Automatic Method for Detecting and Categorizing Train Car Wheel and Bearing Defects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Deilamsalehy ◽  
Timothy C. Havens ◽  
Pasi Lautala
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Bearing Defects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Proper Operation

Worldwide, railways are among the safest transportation services. Nevertheless, every year some serious accidents are reported. A noticeable portion of these accidents are a result of defective wheels, bearings, or brakes. Train wheels are subjected to different types of damage due to their interaction with the brakes and the track and they are required to be periodically inspected to ensure they meet all the safety criteria for proper operation. If the wheel damage remains undetected, it can worsen and result in overheating and severe damage to the wheel and track. There are a variety of wheel damages, classified in different groups based on the type and severity of the defect. The most usual cause of damage is severe braking, which applies directly to the wheel and results in local heating of the wheel. This can stop the wheel from rotating while the train is still moving, producing a defect called a “flat spot” or “hot spot”. Flat-spotted wheels are a serious concern for the railroad industry. Depending on the level of wheel defect, different solutions should be taken. This paper will focus on automatically detecting flat-spotted wheels from thermal imagery using computer vision methods and introduces an algorithm to detect hot bearings. We first extract and segment both the wheel and bearing regions from the whole image, then we introduce a fuzzy inference to categorize the level of wheel damage. The whole process is done automatically and without any need for time consuming and costly manned inspection. Based on the severity of the defect, it can be decided which solution should be taken.

Direct observation of three-dimensional transient temperature distribution in SiC Schottky barrier diode under operation by optical-interference contactless thermometry (OICT) imaging

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiya Fujimoto ◽  
Hiroaki Hanafusa ◽  
Takuma Sato ◽  
Seiichiro HIGASHI
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Schottky Barrier ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Schottky Barrier Diode ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Optical Interference ◽  
Transient Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract We have developed optical-interference contactless thermometry (OICT) imaging technique to visualize three-dimensional transient temperature distribution in 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD) under operation. When a 1 ms forward pulse bias was applied, clear variation of optical interference fringes induced by self-heating and cooling were observed. Thermal diffusion and optical analysis revealed three-dimensional temperature distribution with high spatial (≤ 10 μm) and temporal (≤ 100 μs) resolutions. A hot spot that signals breakdown of the SBD was successfully captured as an anormal interference, which indicated a local heating to a temperature as high as 805 K at the time of failure.

scholarly journals Power Quality: Scientific Collaboration Networks and Research Trends

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Montoya ◽  
Raul Baños ◽  
Alfredo Alcayde ◽  
Maria Montoya ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Voltage Frequency ◽  
Advanced Model ◽  
Proper Operation

Power quality is a research field related to the proper operation of devices and technological equipment in industry, service, and domestic activities. The level of power quality is determined by variations in voltage, frequency, and waveforms with respect to reference values. These variations correspond to different types of disturbances, including power fluctuations, interruptions, and transients. Several studies have been focused on analysing power quality issues. However, there is a lack of studies on the analysis of both the trending topics and the scientific collaboration network underlying the field of power quality. To address these aspects, an advanced model is used to retrieve data from publications related to power quality and analyse this information using a graph visualisation software and statistical tools. The results suggest that research interests are mainly focused on the analysis of power quality problems and mitigation techniques. Furthermore, they are observed important collaboration networks between researchers within and across countries.

scholarly journals On the improvement of wave and storm surge hindcasts by downscaled atmospheric forcing: application to historical storms

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Émilie Bresson ◽  
Philippe Arbogast ◽  
Lotfi Aouf ◽  
Denis Paradis ◽  
Anna Kortcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. Winds, waves and storm surges can inflict severe damage in coastal areas. In order to improve preparedness for such events, a better understanding of storm-induced coastal flooding episodes is necessary. To this end, this paper highlights the use of atmospheric downscaling techniques in order to improve wave and storm surge hindcasts. The downscaling techniques used here are based on existing European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalyses (ERA-20C, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim). The results show that the 10 km resolution data forcing provided by a downscaled atmospheric model gives a better wave and surge hindcast compared to using data directly from the reanalysis. Furthermore, the analysis of the most extreme mid-latitude cyclones indicates that a four-dimensional blending approach improves the whole process, as it assimilates more small-scale processes in the initial conditions. Our approach has been successfully applied to ERA-20C (the 20th century reanalysis).

Impact of Self-Heating Effect on the Electrical Characteristics of Nanoscale Devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Yoshinari Kamakura ◽  
Tomofumi Zushi ◽  
Takanobu Watanabe ◽  
Nobuya Mori ◽  
Kenji Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Ballistic Transport ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Optical Phonons ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Technique ◽  
Ballistic Electron

Hot phonon generation and its impact on the current conduction in a nanoscale Si-device are investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. In the quasi-ballistic transport regime, electrons injected from the source lose their energies mainly by emitting optical phonons in the drain. Due to the slow group velocity of the optical phonons, the efficiency of the heat dissipation is so poor that a region with a nonequilibrium phonon distribution, i.e., a hot spot, is created. In this study, we have implemented the hot phonon effect in an ensemble Monte Carlo simulator for the electron transport, and carried out the steady state simulations. Although it is confirmed that the optical phonon temperature in the hot spot is larger than that of acoustic phonons by > 100 K, the electron current density is not significantly affected. The local heating would degrade the hot electron cooling efficiency and the parasitic resistance in the drain, but they have a minor impact on the quasi-ballistic electron transport from the source to the drain.

Study of the Different Transmission Line Faults for a Grid Connected Wind Farm with Different Types of Control Method for RSC

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Reza Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Simulink Simulation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Energy Conversion System ◽  
Rotor Side Converter ◽  
Proper Operation

<p>Wind power stations, many  located in remote areas; so they are characterized by weak grids and are often submitted to power system disturbance like faults. In this paper, the behaviour of a wind energy conversion system that uses the control of the rotor side converter (RSC) by three different methods  under faulty conditions is presented. The behaviour of these systems during a grid failure is an important issue.  DFIG is analysed and simulated under differing faulty conditions in the environment of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the proposed method has proper operation during fault conditions.</p><p> </p>

Highly Standardized Long-Span Hybrid Trusses

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Caruso ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Roberto Marnetto ◽  
Giorgio Monti
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Truss Structures ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Space Truss ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Performance Conditions ◽  
Typical Process ◽  
Innovative Concept

This paper presents an innovative technology in the field of truss structures, which is based on an innovative concept of mixing two different types of materials and joining them with a newly conceived connection, able to carry high loads with a small size. After an initial feasibility study aimed at pursuing the realization of sustainable and green structures, the project of the hybrid space truss was finally developed. Here, hybridization is the keyword, that is, making use of two different building materials, steel and wood, to achieve lighter roofs through a specialization of their functions and an optimization of their mechanical properties. Another key point is modularity, which is an important aspect that allows easy and fast assembly of structures and, most of all, standardization of parts. The trusses have been designed in detail, with special attention to the connections, and have been built and tested at the Laboratories of the Hunan University at Changsha (China). In a typical process of “designing by experimenting”, the prototypes have been produced and the assembly process has been tested in order to confirm the feasibility of the whole process, from production to construction to ultimate performance conditions.

scholarly journals A Method of Objects Classification Based on Learning and Visual Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Xinbo Zhao ◽  
Yongjia Yang ◽  
Xiaochun Zou
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Saliency ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Visual Behaviors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visual Saliency Model ◽  
High Level

Objects classification is one of the most significant problems in computer vision. For improving the accuracy of objects classification, we put forward a new classification method enlightened the whole process that human distinguish different types of objects. Our method mixed visual saliency model and CNN, is more close to human and has apparently biological advantages. Firstly, we built an eye-tracking database to learn people visual behaviors when they classify various objects and recorded the eye-tracking data. Secondly, this database is used to train a learning-based visual attention model, which is based on low-level (e.g., orientation, color, intensity, etc.) and high-level (e.g., faces, people, cars, etc.) image features to analyze and predict the human's classification RoIs. Finally, we established a CNN framework to classify RoIs. The results of the experiment showed our attention model can determine saliency regions and predict human's classification RoIs more precisely and our classification method improved the efficiency of classification markedly.

Energetic and Economic Analyses of Integrated Biogas-Fed Energy Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bettocchi ◽  
M. Pinelli ◽  
P. R. Spina ◽  
M. Venturini ◽  
M. Cadorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Transformation Processes

The process which includes production, collection, carriage and transformation of biomass into renewable fuels and then into energy (both electrical and thermal) involves a large number of decisions to select the most efficient plant layout. In order to identify the optimal solutions, models which simulate the whole process represent a useful and practical tool. In this paper, the energetic and economic analysis of the entire process from biomass to energy production is presented. Among the different transformation processes, the thermophilic batch anaerobic digestion is considered in this paper. A sensitivity analysis on system profitability is carried out with respect to the mass of biomass, number of batch digesters and retention time of the biomass inside each digester. Moreover, two different types of biomass (ensiled corn and organic fraction of municipal solid wastes) and two different energy systems (Micro Gas Turbine and Internal Combustion Engine) are considered.

scholarly journals PREDIKSI PENGGUNA BUS TRANS SARBAGITA DENGAN METODE ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
SLAMET SAMSUL HIDAYAT ◽  
I PUTU EKA NILA KENCANA ◽  
KETUT JAYANEGARA
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Hybrid Learning ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Two Phases

Trans Sarbagita is a public transportation services people at Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar and Tabanan. Trans Sarbagita is aimed to resolve a problems caused by accretion volume of vehicles in Bali. This study conducted to forecast the number of Trans Sarbagita passengers in 2013 using ANFIS. The ANFIS system composed by five layers where each layers has a different function and its divide in two phases, i.e. forward and backward phases. The ANFIS uses a hybrid learning algorithm which is a combination of Least Squares Estimator (LSE) on forwards phases and Error Backpropagation (EBP) on the backward phases. The results show, ANFIS with six inputs with M.F of  Pi  produces smallest error, compared to seven and eight input and M.F gauss and generalizedbell. Forecast of Trans Sarbagita passenger numbers in 2013 have to fluctuated every day and the average of passenger’s Trans Sarbagita for a day is 1627 passengers with MSE equal to 10210 and MAPE is 4.01%.

Diversity and habitat segregation of mangrove grapsoid crabs along the west coast of the Malay Peninsula

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Laura Ribero ◽  
Phaik Eem Lim ◽  
Rosli Ramli ◽  
Gianluca Polgar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
The West ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Local Extinctions

South-East Asia is a biodiversity hot spot for several different animal and plant taxa, and grapsoid crabs are dominant components of its mangrove macrofauna. However, autecological traits of the species and assemblage structures are still largely undescribed. During the period 2012–14, we surveyed six mainland and insular mangrove sites along the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, four of which had not been investigated previously. Species composition differed among sites with different types of substrate and forest area. Small islands, characterised by coarser intertidal substrates, hosted remarkably different assemblages from mainland systems. Most of the species occurred in a small number of sites, suggesting stenotopic ecological traits or patchy distributions, and a marked variation in species composition and environmental conditions among sites was observed. This suggests that management actions assuming that this region’s coastal wetlands have comparable community compositions may likely lead to local extinctions of species, possibly affecting the regional biodiversity of these systems.

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