Correcting Front-End RF Impedance Mismatch for 2.4GHz Wireless Long-Distance Data Transmission

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Chun Wang ◽  
Zhen-Ying Hsieh ◽  
Shu-Han Chao ◽  
Chia-Hao Tu ◽  
Shuang-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impedance Match ◽  
Packet Error Rate ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Impedance Mismatch ◽  
The Real ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
The Difference

In order to increase the higher competition in low-power wireless network communication market, a high-performance and low-cost product is necessary to distinguish the difference with others. Through integrating the system performance with suitable L-shape impedance-match circuit assisting with some network analyzer, this target with a 2.4 GHz radio-frequency (RF) product in long-distance data transportation seems to be promisingly implemented. In short-distance data transportation, the ideal output-link transportation rate (∼ max. 54 Mb/sec) is slightly influenced by impedance mismatch between power amplifier (PA) and antenna port. However, it is tremendously reduced at long-distance condition and the transportation rate is decreased to ∼ 24 Mb/sec. Using the attenuator to attenuate the real input signal to –70dB to simulate the real signal transportation, the packet error rate (PER) is less than 10% at a physical sublayer service data unit (PSDU) length of 1000 bytes under the communication 802.11g spec. as the real transmission rate is 20 Mb/sec. If the impedance of the transmission line is shifted, the long-distance transportation rate will be reduced to, almost, 20 × 24 / 54 = 8.8 Mb/sec. The transportation performance is greatly deducted. With the delicate design and the feasible component arrangement, the impedance mismatch influencing the long-distance (∼ 100 m) data transportation is overcome and reduced to the acceptable range. In this investigation using 3.3 V power supply, we observe that the selection of electronic components with miniaturization is also an art to reduce the radiation side-effect.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Fluorescence Detection Using a Smartphone Camera for a PCR Chip

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3917
Author(s):  
Jong-Dae Kim ◽  
Chan-Young Park ◽  
Yu-Seop Kim ◽  
Ji-Soo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Fluorescent Detection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Commercial System ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Difference

Most existing commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) instruments are bulky because they contain expensive fluorescent detection sensors or complex optical structures. In this paper, we propose an RT-PCR system using a camera module for smartphones that is an ultra small, high-performance and low-cost sensor for fluorescence detection. The proposed system provides stable DNA amplification. A quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity changes shows the camera’s performance compared with that of commercial instruments. Changes in the performance between the experiments and the sets were also observed based on the threshold cycle values in a commercial RT-PCR system. The overall difference in the measured threshold cycles between the commercial system and the proposed camera was only 0.76 cycles, verifying the performance of the proposed system. The set calibration even reduced the difference to 0.41 cycles, which was less than the experimental variation in the commercial system, and there was no difference in performance.

Research on a simulating device for electric transmission characteristics of long-distance subsea umbilical cable

2020 ◽  
pp. 147509022092450
Author(s):  
Yufang Li ◽  
Honglin Zhao ◽  
Yongbiao Xu ◽  
Deguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Transmission Attenuation ◽  
Umbilical Cable ◽  
Attenuation Characteristics

Subsea umbilical cable is an important link to transmit power and signals in subsea production system, often lasts for tens of kilometers in deep-sea projects. It is expensive, bulky, and inconvenient to transport. In this article, a compact, low-cost umbilical cable electrical simulator is proposed, which can be equivalent to the real umbilical cable in power transmission characteristics and can adjust parameters in a certain range. By studying the electrical transmission characteristics of long umbilical cable, the calculation method of electrical transmission characteristics is determined. A simulation device for simulating the transmission characteristics of umbilical cable is designed, which can be used to simulate the umbilical cable diameter of 10 and 16 mm2. The voltage drop characteristics, signal transmission attenuation characteristics, and power carrier characteristics of the umbilical cable electrical simulation device are simulated and experimentally analyzed. The experimental results show that the voltage drop characteristics, signal transmission attenuation characteristics, and power carrier characteristics of the umbilical cable electrical simulator are in good agreement with the real umbilical cable. The simulation device of umbilical cable can well simulate the power and signal transmission characteristics of real umbilical cable.

scholarly journals Design of Mobile 4G Gateway Based on Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Bo Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hardware Platform ◽  
Gateway System ◽  
Zigbee Technology ◽  
Software And Hardware

To realize the design of mobile 4G gateway of ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN), a scheme of wireless remote monitoring based on ZigBee and general packet radio service (GPRS) WSN gateway system is proposed. The scheme combines the advantages of short distance, low power consumption, low cost and long distance popular communication of ZigBee technology, and uses the system architecture of ZigBee + GPRS + Android. On this hardware platform, the transplantation of Android system and the development of related hardware device drivers are designed and implemented, so as to build the software platform of the system. Based on the software and hardware platform of the system, the related applications are designed and realized according to the function requirements of the system, and the software and hardware platform and the application program are tested and analyzed. The test results show that the system runs steadily and has good performance. To sum up, the hardware platform has the advantages of low energy consumption, high performance and scalability.

scholarly journals A Novel Magnet-Axis-Shifted Hybrid Permanent Magnet Machine for Electric Vehicle Applications

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Heyun Lin ◽  
Shuhua Fang ◽  
Weijia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Interior Permanent Magnet ◽  
Rotor Pole ◽  
Ipm Machine ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnet Axis

This paper proposes a novel magnet-axis-shifted hybrid permanent magnet (MAS-HPM) machine, which features an asymmetrical magnet arrangement, i.e., low-cost ferrite and high-performance NdFeB magnets, are placed in the two sides of a “▽”-shaped rotor pole. The proposed magnet-axis-shift (MAS) effect can effectively reduce the difference between the optimum current angles for maximizing permanent magnet (PM) and reluctance torques, and hence the torque capability of the machine can be further improved. The topology and operating principle of the proposed MAS-HPM machine are introduced and are compared with the BMW i3 interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine as a benchmark. The electromagnetic characteristics of the two machines are investigated and compared by finite element analysis (FEA), which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed MAS design concept for torque improvement.

EFFECT OF Al3+ DOPING ON MAGNETIC AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF Ni–Zn FERRITES BY "ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS"

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3881-3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. GE ◽  
Z. J. PENG ◽  
C. B. WANG ◽  
Z. Q. FU
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
The Real ◽  
Phase Spinel ◽  
One Step ◽  
Magnetic And Dielectric Properties

Al 3+-doped Ni – Zn ferrites with composition of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5( Fe 1-x Al x)2 O 4 (where x = 0, 0.012, 0.023, 0.035 and 0.045) were prepared by a method named "one-step synthesis." The magnetic and dielectric properties of the as-prepared Ni – Zn ferrites were investigated. X-ray diffraction data indicated that all the ferrite samples had a single-phase spinel structure. The addition of Al 3+ resulted in a reduction of the grain size, lattice constant, density, shrinkage and saturation magnetization of the as-prepared samples. The Curie temperatures, however, raised first and reduced later with increasing contents of Al 3+ in the samples, but still kept high values. Both the real and imaginary parts of permeability of ferrites decreased with increasing amount of Al 3+ doped before they reached peak value. As the applied frequency increased to higher than about 10 MHz, the real part of permeability of non-doped ferrite had already become lower than those of ferrites doped with Al 3+. Moreover, the doping of Al 3+ made their utility of magnetic permeability move to much higher frequency. The observed decreases in dielectric constants and dielectric loss tangent could be attributed to the decreased electron conductivity by substituting Fe 3+ with Al 3+ in the samples. The as-prepared high-performance soft magnetic materials prepared using such a simple and low-cost method will be much promising in high-frequency applications and industrialization.

Design and Development of a Low-Cost Roof Top Solar Ventilator

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragavanantham Shanmugam ◽  
Umayakumar Vellaisamy ◽  
Karthikeyan Balasubramaniam ◽  
Sathishkumar Mani
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Air Circulation

In hot summer, the sun rays strike the roof surface and heat up the enclosed attic. Passive vents (Soffit or Gable) allow some circulation of fresh air. Presently, in India, passive Whirlybird is predominantly used for ventilation purposes, which spins and sucks up the warm air and forces it out upwards through the vent on the roof. Since it depends mainly on the natural wind velocity, it’s efficiency to cost ratio is very low. Also, the accumulation of dust particles has a deleterious effect on the performance and life of the unit. Hence, in this work, a roof top solar ventilator has been designed and developed at low cost to address the above-mentioned problems. This unit has a high-performance brushless DC motor, an adjustable solar panel to achieve optimal solar exposure and it blends seamlessly into roof. The solar panel powers the fan through the motor, thereby increasing the air circulation through the vent. This increased air circulation provides the required pressure to force the hot air out from the attic. During hot summer, the difference in temperature between the floor and the ceiling can reach 10–15 °C, leading to a constant heat pile up in the attic and this system can limit the temperature of the attic to 40°C. In winter season, moist air present inside the house warms up, rises and collides with the cold air entering through the roof. This provides a mixed circulation that prevents the cold air from entering the roof and also reduces freezing of snow on the roof surface. Further, it keeps the inside space cooler and drier. Since this ventilator operates on renewable energy source, it is a simple and feasible solution that is environmentally friendly at low-cost. This provides healthy, energy efficient homes and work spaces as it reduces the usage of air conditions and heaters. A comparative study on the performance, life and cost of both the existing and the newly developed ventilators has been made and the same is reported.

scholarly journals Application for computational cluster performance tests configured in HTCONDOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04029
Author(s):  
Vivian Orejuela ◽  
Álvaro Sánchez Ramirez ◽  
Andrés Felipe Toro ◽  
Andrés Felipe Gonzalez ◽  
Diego Briñez
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prime Numbers ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cluster Management ◽  
C Language ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Computational Cluster ◽  
The Difference

Increase the processing power in less time with high performance low-cost process is important for universities, for this reason computational clusters take paramount importance nowadays. In this paper it is shown the study of the performance time of a group that has been physically configured with a node and 3 nodes with the Core 2 Duo Quad processors, which have a Scientific Linux operating system and a cluster management software called HTCONDOR which is described time in the C language, to obtain the prime numbers in a range of 1 to 15 million and thus be able to launch the process from the point of destination to the worker nodes divided by groups of 5 million and take the measure of time. Achieving the difference between runtime on a PC and a high-performance cluster.

scholarly journals Analog Radio Over Fiber Aided C-RAN: Optical Aided Beamforming for Multi-User Adaptive MIMO Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichuan Li ◽  
Salman Ghafoor ◽  
Muhammad Fasih Uddin Butt ◽  
Mohammed El-Hajjar
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
High Data

Given the increasing demand for high data-rate, high-performance wireless communications services, the demand on the radio access networks (RAN) has been increasing significantly, where optical fiber has been widely used both for the backhaul and fronthaul. Additionally, advances in signal processing such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques, have improved the performance as well as transmission rate of communications networks. Beamforming has been used as an efficient MIMO technique for providing a signal to noise ratio (SNR) gain as well as reducing the multi-user interference. However, beamforming requires the employment of phase-shifters, which suffers from reduced phase resolutions, degraded noise figures as well as beam-squinting in addition to the implementation challenges. Hence, in this paper we employ an analogue radio over fiber (A-RoF) aided architecture for supporting the requirements of the current and future mobile networks, where we design a photonics aided beamforming technique in order to eliminate the bulky electronic phase-shifters and the beam-squinting effect, while also providing a low-cost RAN solution. Additionally, this photonics aided beamforming is combined with a reconfigurable multi-user MIMO technique, where users can communicate with one or multiple remote radio heads (RRHs), while employing stand-alone beamforming, beamforming combined with diversity or with multiplexing depending on the available resources and the user channel information as well as the quality of service requirements.

scholarly journals Self-Patterned Stretchable Electrode Based on Silver Nanowire Bundle Mesh Developed by Liquid Bridge Evaporation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2865
Author(s):  
Eun Young An ◽  
Siyoung Lee ◽  
Seung Goo Lee ◽  
Eunho Lee ◽  
Jeong Ju Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Bridge ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Stretchable Electrode ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
The Difference

A new strategy is required to realize a low-cost stretchable electrode while realizing high stretchability, conductivity, and manufacturability. In this study, we fabricated a self-patterned stretchable electrode using a simple and scalable process. The stretchable electrode is composed of a bridged square-shaped (BSS) AgNW bundle mesh developed by liquid bridge evaporation and a stretchable polymer matrix patterned with a microcavity array. Owing to the BSS structure and microcavity array, which effectively concentrate the applied strain on the deformable square region of the BSS structure under tensile stretching, the stretchable electrode exhibits high stretchability with a low ΔR/R0 of 10.3 at a strain of 40%. Furthermore, by exploiting the self-patterning ability—attributable to the difference in the ability to form liquid bridges according to the distance between microstructures—we successfully demonstrated a stretchable AgNW bundle mesh with complex patterns without using additional patterning processes. In particular, stretchable electrodes were fabricated by spray coating and bar coating, which are widely used in industry for low-cost mass production. We believe that this study significantly contributes to the commercialization of stretchable electronics while achieving high performance and complex patterns, such as stretchable displays and electronic skin.

scholarly journals Use of MEMS sensors for condition monitoring of devices: discussion about the accuracy of features for diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Giulio D'Emilia ◽  
Emanuela Natale
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metrological Characteristics ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Mems Sensors ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Automatic Production ◽  
The Real

This paper analyses the effect of the variability of metrological characteristics of a set of low-cost Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for the acceleration measurement, on the calculation of typical features used for condition monitoring (CM) of automatic production lines. The knowledge of the contribution of the variability of metrological characteristics to the final accuracy of features is an aspect of interest when networks of low-cost sensors are used, in particular in case the variability of their characteristics is high. In fact, due to a mass production, the calibration is not carried out sensor by sensor, but the characteristics are determined on a sample basis and assigned to the entire batch. Neglecting the variability between sensors can lead to effects on the results of data analysis, which are not easily predictable. In this paper, the real variability of the sensor's characteristics, experimentally evaluated through the calibration of a set of 25 low-cost MEMS accelerometers, has been taken into account. Digital sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and data rate variability of each device have been considered for the analysis. The analysis has been carried out with reference to two different test cases of industrial interest, by modifying the real outputs of high performance piezoelectric accelerometers used for CM, in order to simulate the effect of the metrological characteristics of MEMS sensors. The results show which features, among those typically used for CM, are more affected and which characteristics of MEMS are more influencing the features themselves, with reference to the specific considered applications.

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