Characterization of Electric Fields Generated by Electricidal Coatings for Biofilm-Resistant Catheters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Lindgren ◽  
Rafaela Simoes-torigoe ◽  
Karcher Morris ◽  
Frank E. Talke
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Antimicrobial Coatings ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Quantum Espresso ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Actual Particle

Abstract Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are an endemic problem in the American medical system, causing nearly 32% of all hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) [1]. Novel antimicrobial coatings for catheters, consisting of metal powders (Ag/Ag2O) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), have recently been developed to combat this problem [2,3]. The active ingredients in these coatings were modeled using simplified assumptions in both ANSYS Maxwell and Quantum Espresso to determine the electric field strength at various particle radii. SEM/EDX analysis of the Ag/Ag2O coating was also performed to simulate the particles in ANSYS and provide comparison between idealized models and actual particle geometries.

HOSPITAL INFECTION IN SURGICAL DEPARTMENTS AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 2015

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Dinh Tan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Objective: To study nosocomial infections and identify the main agents causing hospital infections at Hue University Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 385 patients with surgical interventions. Results: The prevalence of hospital infections was 5.2%, surgical site infection was the most common (60%), followed by skin and soft tissue infections (35%), urinary tract infections (5%). Surgical site infection (11.6%) in dirty surgery. There were 3 bacterial pathogens isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus (50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcusspp (25%). Conclusion: Surgical site infection was high in hospital-acquired infections. Key words: hospital infections, surgical intervention, surgical site infection, bacteria

scholarly journals Characterization of the Enterobacter Phage vB_EclM_CIP9

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Wang ◽  
Marielou G. Tamayo ◽  
Tiffany V. Penner ◽  
Bradley W. M. Cook ◽  
Deborah A. Court ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Reading Frames

Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe vB_EclM_CIP9, a novel Enterobacter phage that infects a multidrug-resistant isolate of E. cloacae. Phage vB_EclM_CIP9 is a myovirus that has a 174,924-bp genome, with 296 predicted open reading frames.

scholarly journals Financial Incentives to Reduce Hospital-Acquired Infections Under Alternative Payment Arrangements

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Crawford Cohen ◽  
Jianfang Liu ◽  
Bevin Cohen ◽  
Elaine L. Larson ◽  
Sherry Glied
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

OBJECTIVEThe financial incentives for hospitals to improve care may be weaker if higher insurer payments for adverse conditions offset a portion of hospital costs. The purpose of this study was to simulate incentives for reducing hospital-acquired infections under various payment configurations by Medicare, Medicaid, and private payers.DESIGNMatched case-control study.SETTINGA large, urban hospital system with 1 community hospital and 2 tertiary-care hospitals.PATIENTSAll patients discharged in 2013 and 2014.METHODSUsing electronic hospital records, we identified hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) with a validated algorithm. We assessed excess hospital costs, length of stay, and payments due to infection, and we compared them to those of uninfected patients matched by propensity for infection.RESULTSIn most scenarios, hospitals recovered only a portion of excess HAI costs through increased payments. Patients with UTIs incurred incremental costs of $6,238 (P<.01), while payments increased $1,901 (P<.05) at public diagnosis-related group (DRG) rates. For BSIs, incremental costs were $15,367 (P<.01), while payments increased $7,895 (P<.01). If private payers reimbursed a 200% markup over Medicare DRG rates, hospitals recovered 55% of costs from BSI and UTI among private-pay patients and 54% for BSI and 33% for UTI, respectively, across all patients. Under per-diem payment for private patients with no markup, hospitals recovered 71% of excess costs of BSI and 88% for UTI. At 150% markup and per-diem payments, hospitals profited.CONCLUSIONSHospital incentives for investing in patient safety vary by payer and payment configuration. Higher payments provide resources to improve patient safety, but current payment structures may also reduce the willingness of hospitals to invest in patient safety.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:509–515

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns in Hospital-Acquired Infections in Portugal (2014–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4703
Author(s):  
Hugo Teixeira ◽  
Alberto Freitas ◽  
António Sarmento ◽  
Paulo Nossa ◽  
Hernâni Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Local Index ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) represent the most frequent adverse event associated with healthcare delivery and result in prolonged hospital stays and deaths worldwide. Aim: To analyze the spatial patterns of HAI incidence from 2014 to 2017 in Portugal. Methods: Data from the Portuguese Discharge Hospital Register were used. We selected episodes of patients with no infection on admission and with any of the following HAI diagnoses: catheter-related bloodstream infections, intestinal infections by Clostridium difficile, nosocomial pneumonia, surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections. We calculated age-standardized hospitalization rates (ASHR) by place of patient residence. We used empirical Bayes estimators to smooth the ASHR. The Moran Index and Local Index of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) were calculated to identify spatial clusters. Results: A total of 318,218 HAIs were registered, with men accounting for 49.8% cases. The median length of stay (LOS) was 9.0 days, and 15.7% of patients died during the hospitalization. The peak of HAIs (n = 81,690) occurred in 2015, representing 9.4% of the total hospital admissions. Substantial spatial inequalities were observed, with the center region presenting three times the ASHR of the north. A slight decrease in ASHR was observed after 2015. Pneumonia was the most frequent HAI in all age groups. Conclusion: The incidence of HAI is not randomly distributed in the space; clusters of high risk in the central region were seen over the entire study period. These findings may be useful to support healthcare policymakers and to promote a revision of infection control policies, providing insights for improved implementation.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Profile of Hospital-Acquired Infections in Adult Intensive Care Units

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Aleksa Despotovic ◽  
Branko Milosevic ◽  
Andja Cirkovic ◽  
Ankica Vujovic ◽  
Ksenija Cucanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a global public health concern. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, its contribution to mortality and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) grows, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). A two-year retrospective study from April 2019–April 2021 was conducted in an adult ICU at the Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia to assess causative agents of HAIs and AMR rates, with the COVID-19 pandemic ensuing halfway through the study. Resistance rates >80% were observed for the majority of tested antimicrobials. In COVID-19 patients, Acinetobacter spp. was the dominant cause of HAIs and more frequently isolated than in non-COVID-19 patients. (67 vs. 18, p = 0.001). Also, resistance was higher for imipenem (56.8% vs. 24.5%, p < 0.001), meropenem (61.1% vs. 24.3%, p < 0.001) and ciprofloxacin (59.5% vs. 36.9%, p = 0.04). AMR rates were aggregated with findings from our previous study to identify resistance trends and establish empiric treatment recommendations. The increased presence of Acinetobacter spp. and a positive trend in Klebsiella spp. resistance to fluoroquinolones (R2 = 0.980, p = 0.01) and carbapenems (R2 = 0.963, p = 0.02) could have contributed to alarming resistance rates across bloodstream infections (BSIs), pneumonia (PN), and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Exceptions were vancomycin (16.0%) and linezolid (2.6%) in BSIs; tigecycline (14.3%) and colistin (0%) in PNs; and colistin (12.0%) and linezolid (0%) in UTIs. COVID-19 has changed the landscape of HAIs in our ICUs. Approval of new drugs and rigorous surveillance is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Osuch ◽  
Andre Marais
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Utis ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Studies ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in childhood and represent approximately 10% of hospital-acquired infections. It is clinically challenging to distinguish cystitis (lower UTI) from pyelonephritis (upper UTI) in those younger than two years. Most UTI patients can however be safely managed as outpatients if diligent follow-up procedures are in place. Recurrent UTIs in children may indicate malfunction or an anatomical defect of the urinary tract, and require specialised diagnostic studies. The proper approach for a child with UTI remains controversial, and treatment often differs according to regional or institutional empirical guidelines.

Modern Trends in Infection Control Practices in Intensive Care Units

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanth Gandra ◽  
Richard T. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Environmental Cleaning ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There has been an increasing effort to prevent HAIs, and infection control practices are paramount in avoiding these complications. In the last several years, numerous developments have been seen in the infection prevention strategies in various health care settings. This article reviews the modern trends in infection control practices to prevent HAIs in ICUs with a focus on methods for monitoring hand hygiene, updates in isolation precautions, new methods for environmental cleaning, antimicrobial bathing, prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and Clostridium difficile infection.

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