Use of Tracer Particles for Tracking Fluid Interfaces in Primary Cementing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Taheri ◽  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Alexandre Lavrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Fluid Interfaces ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Tracer Particles ◽  
Narrow Side ◽  
Primary Cementing ◽  
Set Up

Abstract In this study, a new approach for detailed tracking of the interface between well fluid and cement by using particles is investigated. This can improve the quality of annular cementing of CO2 wells and thus the storage safety. For this purpose, the displacement mechanisms of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in the annulus of vertical and inclined wells is investigated by using an experimental set-up with an eccentric annular geometry and by finite element analysis of an equivalent model with COMSOL Multiphysics solver. For more efficient displacement, the displacing fluid has a higher density than the displaced fluid, and the intermediate-buoyancy particles that reside at the interface between successive fluids are introduced into the models. Such particles must overcome strong secondary flows in order to travel with the interface. Particle motions are investigated in different experimental and numerical models, and their effectiveness is investigated. The experimental results confirm that while the particles with a size of 425–500 um are unable to overcome the secondary flows in eccentric vertical models and track the interface, they can be useful for tracking the interface between two fluids in an eccentric model with a small inclination to the narrow side. CFD analysis investigates this behavior with more details and shows the effects of some parameters on the particle motions.

Cementing Irregular Horizontal Wellbores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alondra Renteria ◽  
Parisa Sarmadi ◽  
Ian Frigaard
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Circular Annulus ◽  
Primary Cementing ◽  
Horizontal Wellbores ◽  
Averaged Model

Abstract In this work, we study the effect of borehole irregularities during primary cementing of a horizontal section of well. We use a simplified 2D gap-averaged model to compute the displacement of a drilling mud by a spacer within an elliptical annulus that represents an oval irregularity. We also present a series of 3D numerical simulations using a Volume of Fluid method to capture the interface between the fluids. The 3D model allows us to study the effects of more local irregularities such as wall roughness that can be imported from a caliper log. The dynamics of the displacement of two fluids in a horizontal uniform circular annulus is governed by buoyancy, eccentricity and the rheology of the fluids. A positive density difference combined with a slow mean pumping speed promotes slumping of the second fluid towards the bottom of the annulus. Nevertheless, high eccentricity values (e = 1-standoff) are common due to the weight of the casing pulling downwards, opposing the buoyancy force. Finally, the rheology of the fluids is relevant to determine the presence of un-displaced layers of mud, e.g. at the walls. The same competition described above holds true in the elliptical annulus. Results from the 2D gap-averaged model suggest that the elliptical shape incorporates an additional way of altering the velocity field around it. The effect is more evident when orienting the largest radius of the elliptical annulus at different angles. Results from 3D simulations show that the interface follows irregularities and the local roughness can improve the displacement by inducing secondary flows. However, enlargements result in poor displacement.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Pristine and a Nano-Modified Thermoplastic Adhesive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Boursier Niutta ◽  
Raffaele Ciardiello ◽  
Giovanni Belingardi ◽  
Alessandro Scattina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Set Up

In this work, the mechanical properties of two different adhesives compositions have been investigated both experimentally and numerically. The studied thermoplastic adhesives are Hot-Melt Adhesive (HMA). In particular, a pristine and a nanomodified adhesive with 10% in weight of iron oxide have been considered. The adhesives have been subjected to a series of single lap joint (SLJ) tests using adherends made of polypropylene copolymer. As it is well-known, the structural-mechanical behavior of adhesive joints is mostly influenced by the bonding process: thickness of adhesive as well as its application procedures and the surface preparation of adherends are among the most influencing factors. In addition, the mechanical behavior of SLJ test is particularly influenced by the correct alignment of adherends and applied load. These aspects have been investigated, analyzing the experimental results. Moreover, the experimental results have been used to develop a numerical model of the two adhesives. The numerical analysis has been carried out using the commercial software LS-DYNA. Transient nonlinear finite element analysis has been performed to simulate the mechanical behavior of the thermoplastic adhesives. In particular, the cohesive formulations of the elements have been taken into consideration after a careful literature review. In order to set-up and to validate the mechanical properties of the adhesives, the experimental SLJ tests have been simulated. The developed finite element models enable to investigate more complex joint structures where these types of adhesives are used, such as plastic piping systems and automotive applications. Further, the numerical models allow to investigate with higher accuracy and lower time different aspects such as manufacturing and non-linear effects.

Tracking Fluid Interface in Carbon Capture and Storage Cement Placement Application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Frigaard ◽  
Amir Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tracer Particle ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Primary Cementing ◽  
And Storage

One current methodology for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) involves pumping carbon dioxide (CO2) into a depleted oil and gas reservoir, usually via an existing well. Permanence of the storage in this case relies on the integrity of the reservoir and also the avoidance of leakage at the points of entry. Two different cementing procedures are involved in the latter problem: primary cementing and squeeze cementing. Here we consider how to track the interface between two fluids during primary cementing. The main idea is to exploit the density difference between successive fluids pumped in order to design a tracer particle to sit at the interface. Although apparently trivial, such particles must also overcome strong secondary flows in order to remain in the interface. We provide a proof of concept analysis of this situation assuming the displacement involves laminar flows of two Newtonian fluids in a narrow vertical annulus and demonstrate its feasibility.

scholarly journals Modeling Stray Capacitances of High-Voltage Capacitive Dividers for Conventional Measurement Setups

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mingotti ◽  
Federica Costa ◽  
Lorenzo Peretto ◽  
Roberto Tinarelli ◽  
Paolo Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ratio Error ◽  
Complicated Geometries

Stray capacitances (SCs) are a serious issue in high-voltage (HV) applications. Their presence can alter the circuit or the operation of a device, resulting in wrong or even disastrous consequences. To this purpose, in this work, we describe the modeling of SCs in HV capacitive dividers. Such modeling does not rely on finite element analysis or complicated geometries; instead, it starts from an equivalent circuit of a conventional measurement setup described by the standard IEC 61869-11. Once the equivalent model including the SCs is found, closed expressions of the SCs are derived starting from the ratio error definition. Afterwards, they are validated in a simulation environment by implementing various circuit configurations. The results demonstrate the expressions applicability and effectiveness; hence, thanks to their simplicity, they can be implemented by system operators, researchers, and manufacturers avoiding the use of complicated methods and technologies.

Analysis of Heat Transfer through PVC Window Profile Reinforced with Ti6Al4V Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Lacki ◽  
Judyta Różycka ◽  
Marcin Rogoziński
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ti6al4v Titanium Alloy ◽  
Characteristic Points

This requires the use of additional reinforcement in order to prevent excessive or permanent deformation of PVC windows. In the paper particular attention was devoted to space located in a corrosive environment exposed to chemical agents. For this purpose, proposed to change the previously used steel profiles reinforcements made of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy corrosion-resistant in the air, at sea and many types of industrial atmosphere. Analysis of the thermal insulation properties of PVC windows with additional reinforcement of profile Ti6Al4V titanium alloy was performed. PVC window set in a layer of thermal insulation was analyzed. Research was conducted using Finite Element Analysis. Numerical models and thermal calculations were made in the program ADINA, assuming appropriate material parameters. The constant internal temperature of 20 ̊ and an outer-20 ̊ was assumed. The course of temperature distribution in baffle in time 24 hours and graphs of characteristic points was obtained. The time of in which followed the steady flow of heat, as well as the course of isotherm of characteristic temperature in the baffle was determined. On the basis of numerical analysis obtained vector distribution of heat flux q [W/m2] and was determined heat transfer coefficients U [W/m2K] for the whole window with titanium reinforcement . All results were compared with the model of PVC windows reinforced with steel profile.

Leakage Flow Investigations on a Through-Wall Crack Related to Thermal Fatigue of Nuclear Power Plant Piping

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schmid ◽  
Rudi Kulenovic ◽  
Eckart Laurien
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Set Up

For the validation of empirical models to calculate leakage flow rates in through-wall cracks of piping, reliable experimental data are essential. In this context, the Leakage Flow (LF) test rig was built up at the IKE for measurements of leakage flow rates with reduced pressure (maximum 1 MPA) and temperature (maximum 170 °C) compared to real plant conditions. The design of the test rig enables experimental investigations of through-wall cracks with different geometries and orientations by means of circular blank sheets with integrated cracks which are installed in the tubular test section of the test rig. In the paper, the experimental LF set-up and used measurement techniques are explained in detail. Furthermore, first leakage flow measurement results for one through-wall crack geometry and different imposed fluid pressures at ambient temperature conditions are presented and discussed. As an additional aspect the experimental data are used for the determination of the flow resistance of the investigated leak channel. Finally, the experimental results are compared with numerical results of WinLeck calculations to prove specifically in WinLeck implemented numerical models.

Assessment of Radius of Investigation of Pressure Transient Analysis in Highly Heterogeneous Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Zeybek ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
Hadrien Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Transient Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Layered Systems ◽  
Pressure Transient ◽  
Heterogeneous Reservoirs ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Heterogeneous Formations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Generation

Abstract The radius of investigation (ROI) of pressure transient analyses has been traditionally assessed using analytical formulations with basic reservoir parameters for homogenous systems. Numerous studies aimed to improve ROI formulations to incorporate all reservoir and testing parameters such as gauge resolution and rate for more accurate ROI assessments. However, new generation wireline formation testers aim to improve deep transient tests with significant developments in gauge resolution and increasing rate. Challenges still remain in heterogeneous formations such as shaly sands and carbonate reservoirs. In this study, detailed conceptual high-resolution numerical models are set up, including comprehensive reservoir and measurement parameters, to investigate more realistic ROI assessments in layered heterogeneous systems without and with hydraulic communication. Several conceptual examples are presented in layered systems with permeability contrasts. In addition, deviation from infinite-acting radial flow (IAFR) and pressure propagation in highly heterogeneous layered systems are investigated to detect the presence of geological features, including closed boundary systems and the presence of a fault in the proximity of wellbore.

A Simple Approach to the Theory of Secondary Flows

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Simple Approach ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Large Deflections ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Vortex Sheets ◽  
Trailing Edges ◽  
Secondary Motion ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Uniform Stream

SummaryA simple method is developed for computing the trailing vorticity which arises when a non-uniform stream is turned.It is shown that, for a sudden and constant deflection of a non-uniform stream, no net trailing vorticity is set up in the exit flow and hence there is no secondary motion.In the case of an impulse cascade of finite dimensions with constant turning, it is found that the trailing vorticity has three distinct components—the passage vorticity and two components which appear as vortex sheets springing from the trailing edges of the aerofoils. It is shown that for small angles of deflection there is no net circulation associated with the trailing vorticity downstream, of the cascade, and it is inferred that this should still be so for large deflections.

scholarly journals An Improved Analytical Solution for Process-Induced Residual Stresses and Deformations in Flat Composite Laminates Considering Thermo-Viscoelastic Effects

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Yaoyao Shi
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Viscoelastic Effects

Dimensional control can be a major concern in the processing of composite structures. Compared to numerical models based on finite element methods, the analytical method can provide a faster prediction of process-induced residual stresses and deformations with a certain level of accuracy. It can explain the underlying mechanisms. In this paper, an improved analytical solution is proposed to consider thermo-viscoelastic effects on residual stresses and deformations of flat composite laminates during curing. First, an incremental differential equation is derived to describe the viscoelastic behavior of composite materials during curing. Afterward, the analytical solution is developed to solve the differential equation by assuming the solution at the current time, which is a linear combination of the corresponding Laplace equation solutions of all time. Moreover, the analytical solution is extended to investigate cure behavior of multilayer composite laminates during manufacturing. Good agreement between the analytical solution results and the experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) results validates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, the mechanism generating residual stresses and deformations for unsymmetrical composite laminates is investigated based on the proposed analytical solution.

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