31G(d). The solvent effect has been taken into account by an implicit model, the conductor like polarizable continuum model.

Oxygen Consumption, Body Temperature and Heart Rate of Woodchucks Entering Hibernation

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Ganglionic Blocking

Oxygen consumption, heart rate and temperatures from various parts of the body were measured in woodchucks ( Marmota monax) entering hibernation. Comparisons were made with the chilling of woodchucks anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, with and without the ganglionic blocking agent bis(trimethylammonium)hexane dibromide. Heart rate and oxygen consumption began to decline before any drop in body temperature as animals entered hibernation. The process was usually not continuous, for periodically the heart speeded, oxygen consumption and muscle action potentials increased and, shortly thereafter, the temperature rose transiently with the anterior portion of the body warming faster than the posterior. These partial rewarmings were less and less frequent as the total period of hibernation became longer. As hibernators chilled, the heart was the warmest area, with the thorax warmer than the abdomen. Dead woodchucks curled in the hibernating position chilled faster than the hibernators with the central portion of the abdomen chilling the slowest. In the supine, anesthetized animal, with or without the ganglionic blocking agent, the flow of blood altered the chilling so that the area near the heart remained slightly warmer than the abdomen. If curled in the hibernating position, the heart region remained much warmer than the abdomen because blood flow was curtailed by the restricted position. Chilling of the hibernator was identical to the curled, anesthetized animal except that the thoracic region of the former remained warmer due to periodic rewarmings, and also shivering in this well-muscled area. It is concluded that entrance into hibernation is not strictly temperature-dependent and that the animal is vasodilated during this process.

scholarly journals Mucoadhesive drug delivery system: an overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parijat Pandey ◽  
Manisha Saini ◽  
Neeta .
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Drug Concentration ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Prolonged Retention

The major objective of any dosage form is to deliver an optimum therapeutic amount of active agent to the proper site in the body to attain constant & maintenance of the desired drug concentration. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are effective delivery systems with various advantages as compared to other oral controlled release dosage forms in terms of drug delivery at specific sites with prolonged retention time of drugs at target sites. The main advantage of these systems includes avoiding first pass metabolism of the drugs and hence availability of high drug concentration at target site. Oral mucoadhesive systems have potential ability for controlled and extended release profile so as to get better performance and patient compliance. The present manuscript briefly reviews the benefits of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion, different factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.

Scaffolds for Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas V. Gaikwad ◽  
Abasaheb B. Patil ◽  
Madhuri V. Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells

Scaffolds are used for drug delivery in tissue engineering as this system is a highly porous structure to allow tissue growth.  Although several tissues in the body can regenerate, other tissue such as heart muscles and nerves lack regeneration in adults. However, these can be regenerated by supplying the cells generated using tissue engineering from outside. For instance, in many heart diseases, there is need for heart valve transplantation and unfortunately, within 10 years of initial valve replacement, 50–60% of patients will experience prosthesis associated problems requiring reoperation. This could be avoided by transplantation of heart muscle cells that can regenerate. Delivery of these cells to the respective tissues is not an easy task and this could be done with the help of scaffolds. In situ gel forming scaffolds can also be used for the bone and cartilage regeneration. They can be injected anywhere and can take the shape of a tissue defect, avoiding the need for patient specific scaffold prefabrication and they also have other advantages. Scaffolds are prepared by biodegradable material that result in minimal immune and inflammatory response. Some of the very important issues regarding scaffolds as drug delivery systems is reviewed in this article.

Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3608-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Arif ◽  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Naeem Khan ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Living System ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Artificial Grafts ◽  
Immunological Reactions

Background: Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications. The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc. Objectives: This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many biomedical applications. Methods: : Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques, controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering etc. Results: The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility, nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell. Conclusion: Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.

Monocyte as an Emerging Tool for Targeted Drug Delivery: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (44) ◽  
pp. 5296-5312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakhara Sabir ◽  
Rai K. Farooq ◽  
Asim.ur.Rehman ◽  
Naveed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Bone Marrow Precursor ◽  
Extensive Introduction ◽  
Cancer Inflammation ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Monocytes are leading component of the mononuclear phagocytic system that play a key role in phagocytosis and removal of several kinds of microbes from the body. Monocytes are bone marrow precursor cells that stay in the blood for a few days and migrate towards tissues where they differentiate into macrophages. Monocytes can be used as a carrier for delivery of active agents into tissues, where other carriers have no significant access. Targeting monocytes is possible both through passive and active targeting, the former one is simply achieved by enhanced permeation and retention effect while the later one by attachment of ligands on the surface of the lipid-based particulate system. Monocytes have many receptors e.g., mannose, scavenger, integrins, cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). The ligands used against these receptors are peptides, lectins, antibodies, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. This review encloses extensive introduction of monocytes as a suitable carrier system for drug delivery, the design of lipid-based carrier system, possible ways for delivery of therapeutics to monocytes, and the role of monocytes in the treatment of life compromising diseases such as cancer, inflammation, stroke, etc.

Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5488-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Neupane ◽  
Asiya Mahtab ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Archu Singh ◽  
Namrata Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases. These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.

Exosomes: Structure, Biogenesis, Types and Application in Diagnosis and Gene and Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriya Agarwal ◽  
Vinayak Agarwal ◽  
Mugdha Agarwal ◽  
Manisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Gene Isolation ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Targeted Gene Therapy ◽  
Delivery Mechanism

Abstract: In recent times, several approaches for targeted gene therapy (GT) had been studied. However, the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a shuttle carrying genetic information between cells has gained a lot of interest in scientific communities. Owing to their higher capabilities in dealing with short sequences of nucleic acid (mRNA, miRNA), proteins, recombinant proteins, exosomes, the most popular form of EVs are viewed as reliable biological therapeutic conveyers. They have natural access through every biological membrane and can be employed for site-specific and efficient drug delivery without eliciting any immune responses hence, qualifying as an ideal delivery vehicle. Also, there are many research studies conducted in the last few decades on using exosome-mediated gene therapy into developing an effective therapy with the concept of a higher degree of precision in gene isolation, purification and delivery mechanism loading, delivery and targeting protocols. This review discusses several facets that contribute towards developing an efficient therapeutic regime for gene therapy, highlighting limitations and drawbacks associated with current GT and suggested therapeutic regimes.

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