Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors at High CO2 Pressures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patchareeporn Sintoorahat ◽  
Aree Wairatpanich ◽  
Suchada Chimam ◽  
Dayin Mongkholkhajornsilp ◽  
Cheolho Kang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Stratified Flow ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Pressure ◽  
Corrosion Rate Measurement

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two corrosion inhibitors (CI-A and CI-B) under conditions similar to the second PTT’s offshore pipeline. The experiments were carried out in flow-loop system, 36 m long, 10.16 cm diameter at 10.5 and 14 bar of carbon dioxide pressure, a temperature at 50°C. The performances of corrosion inhibitors were examined under conditions of superficial liquid velocity of 0.03 m/s and gas velocities of 6, 8 and 10 m/s in 0 and 3 degree inclinations using the ER probe and X65 weight-loss coupons for corrosion rate measurement at the top and bottom of pipe. According to flow characteristics, it was found that the smooth and wavy stratified flow occurred in 0 degree. For 3 degree inclination, wavy stratified flow with big waves was dominantly presented for all conditions. Corrosion inhibitor B showed a better performance than inhibitor A in all cases. For inhibitor B, the target corrosion rates of less than 0.1 mm/yr were achieved in all conditions with 50 ppm of inhibitor concentration whereas the amount of 75 ppm inhibitor concentration was required for CI-A. The color, turbidity, and emulsion tendency with corrosion inhibitors will be also discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Heat Transmission Reinforcers Induced by MHD Hybrid Nanoparticles for Water/Water-EG Flowing over a Cylinder

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Firas A. Alwawi ◽  
Mohammed Z. Swalmeh ◽  
Amjad S. Qazaq ◽  
Ruwaidiah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Heat Transmission ◽  
Constant Wall Temperature

The assumptions that form our focus in this study are water or water-ethylene glycol flowing around a horizontal cylinder, containing hybrid nanoparticles, affected by a magnetic force, and under a constant wall temperature, in addition to considering free convection. The Tiwari–Das model is employed to highlight the influence of the nanoparticles volume fraction on the flow characteristics. A numerical approximate technique called the Keller box method is implemented to obtain a solution to the physical model. The effects of some critical parameters related to heat transmission are also graphically examined and analyzed. The increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction increases the heat transfer rate and liquid velocity; the strength of the magnetic field has an adverse effect on liquid velocity, heat transfer, and skin friction. We find that cobalt nanoparticles provide more efficient support for the heat transfer rate of aluminum oxide than aluminum nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Ethanolamines as Corrosion Inhibitors for Zinc in (HNO3+H2SO4) Binary Acid Mixture

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Vashi ◽  
H. M. Bhajiwala ◽  
S. A. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration

This work deals with the study of corrosion behaviour for zinc in (HNO3+ H2SO4) binary acid mixture containing ethanolamines. Corrosion rate increases with concentration of acid and temperature. At constant acid concentration, the inhibition efficiency of ethanolamines increases with the inhibitor concentration. Value of ΔGa increases and inhibition decreases with temperature. The mode of inhibition action appears to be chemisorption.

Effect of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors on Corrosion Fatigue

CORROSION ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
PARVIZ MEHDIZADEH ◽  
R. L. McGLASSON ◽  
J. E. LANDERS
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Fatigue ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Organic Inhibitors ◽  
Organic Corrosion Inhibitors

Abstract The effect of organic inhibitors on corrosion fatigue performance of steel in a mixture of brine containing H2S-CO2 and diesel fuel is reported. The inhibitor concentration required to give significant protection to steel under corrosion fatigue conditions is much higher than that for corrosion control. This is due to the fact that corrosion fatigue cracks initiated at incompletely protected spots on the material surface influence fatigue failure regardless of the degree of protection achieved on neighboring areas. Effects of fatigue stress and concentration of corrosion inhibitors were investigated. Results were analyzed in terms of the proposed mechanism for corrosion inhibition in these environments.

Effect of Inhibitors on Scale Removal in HCl Pickling Solutions

CORROSION ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. RIGGS ◽  
R. M. HURD
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Metal Dissolution ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Scale Removal ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Inhibitors are available which effectively reduce the loss of metal because of corrosion occurring in the hydrochloric acid pickling baths. Selection of these inhibitors, however, must take into consideration the effect the inhibitor will have on scale dissolution. The optimum concentration of inhibitor must consider the functional relationship between inhibitor concentration and the rate of scale removal. This relationship is not the same as that between inhibitor concentration and metal dissolution rate. Data are shown on scale dissolution rates for two corrosion inhibitors in 10 percent by weight hydrochloric acid at temperatures of 55 through 85 C (131–185 F). Extrapolations to somewhat higher temperatures of some pickling operations can be made. However, it was observed that all corrosion inhibitor effects on scale removal became somewhat temperature-dependent at, or near, 80 C. The experimental acid corrosion inhibitors (B and C) exhibit surfactant behavior between 55–75 C, removing scale more quickly than did the uninhibited acid.

Heat and Fluid Flow Characteristics of Copper Metal Foam as Heat Pipe Wick Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Somasundaram ◽  
Annamalai Mani ◽  
M Kamaraj
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Copper Metal ◽  
Porous Wick ◽  
Copper Foam ◽  
Wick Structure ◽  
Fluid Flow Characteristics

This work is carried out to study the copper metal foam as porous wick structure in a flat heat pipe. The method of fabricating copper foam has been described. The characterization of copper foam has been carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractogram (XRD) analysis. Effect of liquid velocity on pressure drop and maximum capillary heat transport of fabricated copper foam has been presented.

Synergistic Effect of Thiourea and Surfactants on Corrosion Inhibition of Stainless Steel-410 in Presence of Sulfuric Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Mohd Shariff Azmi ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Mohammad Azmi Bustam ◽  
Shaukat Ali Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
Triton X

The inhibition of corrosion of stainless steel (SS)-410 in sulfuric acid using thiourea and three different surfactants, cetyle trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and X-Triton was studied. Corrosion rates were determined by using corrosion coupons. The corrosion rate was found to be decreased with increase in inhibitor concentration. It was observed that the maximum corrosion inhibition occurred in the post micellar concentration of the surfactants. By optimizing the corrosion inhibition performance of different blends of surfactants and thiourea in 3 M H2SO4,the corrosion inhibition order was found as: Triton X-100 + thiourea > CTAB + thiourea > SDS + thiourea. The best results obtained by the addition of 200 ppm thiourea in 500 ppm of Triton X-100 in 3 M H2SO4acid solution. This blend decreased the corrosion rate of SS-410 to 657.66 mpy.

Design and Performance of Slug Damper

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Reinoso ◽  
Luis E. Gomez ◽  
Shoubo Wang ◽  
Ram S. Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity

This study investigates theoretically and experimentally the slug damper as a novel flow conditioning device, which can be used upstream of compact separation systems. In the experimental part, a 3 in. ID slug damper facility has been installed in an existing 2 in. diameter two-phase flow loop. This flow loop includes an upstream slug generator, a gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC©, ©The University of Tulsa, 1994) attached to the slug damper downstream and a set of conductance probes for measuring the propagation of the dissipated slug along the damper. Over 200 experimental runs were conducted with artificially generated inlet slugs of 50 ft length (Ls/d=300) that were dumped into the loop upstream of the slug damper, varying the superficial liquid velocity between 0.5 ft/s and 2.5 ft/s and superficial gas velocity between 10 ft/s and 40 ft/s (in the 2 in. inlet pipe) and utilizing segmented orifice opening heights of 1 in., 1.5 in., 2 in., and 3 in. For each experimental run, the measured data included propagation of the liquid slug front in the damper, differential pressure across the segmented orifice, GLCC liquid level, GLCC outlet liquid flow, and static pressure in the GLCC. The data show that the slug damper/GLCC system is capable of dissipating long slugs, narrowing the range of liquid flow rate from the downstream GLCC. Also, the damper capacity to process large slugs is a strong function of the superficial gas velocity (and mixture velocity). The theoretical part includes the development of a mechanistic model for the prediction of the hydrodynamic flow behavior in the slug damper. The model enables the predictions of the outlet liquid flow rate and the available damping time, and in turn the prediction of the slug damper capacity. Comparison between the model predictions and the acquired data reveals an accuracy of ±30% with respect to the available damping time and outlet liquid flow rate. The developed model can be used for design of slug damper units.

Study on Fluid-Flow Characteristics of a New Type Efficient Uniform-Flow Packed Equipment

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1643-1647
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
San Ping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Packed Tower ◽  
Scaling Effect ◽  
Flow Effect ◽  
Study Results ◽  
New Type ◽  
Wall Flow ◽  
Fluid Flow Characteristics

In order to deal with the “wall flow effect” and the “scaling effect” that commonly exist in packed tower, a new type of efficient symmetrical-flow packed equipment was developed. In the same condition, the symmetrical-flow packed equipment was studied comparatively with the common packed equipment by experimental and numerical simulation, and the results such as wall-flow contours and velocity distribution were given. The study results showed that the wall flow was significantly reduced by about 31% and the gas-liquid velocity was more uniformly distributed compared to the normal packed tower. The results showed that the symmetrical-flow packed equipment had a very good effect on improving the uniform distribution of the macroscopic flowing of fluid. The symmetrical-flow packed equipment, therefore, can effectively reduce the “wall-flow effect” and eliminated the “scaling effect”, and also increase the mass transfer efficiency of the packed tower is improved.

Modeling of Newtonian Fluids in Annular Geometries With Inner Pipe Rotation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sorgun ◽  
Jerome J. Schubert ◽  
Ismail Aydin ◽  
M. Evren Ozbayoglu
Keyword(s):  
Axial Velocity ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Eccentric Annulus ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Pipe Rotation

Flow in annular geometries, i.e., flow through the gap between two cylindrical pipes, occurs in many different engineering professions, such as petroleum engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, food engineering, etc. Analysis of the flow characteristics through annular geometries is more challenging when compared with circular pipes, not only due to the uneven stress distribution on the walls but also due to secondary flows and tangential velocity components, especially when the inner pipe is rotated. In this paper, a mathematical model for predicting flow characteristics of Newtonian fluids in concentric horizontal annulus with drill pipe rotation is proposed. A numerical solution including pipe rotation is developed for calculating frictional pressure loss in concentric annuli for laminar and turbulent regimes. Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent conditions are numerically solved using the finite differences technique to obtain velocity profiles and frictional pressure losses. To verify the proposed model, estimated frictional pressure losses are compared with experimental data which were available in the literature and gathered at Middle East Technical University, Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering Flow Loop (METU-PETE Flow Loop) as well as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The proposed model predicts frictional pressure losses with an error less than ± 10% in most cases, more accurately than the CFD software models depending on the flow conditions. Also, pipe rotation effects on frictional pressure loss and tangential velocity is investigated using CFD simulations for concentric and fully eccentric annulus. It has been observed that pipe rotation has no noticeable effects on frictional pressure loss for concentric annuli, but it significantly increases frictional pressure losses in an eccentric annulus, especially at low flow rates. For concentric annulus, pipe rotation improves the tangential velocity component, which does not depend on axial velocity. It is also noticed that, as the pipe rotation and axial velocity are increased, tangential velocity drastically increases for an eccentric annulus. The proposed model and the critical analysis conducted on velocity components and stress distributions make it possible to understand the concept of hydro transport and hole cleaning in field applications.

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