Preparation and Characterization of Drug-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogels

Volume 3B: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2013-66489 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

L. Saeednia ◽

A. Usta ◽

R. Asmatulu

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Network Formation ◽

Gelation Time ◽

The Body ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

3D Network ◽

Thermosensitive Hydrogels

Hydrogels are the promising classes of polymeric drug delivery systems with the controlled release rates. Among them, injectable thermosensitive hydrogels with transition temperature around the body temperature have been wildly considered. Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymers, and its biocompatibility and biodegradability makes it a favorable thermosensitive hydrogel that has been attracted much attention in biomedical field worldwide. In this work, a thermosensitive and injectable hydrogel was prepared using chitosan and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) incorporated with an antibacterial drug (gentamycin). This drug loaded hydrogel is liquid at room temperature, and becomes more solidified gel when heated to the body temperature. Adding β-GP into chitosan and drug molecules and heating the overall solution makes the whole homogenous liquid into gel through a 3D network formation. The gelation time was found to be a function of temperature and concentration of β-GP. This thermosensitive chitosan based hydrogel system was characterized using FTIR and visual observation to determine the chemical structure and morphology. The results confirmed that chitosan/(β-GP) hydrogels could be a promising controlled-release drug delivery system for many deadly diseases.

Download Full-text

EXTRACTION, MODIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL POLYMERS USED IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN UPDATED REVIEW

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i7.37756 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-20

Author(s):

DIPJYOTI BISWAS ◽

SUDIP DAS ◽

SOURAV MOHANTO ◽

SHUBHRAJIT MANTRY

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

The Body ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery System

The modified/regulated drug delivery system helps to sustain the delivery of the drug for a prolonged period. The modified drug delivery system is primarily aimed at ensuring protection, the effectiveness of the drug, and patient compliance. The transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) falls within the modified drug delivery system, in which the goal is to deliver the drug at a fixed dose and regulated rate through the skin. Polymers are the backbone of the framework for providing transdermal systems. The polymer should be stable, non-toxic, economical, and provide a sustainable release of the drug. In general, natural polymers used in the TDDS as rate-controlling agents, protective, and stabilizing agents and also used to minimize the frequency of dosing and improve the drug’s effectiveness by localizing at the site of action. Nowadays, manufacturers are likely to use natural polymers due to many issues associated with drug release and side effects with synthetic polymers. Drug release processes from natural polymers include oxidation, diffusion, and swelling. Natural polymers may be used as the basis to achieve predetermined drug distribution throughout the body. The use of natural materials for traditional and modern types of dosage forms are gums, mucilages, resins, and plant waste etc. Thus, the main objective of this review article is to give a brief knowledge about the extraction, modification, characterization, and biomedical application of conventional natural polymers used in the transdermal drug delivery system and their future prospective.

Download Full-text

Feasibility Study on the Use of Temperature-Dependent Liposomes for Variable Concentration Profiles in Drug Delivery Applications

Heat Transfer, Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/imece2004-61303 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Eunice S. Lee ◽

Christel M. Munoz ◽

Blake A. Simmons ◽

C. R. Bowe Ellis ◽

Rafael V. Davalos

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Drug Concentration ◽

Fluorescent Dyes ◽

The Body ◽

Concentration Profiles ◽

Delivery Vehicle ◽

Absorbance Spectrum ◽

Temperature Dependent

A novel methodology for delivering variable drug concentration profiles utilizes a combination of liposomes that destabilize at different rates at body temperature (37° C). Liposomes serve as the mobile drug delivery vehicle and release drugs into the body upon destabilization. Liposome destabilization is studied by monitoring the absorbance spectrum of fluorescent dyes. By combining liposomes of various compositions, concentration profiles that are optimized and tailored to specific patients and applications are feasible.

Download Full-text

Magnesium Oxide Based PLGA/Chitosan Microparticles for Controlled Release Study

Volume 14: Emerging Technologies; Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis; Materials: Genetics to Structures ◽

10.1115/imece2015-52143 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Shekh Rahman ◽

Narayan Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Magnesium Oxide ◽

The Body ◽

Hydrophilic Polymers ◽

Chitosan Microparticles ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Release Drug ◽

Release Study ◽

Model Drug

The performance of a therapeutic drug can be optimized by controlling the rate and extent of its release in the body. Polymeric microparticles are ideal vehicles for many controlled release drug delivery applications. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible and FDA approved synthetic polymer. When PLGA based controlled release drug delivery devices are fabricated, the surface of PLGA is typically modified by other hydrophilic polymers. But some hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can negatively influence the therapeutic outcomes. The goal of the present study was to fabricate and investigate the PLGA/chitosan microparticles for controlled release of therapeutic drugs. Chitosan is a naturally occurring biodegradable polysaccharide. We hypothesized that chitosan could be used as a surface coating of PLGA to improve controlled release of therapeutic drugs. The double emulsion solvent evaporation technique was modified and utilized to fabricate the PLGA/chitosan microparticles. The microparticles were tested with respect to several physicochemical properties, such as morphology, size distribution, chemical structure, quantification of chitosan content and in vitro release study of model drug. Magnesium is an essential electrolyte in the human body. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is used for treatment of magnesium deficiency. MgO was encapsulated in the PLGA/chitosan microparticles as a model drug.

Download Full-text

MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES AS INTRANASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.49.01.p0005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (01) ◽

pp. 5-23

Author(s):

Z. Abbas ◽

◽

N. G. N. Swamy

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

High Surface ◽

Research Work ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

The Body ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Nasal Drug Delivery ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Intimate Contact

Mucoadhesive polymers are the topic of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesive microspheres provide the means of improving drug delivery by promoting the residence time at the site of application or absorption and facilitate intimate contact with the underlying absorption surface and thus contribute to improved and/or better therapeutic performance of drugs. Mucoadhesion is the process whereby synthetic and natural polymers adhere to mucosal surfaces in the body. If these materials are then incorporated into pharmaceutical formulations, drug absorption by mucosal cells maybe enhanced or the drug may be released at the site for an extended period of time. Microspheres, in general, have the potential to be used for targeted and controlled release drug delivery; however, coupling of mucoadhesive properties to microspheres has additional advantages like a much more intimate contact with the mucous layer, efficient absorption and enhanced bioavailability of the drugs due to a high surface to volume ratio. The present review describes the potential applications of mucoadhesive microspheres as a novel carrier system to improve nasal drug delivery for systemic or for local effects. The, methods of preparation of microspheres and their in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods and the research work carried out on these systems are also described.

Download Full-text

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL TABLETS CANTANING IVABRADINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY USING NATURAL POLYMERS

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v8i2.588 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Manoj Premi ◽

Manish Kumar Gupta ◽

Bannaruvari Phanindra

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Buccal Mucosa ◽

The Body ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Buccal Tablet ◽

Buccal Drug Delivery ◽

Buccal Tablets

The buccal mucosa is moderately permeable, strong when match up with the other mucosal tissues and is more tolerant to potential allergens which have a compact affinity to unalterable irritation or harm. Mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system offers a control release system; it entails the administration of required drug through the buccal mucosal membrane lining of the oral cavity. The Bioadhesive was resulting from the need to limit drugs at a definite site in the body. Significantly at the absorption site, enhance the degree of drug absorption is restricted by the residence time of the drug. The API, blend of excipients and drug were prepared at the ratio of 1:1, filled in closed vials and kept in accelerated environmental conditions (40°C/75% RH) for a period of 1 month. Excipients were employed here to assess the compatibility issue with the active ingredient. The possible drug and polymer interaction studies were assessed by using FTIR. Calibration curve of ivabradine HCl was constructed by dissolving pure drug of ivabradine HCl (100 mg) in 100 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to give 1mg/mL concentration and designed as stock solution-1. The angle of repose was determined by fixed funnel method. The prepared mucoadhesive buccal tablets were estimated for post compression factors such as thickness, friability, drug content and hardness. The surface pH study was conducted on ivabradine HCl mucoadhesive buccal tablets, carried out to predict the comfort of the buccal formulation into the possibility of any side effects in buccal mucosa environment. F1 and F5 possessed the best results among all the formulations in terms of in vitro release of drug. However, F2 formulation shows highest mucoadhesive and swelling index than other formulation. Therefore, from the data, it may be concluded that F2 formulation might be considered as promising mucoadhesive buccal tablet formulation for a suitable sustained drug delivery system for ivabradine. Keywords: Ivabradine Hydrochloride, Buccal tablet, Mucoadhesive, Natural Polymers.

Download Full-text

Injectable hyaluronic acid-based antibacterial hydrogel adorned with biogenically synthesized AgNPs-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Progress in Biomaterials ◽

10.1007/s40204-021-00155-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pooyan Makvandi ◽

Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽

Matineh Ghomi ◽

Masoud Najafi ◽

Hamid Heydari Sheikh Hossein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Body Temperature ◽

The Body ◽

E Coli ◽

Human Body Temperature ◽

Thermosensitive Hydrogels ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Immense Potential

AbstractInjectable materials have shown great potential in tissue engineering applications. However, bacterial infection is one of the main challenges in using these materials in the field of regenerative medicine. In this study, biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticle-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ag/MWCNTs) were deployed for adorning biogenic-derived AgNPs which were subsequently used in the preparation of thermosensitive hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid encompassing these green-synthesized NPs. The antibacterial capacity of AgNPs decorated on MWCNTs synthesized through Camellia sinensis extract in an organic solvent-free medium displayed a superior activity by inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative (E. coli and Klebsiella) and Gram-positive (S. aureus and E. faecalis). The injectable hydrogel nanocomposites demonstrated good mechanical properties, as well. The thermosensitive hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels also exhibited Tgel below the body temperature, indicating the transition from liquid-like behavior to elastic gel-like behavior. Such a promising injectable nanocomposite could be applied as liquid, pomade, or ointment to enter wound cavities or bone defects and subsequently its transition in situ to gel form at human body temperature bodes well for their immense potential application in the biomedical sector.

Download Full-text

Nanoparticles as carriers of proteins, peptides and other therapeutic molecules

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2018-0035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 285-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Agnieszka Pudlarz ◽

Janusz Szemraj

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

The Body ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Therapeutic Molecules ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Proteins And Peptides

AbstractNanoparticles have many applications both in industry and medicine. Depending upon their physical and chemical properties, they can be used as carriers of therapeutic molecules or as therapeutics. Nanoparticles are made of synthetic or natural polymers, lipids or metals. Their use allows for faster transport to the place of action, thus prolonging its presence in the body and limiting side effects. In addition, the use of such a drug delivery system protects the drug from rapid disintegration and elimination from the body. In recent years, the use of proteins and peptides as therapeutic molecules has grown significantly. Unfortunately, proteins are subject to enzymatic digestion and can cause unwanted immune response beyond therapeutic action. The use of drug carriers can minimize undesirable side effects and reduce the dose of medication needed to achieve the therapeutic effect. The current study presents the use of several selected drug delivery systems for the delivery of proteins, peptides and other therapeutic molecules.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Tumour Activity Following Oral And Intravenous Delivery of Doxorubicin In A Xenograft Model of Breast Tumour

10.21203/rs.3.rs-775257/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farah Rehan ◽

Md. Emranul Karim ◽

Nafees Ahemad ◽

Mohd. Farooq Shaikh ◽

Manish Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Single Dose ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Delivery System ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Tumour Size ◽

The Body ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Control Group ◽

Distribution Analysis

Abstract Extensive studies have been conducted on natural materials due to their unique and biodegradable properties for oral drug delivery. In the current research, we fabricated sodium caseinate nanomicelles (NaCNs) using casein as a natural polymer to develop a controlled-release oral drug delivery system. NaCNs was explored to improve the therapeutic potential of Doxorubicin (DOX) with reduced toxicity in healthy organs. The synthesized and thoroughly characterized DOX-loaded NaCNs were subjected to in vivo anti-tumour evaluation and bio-distribution analysis in a 4T1-induced breast cancer model. Our findings indicated an almost eight-fold reduction in tumour size in the group orally treated with DOX-NaCNs when compared to free DOX. It is plausible that the enhanced anti-tumour effects of oral DOX-NaCNs is related to the controlled release of DOX from the delivery system as well as the longer circulatory time of the drug in the blood, as confirmed by the bio-distribution study, when compared with free DOX and the intravenous formulation of DOX-NaCNs. Additionally, the tumour drug accumulation for the orally administered DOX-NaCNs was 1.27- and 6.8-fold higher than that of the intravenously administered DOX-NaCNs and free DOX, respectively and overall, was 8.34-times higher than the orally administered free DOX. In comparison, the orally administered DOX-NaCNs showed significant reduction in tumour size (5.66 ± 4.36mm3) after the two doses as compared to intravenously administered DOX-NaCNs (10.29 ± 4.86 mm3) on day 17 of the experimental period. Moreover, NaCNs were well tolerated in the mice at a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg in an acute oral toxicity study. Moreover, no significant change in the body weight was observed after treatment with the single dose of NaCNs when compared to the control group. Thus, NaCNs emerge as a safe and non-toxic delivery system with excellent bio-distribution profile and high anti-tumour effects that present as a potential option for oral chemotherapy.

Download Full-text