Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Waste to Energy Plants for the Production of Electricity, Heat and Reusable Materials

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Zwahr
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Energy Plants

Up to now the emissions of waste-to-energy plants have been of major concern for the operators of waste incineration plants and the public. In Germany the emission standards for waste incineration plants have been very strict for more than 10 years, more stringent than for coal fired power plants, for example. Now the member states of the European Union are following suit with the same standards in accordance with European directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste. Within a couple of years all European waste incineration plants will have to comply with the emission limits of directive 2000/76/EC. There is also legislation in the pipeline restricting landfilling of untreated waste. In view of the discussions about CO2 reductions the efficiency of today’s Waste to Energy (WTE) plants should be improved, even though — or rather because — waste is regarded to some extent as “green power”. With the same goal in mind the recovery rate of reusable materials from the incineration of waste or flue gas treatment should be improved. This will make it possible to reduce the amount of CO2 generated by the production of these materials from natural resources and to conserve natural resources.

Analysis of Foreign Experience in Using Flue Gas Purification Systems at Waste-to-Energy Plants

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Anton N. Efremov ◽  
◽  
Aleksey A. Dudolin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Acid Gases ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Flue Gas Purification ◽  
Property Assessment ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Energy Plants

The existing method for selecting the structure of a power plant for thermally recycling municipal solid waste (MSW) in the Russian Federation does not address the matter of selecting all components of an energy complex operating on MSW, but places focus on determining the best accessible waste thermal neutralization technology. This generates the need to search for new methods and to select criteria of choosing the structure for each particular project. A comparative analysis of various structural schemes of waste-to-energy plants widely used outside of Russia will make it possible to reveal their main advantages and drawbacks, and to determine their application fields. The article describes the statistical indicators characterizing the operation of the flue gas purification system from acid gases, which can be applied in performing a feasibility study, intellectual property assessment, and in carrying out front-end engineering. For waste-to-energy plants constructed in an urban environment and aimed to operate with keeping to a minimum the gross emissions of acid gases into the atmospheric air, the use of a wet reactor system is recommended, which will ensure low emissions of HF, HCl, and SOx. The system with a wet reactor will make it possible to reduce gross emissions of harmful substances during the operation of large capacity waste-to-energy power plants and will be a justified choice in such case. In constructing medium capacity waste-to-energy plants (with a throughput of up to 350 000 t of MSW per annum), semi-dry and dry reactors can be used; for such plants, the technology involving the use of a semi-dry reactor is the most preferred one.

scholarly journals The potentials for Political and Economic Development of Kosovo

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
MSc. Ngadhnjim Brovina ◽  
MSc. Adnan Hoxha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

It is rather clear that it is mandatory to understand the potentials of growth for any economy to grow. With globalization taking place, countries in general, have intensified their political, economic and social integration. Kosovo, as the youngest state in Europe, is about to transform from a devastated economy into a developing one. It has not yet been able to tap on its natural resources and neither of its potentials for a faster economic growth. Its backbone economic sectors such as agriculture, textile, mining and metal sectors are still on their initial stages of revitalization, while the privatization of the public companies has not met its expectations.Whereas, Kosovo is doing a better job on, as its international presence and subjectivity of its political status (Independence) is strengthened. More and more countries are recognizing it as a sovereign country, while the recent initiation of the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the European Union, Kosovo is undergoing through its structural reforms and alliance with the EU standards and regulations.The future of Kosovo, like of any country, will depend on the way that its human, financial and natural resources are utilized. On this regard, this paper is an attempt to explore the potentials of the economic growth on different political contexts that Kosovo has and is expected to undergo.

Ash Recycling: Just a Dream?

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Zwahr
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Incineration Plant ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Scrap Iron ◽  
Energy Plants

Waste to energy is only one way of handling waste, material recovery is another aspect of sustainable waste management. This is actually nothing new and has always been part of the operation of WTE (Waste to Energy) plants in Hamburg. In descriptions of the first waste incineration plant in Hamburg, which started operation in 1896, it was stated that “the fly ash” collected in the ash chambers was used as filler material for the insulation of ceiling cavities. Its use in the sandwich walls of money safes was expressly recommended by the members of the urban refuse collection authority. Another lucrative trade was the sorting of scrap iron. It was separated from the incineration slag with magnets. The slag itself was said to be as sterile as lava, as hard as glass, as useful as bricks, and it was a profitable side product of waste incineration. The crushed incinerator slag was evidently so much in demand in road construction and as an aggregate in concrete production that demand could often not be met in the building season, even though it was stored through the winter, [1,2,3].

The Use of Data Quality Objective Procedures: To Control Complex Inter-Related Environmental Problems for Metal Matrix Encapsulation Fly Ash Management

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Robertson ◽  
Rod Barratt
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Quality Objective ◽  
Energy Plants ◽  
The Eu

The Data Quality Objective Procedure (DQOP) method aids implementing environmental polices, as engineering solutions. Pollution control issues identified and addressed through new environmental legislation need to be implemented. The metal matrix encapsulation (MME) treatment works as a toxicity reduction exercise that can legally control disposal of fly ashes from waste-to-energy plants. The MME process aids with the implementation of European Union (EU) legislation such as the Waste Incineration Directive by allowing fly ashes to be disposed of in landfill sites. By using the DQOP, as shown with the MME fly ash treatment, complex issues can be clearly identified and effectively controlled. The method considers various steps into which different activities can be addressed, agreed upon and allows engineering, financial and legal teams to cooperate. The EU is the world’s second largest economy with many waste management requirements. The DQOP can aid entry into this complex but rich economic opportunity.

Lime Usage Reduction at the Delaware Valley Resource Recovery Facility

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Nicholson ◽  
John Clark
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Delaware Valley ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Flue Gas Treatment ◽  
The U.S

Waste to Energy facilities in the U.S. collectively spend over $20 million per year on lime for flue gas treatment. Individually, most plants spend between $300,000 and $1 million per year on lime. This expense is often the plant’s largest for a consumable material and is expected to increase as emission limits become more stringent.

Leben mit dem Wald im oberen Theresiental (Transkarpatien, Ukraine) – Porträt einer Waldregion vor den Toren der Europäischen Union | Living with the forest in the upper Theresien Valley (Transcarpathia, Ukraine): Portrait of a forest region at the doors of the European Union

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Karl Grunder
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Priority Criterion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The local population of the upper Theresian Valley owes its livelihood almost exclusively to the forest. Natural risks and institutional problems are hindering development. In times of change, such as those that the Ukraine is going through at present, the forest and natural resources in general can ensure the survival of the rural population. From the authors' point of view the communities in the upper Theresian Valley and similar areas should be actively engaged in the management of the forest, and, in the first instance, wood and forest should benefit the local populations. Corruption should be combated at its origin on the structural level. The public at large must have access to transparent information. Foreign investors should be independently monitored. The authors suggest that access to and the relationship of the local population with their natural resources be taken into account as an additional priority criterion for sustainability.

New Waste-to-Energy Projects: Opportunity Knocks!

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Plants

Never have conditions been more favorable for the development of new waste-to-energy projects. The record of operating waste-to-energy plants has dispelled all of the objections that had been raised by environmental activists with respect to emissions and residue toxicity. The economics have become positive due to the rising cost of disposal at distant landfills and the increased value of the recovered energy due to sharp increases in the cost of fossil fuels. The threat of global warming and the recognition of the need to reduce reliance on imported fuel sources have made the public aware of the need to make full use of all domestic sources of energy. Regardless of legal definitions, energy from wastes is renewable energy and established technology. Waste-to-energy plants are even now providing more energy then other renewable sources such as biomass, wind, and direct solar combined. What is needed now for the industry to look at the existing technology to see how it can optimize energy recovery, both in capital and operating costs, without compromising environmental performance. Above all, we need a major push to make our case with the public and the politicians who represent it to convince them that waste-to- energy is not only good economics, but good environmental policy as well.

scholarly journals Harvesting system established for the utilisation of Miscanthus sinensis ‘tatai’ “energy cane” in biomass power plants

2016 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Csaba Pintér
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Plants

The increasing demand for energy worldwide and the resulting environmental impacts of fossil fuels forced many countries to turn to renewable energy resources as a clean and sustainable alternative. More than a third of Europe’s binding renewable energy source target of 20% by 2020 will come from solid biomass for electricity and heating according to the National Renewable Energy Action Plans submitted by member states of the European Union (EU) to the European Commission. To achieve this goal long-term yield studies in renewable energy plants are important to determine mean annual biomass and energy yield, and CO2 emission. Field experiments worldwide and also in Europe have demonstrated that Miscanthus, a fast-growing C4 rhizomatous grass can produce some of the highest biomass and energy yield per hectare of all potential energy plants. Miscanthus is a plant that originates from the southern slopes of the Himalayas. It was bred for the Hungarian climatic conditions in 2006 under the name of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Tatai’ (MsT). The species has high frost and drought tolerance and high energy value. This is why there is growing demand for the biomass (lignocellulose) produced by growing this plant. The biomass, produced from the high yield energy reed, can be transported to power plants in large quantities, in forms of bales. Its household consumption is not yet significant. This study presents the external features, characteristics, propagation and plantation process of MsT energy reed. The study also demonstrates the harvest technology of the species worked out between 2009–2012 in Tata, Hungary and the options of supplying to biomass power stations.

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