Reduced Life Cycles Cost and Improved Analysis Accuracy Utilizing WESTEMS™ Integrated Modeling Methods

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lyles Cranford ◽  
Mark A. Gray ◽  
Rashed Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Integrated Modeling ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Global Parameter ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lengthy Calculation ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
The Relationship

Traditional methods of qualifying pressure vessel components to ASME stress and fatigue requirements often involve complex and lengthy calculation processes. The costs of individually analyzing every specified transient can be prohibitive if large numbers of transients are considered, with each one having varied loading conditions acting on the components. In addition, the time dependent nature of real transient loads results in a significant computational and bookkeeping problem. In most cases the analyst uses a number of simplifying and enveloping assumptions to develop stresses to represent all transient conditions. He relies on his experience and judgment to make simplifications with respect to the timing of applied mechanical loads, as well as the relationship between the applied mechanical loads and the timing of the thermal loads. The analyst’s skill governs the length and complexity of the qualification process. The WESTEMS™ Integrated Modeling approach dramatically simplifies this effort and improves analysis accuracy, while reducing the overall time necessary to perform the analysis. WESTEMS™ Integrated Models can reduce the process of analyzing a list of transients defined by global parameter time histories and reporting final design stress and fatigue to a few steps. This paper discusses how WESTEMS™ overcomes the technical difficulties encountered in automating such tasks, and shows the technical superiority of WESTEMS™ over the current traditional methods. It also demonstrates how applying the WESTEMS™ technology to NSSS equipment can reduce engineering life cycle costs.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Relationship between Cyniclomyces guttulatus and Rabbit Diarrhoea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Tuanyuan Shi ◽  
Xinlei Yan ◽  
Hongchao Sun ◽  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Lili Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cyniclomyces guttulatus is usually recognised as an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in rabbits. However, large numbers of C. guttulatus are often detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic rabbits. The relationship of C. guttulatus with rabbit diarrhoea needs to be clearly identified. In this study, a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was isolated from a New Zealand White rabbit with severe diarrhoea and then inoculated into SPF New Zealand white rabbits alone or co-inoculated with Eimeriaintestinalis, another kind of pathogen in rabbits. Our results showed that the optimal culture medium pH and temperature for this yeast were pH 4.5 and 40–42 °C, respectively. The sequence lengths of the 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA fragments were 1559 bp and 632 bp, respectively, and showed 99.8% homology with the 18S ribosomal sequence of the NRRL Y-17561 isolate from dogs and 100% homology with the 26S ribosomal sequence of DPA-CGR1 and CGDPA-GP1 isolates from rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. In animal experiments, the C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, even when 1 × 108 vegetative cells were used per rabbit. Surprisingly, rabbits inoculated with yeast showed a slightly better body weight gain and higher food intake. However, SPF rabbits co-inoculated with C. guttulatus and E. intestinalis developed more severe coccidiosis than rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus or E. intestinalis alone. In addition, we surveyed the prevalence of C. guttulatus in rabbits and found that the positive rate was 83% in Zhejiang Province. In summary, the results indicated that C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, although might be an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens, such as coccidia.

scholarly journals Critical Review of Methods to Estimate PM2.5 Concentrations within Specified Research Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoping Rui ◽  
Yonglei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Filter Membrane ◽  
Representative Points ◽  
The Relationship

Obtaining PM2.5 data for the entirety of a research region underlies the study of the relationship between PM2.5 and human spatiotemporal activity. A professional sampler with a filter membrane is used to measure accurate values of PM2.5 at single points in space. However, there are numerous PM2.5 sampling and monitoring facilities that rely on data from only representative points, and which cannot measure the data for the whole region of research interest. This provides the motivation for researching the methods of estimation of particulate matter in areas having fewer monitors at a special scale, an approach now attracting considerable academic interest. The aim of this study is to (1) reclassify and particularize the most frequently used approaches for estimating the PM2.5 concentrations covering an entire research region; (2) list improvements to and integrations of traditional methods and their applications; and (3) compare existing approaches to PM2.5 estimation on the basis of accuracy and applicability.

scholarly journals Video Game Self-efficacy and its Effect on Training Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Skilan A. Ortiz ◽  
Clint A. Bowers ◽  
Janis A. Cannon-Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Declarative Knowledge ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Efficacy Expectations ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the effects of using serious games for training on task performance and declarative knowledge outcomes. The purpose was to determine if serious games are more effective training tools than traditional methods. Self-efficacy, expectations for training, and engagement were considered as moderators of the relationship between type of training and task performance as well as type of training and declarative knowledge. Results of the study offered support for the potential of serious games to be more effective than traditional methods of training when it comes to task performance.

Point-Summing Methods

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Balinski ◽  
Rida Laraki
Keyword(s):  
Interval Scale ◽  
Approval Voting ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Political Candidates ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Scale Point

This chapter discusses and analyzes reasons why point-summing methods are not acceptable methods for electing and ranking. Points invite comparisons and not evaluations, and when they are in large numbers, there is a large difference in their meanings and uses among the voters. Summing or averaging numbers, without constituting an interval measure, is of no use, as these numbers are not drawn from a bona fide interval scale. Point-summing methods are not used in political elections because such methods that favor and penalize centrist candidates are not accepted for electing or grading political candidates. Another reason is that such methods maximize manipulability as both judges and voters can make changes easily in the final scores of any candidate or competitor. The chapter also compares point-summing methods with other traditional methods or approval voting.

Memory as National Values

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-148
Author(s):  
Kathrin Bachleitner
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
National Values ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter places collective memory at the source of a country’s values. In that regard, it enquires into the nature of normative obligations arising from memory. Based on moral-philosophical considerations, it finds normativity in the ‘processes surrounding memory’ described in the temporal security concept. Over time, the relationship between collective memory, identity, and behaviour generates a ‘duty to act’ for countries in the sense of ‘ought’. This last and most diffuse impact of collective memory unfolds and persists into the long run. Through it, collective memory, entirely outside the realm of conscious choice, channels behaviour towards one good course of action. To illustrate this, the empirical study picks up the case countries, Germany and Austria, at a late point in time. In 2015, large numbers of refugees arrived at their borders during what became known as the ‘European refugee crisis’. In this ‘critical situation’, both countries were required to react and thus position themselves vis-à-vis the highly normative issue of asylum. With the help of a content analysis of official speeches, the case study demonstrates how German and Austrian politicians came to identify different versions of what a good response entails based on their country’s diverse collective memories.

scholarly journals Einige Erfahrungen und Gedanken über Hochschuldidaktik an der Massenuniversität / Some remarks and observation on teaching methods at university with mass student attendence

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Hagemann-White
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Final Section ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Behavior ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
University Of Berlin ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe author reports her experience of and observations on the teaching of sociology at the Free University of Berlin. She examines the teaching behavior of the instructors, the relationship between colleagues, and those between teachers and students. Certain tendencies in the practice of teaching are viewed as expressing a form of coping by projection with the failures experienced in trying to reform studies, failures that are in fact caused by the unfavorable real conditions at the university. A tendency to make university teaching more like schooling is observed; reasons for this are found in the effects of pressure towards professional competition, which prevents both fruitful cooperation between instructors and genuine communication with students. The additional difficulties experienced by women in teaching are described. In the final section conclusions are drawn in the form of practical suggestions which take account of the actual possibilities of a university with very large numbers of students.

scholarly journals Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1182-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Poulton ◽  
Robert Hester
Keyword(s):  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Societal Burden ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enhanced Learning ◽  
Behavioral Impulsivity

Abstract Substance dependence constitutes a profound societal burden. Although large numbers of individuals use licit or illicit substances, few transition to dependence. The specific factors influencing this transition are not well understood. Substance-dependent individuals tend to be swayed by the immediate rewards of drug taking, but are often insensitive to delayed negative consequences of their behavior. Dependence is consequently associated with impulsivity for reward and atypical learning from feedback. Behavioral impulsivity is indexed using tasks measuring spontaneous decision-making and capacity to control impulses. While evidence indicates drug taking exacerbates behavioral impulsivity for reward, animal and human studies of drug naïve populations demonstrate it might precede any drug-related problems. Research suggests dependent individuals are also more likely to learn from rewarding (relative to punishing) feedback. This may partly explain why substance-dependent individuals fail to modify their behavior in response to negative outcomes. This enhanced learning from reward may constitute a further pre-existing risk factor for substance dependence. Although impulsivity for reward and preferential learning from rewarding feedback are both underpinned by a compromised dopaminergic system, few studies have examined the relationship between these two mechanisms. The interplay of these processes may help enrich understanding of why some individuals transition to substance dependence.

Cyber-Victimisation: The Association Between Help-Seeking Behaviours and Self-Reported Emotional Symptoms in Australia and Austria

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian J. Dooley ◽  
Petra Gradinger ◽  
Dagmar Strohmeier ◽  
Donna Cross ◽  
Christiane Spiel
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMany young people who are bullied do not tell anyone. School staff therefore are often unaware of which students are being victimised and when to provide support or assistance. A critical strategy to overcome this problem is to encourage victimised students to seek help and report this bullying. This study aims to examine the relationship between help-seeking behaviours and self-reported emotional symptoms in young people from Australia (n = 5959; M age = 12.36 years, SD = 1.46 years) and Austria (n = 1530; M age = 12.68 years, SD = .84 years) who reported being victimised (via cyber and traditional bullying). In both countries, students who were cyber-victimised compared to those who were victimised in more traditional methods were less likely to seek help. Girls in both countries were significantly more likely to seek help and endorse more emotional symptoms than boys. No relationship was found between help-seeking and emotional symptoms in students who had been cyber-victimised. These preliminary results have important implications for the types of strategies used to enhance the approachability of school staff and families to provide appropriate help and support for young people who are being bullied.

The Value of Prototyping: An Investigation of the Relationship Between the Costs of Prototyping, Perceived Value, and Design Outcome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Nelson ◽  
Jessica Menold
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Final Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Prototyping is an important part of the design process and has repeatedly been identified in prior work as an important tool for designers to test assumptions, communicate ideas, and develop design knowledge. Researchers, however, currently have a limited understanding of how the resources invested in a prototype influence designers’ decision-making and their perceptions of a prototype’s value. Prior work has shown that significant investment of time or money in a prototype can lead to undesirable effects such as design fixation, but the full impact of these factors on designers’ perceived value of the prototypes remains unclear. Likewise, it is unclear how prototype usage impacts the evolution of designer knowledge. To explore these relationships, a study was performed in a 16 week-long design project involving 32 teams of mechanical engineering students. Results suggest that effective prototyping uncovered new design knowledge and limited uncertainty early in the design process, allowing teams to spend more time testing and iterating later in the design process. High-performing teams also reported final prototypes as less valuable for gathering new knowledge than their peers. Importantly, the study did not find any significant relationships between the cost of a prototype in terms of money and time, and the perceived value of that prototype. Nor were any significant relationships found between costs and final design outcomes. This work underscores the need for better methods to evaluate the value of prototyping efforts.

Impact of supply chain information sharing on performance of fashion enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixia Chen ◽  
Tongyu Gu ◽  
Yuru Cai ◽  
Yixiong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Fashion Brand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel research model to examine the relationship among information sharing (IS), supply chain integration (SCI), operational performance (OP) and business performance (BP) in the fashion supply chains. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 247 executives from Chinese fashion brand firms was conducted and the data were analyzed to investigate how IS affects the organizational BP. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to study the relationship among IS, SCI, OP and BP. Findings The empirical research results indicate that IS is critical to enhance the SCI and OP, and both SCI and OP exert mediating effects on BP of fashion brands. This result also reveals constructive suggestions that allow fashion brands to strengthen their SCI and OP, as well as BP. Research limitations/implications Multiple data sources were applied to develop the sampling frame, and respondents were selected (according to their experience and position) to ensure they had the knowledge and expertise to provide valid response. However, this could not guarantee the adequacy of the sample. This limitation is compounded by the reliance on a simple respondent per firm, which precludes testing for inter-rater reliability. Practical implications The empirical findings provide an enhanced understanding of the relationship among IS, SCI, OP and BP in Chinese fashion brand settings. The research results will help fashion brands to improve supply chain efficiency and enhance company performance. Originality/value Although previous studies have realized that the value of IS varies in different industries, few have specifically explored the impact on the fashion industry characterized by short life cycles, high volatility, low predictability and high impulse purchasing. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study employed a questionnaire survey and SEM techniques to explore the relationship among IS, SCI, OP and BP in the fashion supply chain. Comprehending the impact mechanism of IS on organizational performance can provide useful management insights into the development of effective strategies that allow enterprise to improve BP.

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