Quantifying Bolt Relaxation During High Temperature Operation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Brown ◽  
Tze-Yew Lim
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Yield Limit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Temperature Operation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Major Consideration ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a summary of recent testing into bolt relaxation, which occurs at temperatures above 230°C (450°F). Bolt relaxation is problematic for pressure boundary bolted joints as it can lead to joint leakage in the longer term. In addition, it should be a major consideration at the design phase, with selection of the appropriate bolt material limited not by the creep or yield limit of the material, but by the point where bolt relaxation becomes significant. Preliminary test results for different bolt materials at different temperatures are presented in this paper. The test results allow for some very high level observations regarding the acceptable design limits for different bolt and nut material combinations.

scholarly journals Test methods development of biomechanics of human movement utilizing the kinesiological electromyography

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kukla ◽  
Bartosz Wieczorek ◽  
Łukasz Warguła
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the issues concerning the development of methods for performing human biomechanics research utilizing kinesiological electromyography. The procedures concerning the selection of the location of electrodes, patient preparation for testing, conducting the experiment and the development of measurement results are dis-cussed in detail. Selected preliminary test results were also presented.

Experimental Research on the Mechanical Parameters of Frozen Pipes under Low Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 895-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wei Li ◽  
Hai Yan Liu ◽  
Ju Hong Fan ◽  
Ren He Wang ◽  
Bi Juan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brittle Transition ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Bending Capacity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Overall Bending ◽  
Selection Of

We carried out experiments of the mechanical properties of frozen pipes under different temperatures (-5°C, -10°C, -15°C), obtained axial tensile stress - strain curves of the steel and performance of the overall bending under low temperature conditions. The results showed that: the freezing pipes bending capacity increased with the decrease of temperature, but the stiffness was decreased with the decreasing temperature; the steel yield strength and ultimate strength were both increased with the decrease of temperature, the elongation and sectional shrinkage were decreased with the decrease of temperature. The test results provided the basis for the further research of frozen pipes’ ductile-brittle transition, fracture and other acts in low temperature, and provided reference for the selection of frozen pipe and engineering design.

scholarly journals Design of an H∞ PI controller with given relative stability and its application to the CSTR problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Ljubisa Dubonjic ◽  
Vojislav Filipovic ◽  
Novak Nedic ◽  
Vladimir Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Stability ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Pi Controllers ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fixed Structure ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

H? control theory has achieved a very high level, which is not followed by appropriate applications in industry. Some reasons are: synthesis of H? controllers is complex and based on the numerical Nevanlinna-Pick procedure, high order of controllers (higher than the order of the process) and sensitivity to deviation of controller coefficients (fragile controller). On the other hand, PI (PID) controllers are still dominant in industry, which places the problem of design of fixed structure controllers at the forefront. The mentioned problem is very difficult. This paper proposes a simple interactive procedure for design of H PI controllers with the presence of constraints (given the relative stability) based on D-decomposition. The catalogue of responses to references, suppression of disturbances and minimum of H? criteria of control is created. Selection of controllers, based on the catalogue, is left to the user. The application of H? PI controllers to a CSTR (continuous stirred-tank reactor) is demonstrated.

Next Generation Nuclear Plant: High-Level Functions and Requirements

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ryskamp ◽  
Edwin A. Harvego ◽  
Soli T. Khericha ◽  
Edward J. Gorski ◽  
George A. Beitel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Plant ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Very High Temperature Reactor ◽  
Environmental Laboratory ◽  
High Temperature Reactor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) prepared a functions and requirements (F&R) document for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Project [1] The highest-level functions and requirements for the NGNP Project design are identified in the F&R document, which establishes performance definitions to be achieved by the NGNP. The requirements for the NGNP are based on the Generation IV roadmap [2] goals. Based on these requirements, NGNP designs will be developed by commercial vendor(s). Of the six most promising Generation IV nuclear energy systems, the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) is the nearest-term reactor concept that also has the capability to efficiently produce hydrogen. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has selected the VHTR as the concept to demonstrate the use of nuclear power for electricity and hydrogen production without greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reviews the NGNP Project and the selection of the VHTR, then presents the NGNP functions and requirements.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR PANJANG KAKI DAN PENENTU STOK SEPATU YANG TERSEDIA SECARA DIGITAL MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO MEGA 2560 BERBASIS WEBSITE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Asep Hermawan ◽  
Abdul Muid ◽  
Irma Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Main Function ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Device Test ◽  
Selection Of

<p><em>Shoes have become a necessity and human lifestyle in keeping with the times. The main function of the shoe is to protect the foot from being injured due to environmental conditions. Shoe size is also a factor that influences the safety and comfort of activities so that the right size shoes are needed.For the sake of comfort in doing activities, shoes with the right size are needed to reduce injury. Some foot injuries can be caused due to incorrect selection of shoes so that they have a bad impact on the feet. To answer these problem, digital foot length measuring device will be made in this study using LDR sensor and diodesIn addition, this device can also recommend the right shoe sizes from various shoe brands available on the website page. To connect supporting software and hardware it will be managed by Arduino MEGA. Test results on 40 samples indicate that the system can recommend shoe sizes to users with a high level of suitability. Digital device test results obtained difference between 0cm - 1cm with a tolerance value of 1cm. On manual measurements of user's foot length and shoe size obtained a difference between 0,4cm – 1,5cm with a tolerance value of 1,5cm.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Shoe Size, LDR Sensor, Arduino MEGA, Website</em><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Sepatu </em><em>sudah</em><em> menjadi kebutuhan dan g</em><em>aya hidup </em><em>manusia dalam mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Fungsi utama s</em><em>epatu </em><em>adalah </em><em>melindungi kaki agar tidak cedera karena kondisi lingkungan</em><em>. Ukuran sepatu juga menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi keamanan dan </em><em>kenyamanan dalam beraktivitas</em><em> sehingga </em><em> dibutuhkan sepatu dengan ukuran yang </em><em>tepat.</em><em> </em><em>Beberapa cedera kaki dapat disebabkan  karena salah dalam pemilihan ukuran sepatu sehingga berdampak buruk bagi kaki. Untuk m</em><em>enjawab permasalahan tersebut,</em><em> </em><em>dalam penelitian ini direalisasikan alat ukur panjang telapak kaki secara digital menggunakan sensor LDR dan Dioda. Selain itu alat ini juga dapat merekomendasikan ukuran sepatu yang tepat dari berbagai merek sepatu yang tersedia di halaman website. Untuk menghubungkan perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras pendukung maka akan diatur oleh Arduino MEGA. Hasil pengujian pada 40 sampel menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat merekomendasikan ukuran sepatu kepada pengguna dengan tingkat kesesuaian yang tinggi. Pengujian alat digital diperoleh selisih antara 0cm – 1cm dengan nilai toleransi sebesar 1cm. Untuk pengukuran manual panjang kaki dan ukuran sepatu pengguna didapatkan selisih antara 0,4cm – 1,5cm dengan nilai toleransi sebesar 1,5cm.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci</em></strong><em> : Ukuran Sepatu, Sensor LDR, Arduino MEGA, Website</em></p>

scholarly journals The fortresses in RN Macedonia in function for enriching to tourist offer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Nikola Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cultural Routes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Selection Of

The tourist potentials of the medieval fortresses in RN Macedonia as a medieval heritage in the context of cultural and historical tourism are often neglected, but the practice in other European and even in Balkan countries shows that this segment of history can be used at a very high level. The purpose of this paper is to explore the fortresses in order to enrich the tourist offer in RN. Macedonia. Archaeological excavations have identified about eighty medieval fortresses and other fortifications on the territory of the country. The mentioned fortified settlements appear in different time periods from prehistory, through antiquity to the Middle Ages. There is a generally accepted opinion that the formation of tourist cultural routes would lead to better protection and presentation of the cultural monument and their activation in use for tourist purposes. The formation of a new tourist product is a big step in the formation of an attractive tourist offer, and in this case it is the Macedonian medieval fortresses. In the framework of this paper, the research is aimed at a narrow selection of medieval fortresses that can offer attractive content to tourists. The analysis and evaluation uses known and recognized qualitative - quantitative and comparative research methods, procedures, criteria and activities for tourism valorization.

Selection of Anticorrosion Adhesive Layer for Steel Deck

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1137-1143
Author(s):  
Chun Xia Yan ◽  
Zhi Guo Li ◽  
Bo Su
Keyword(s):  
Steel Plate ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Adhesive Force ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Adhesion Performance ◽  
Steel Deck ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

In order to solve the problems of the pavement delamination or slip caused by the failures of waterproof adhesive layer or anti-corrosion coating, the epoxy zinc-rich paint, the epoxy clear water paint and epoxy asphalt adhesive material with good performance was selected for the roughness-adhesive force test, tensile test under different temperatures and corrosion resistance test. The optimal anti-corrosion layer and adhesive layer were selected to increase the service life of the steel deck pavement. The test results show that: When the steel roughness is 60μm, the anti-corrosion material has the highest adhesive strength with the steel plate. Both the epoxy zinc-rich paint and the epoxy water paint have high adhesive strengths with the steel plate at room temperature. But at low temperature, the adhesion performance of the epoxy water paint is significantly better than that of the epoxy zinc-rich paint. At 70 °C, the adhesive strengths of both the epoxy water paint and epoxy zinc-rich paint adhesive system greatly decrease. The destruction morphology shows the opening of the adhesive layer. The specialized anti-corrosion coating must be brushed on the steel deck.

Evaluation of Black Pied first-calf heifers` lactation of various genotypes

2022 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
G. Kovaleva ◽  
N. Sulyga ◽  
M. Lapina ◽  
V. Vitol
Keyword(s):  
Lactation Period ◽  
Stability Ratio ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose: Comparative assessment of the fullness of lactation of primarmels of different genotypes.Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the assessment of the lactation activities, which was carried out in the SEC "Kazminsky" Kochubeevsky district of the Stavropol region on the livestock of the black and motley breed of local and brown populations from the Vologda region from LLC "Zaozerier" (farm №. 1) and SHPK "Proseukhon" (farm №2). Three experienced animals groups of 30 goals were formed in each, studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The greatest amount of milk for 305 days I lactation was obtained from the first elevations brought from LLC "Zaozerier" - 7368 kg, which is 3.64% more than from the cows of their own reproduction and 8.85% more than from animals grown in SEC "Proseukhonskoye". The lactation stability ratio was calculated in two ways, and in both cases there was more than 100, the factor of the fullness of lactation in the cows of the studied genotypes this indicator was also very high and amounted to 87.7-91.6, which indicates a high level of breeding and tribal work, and On the significant influence of genetic factors on the lactation activity of the studied animals. According to the nature of the lactation curve, the pilot of all three genotypes can be attributed to the I type - high stable lactation. However, the greatest amount of milk from cows was obtained in the third phase of lactation.Conclusion. Thus, it can be concluded that the period of adaptation did not have a significant impact on the lactation activity of the delivered first elements. The animals studied were characterized by high productivity and sustainable lactation.It is desirable when evaluating the cows, along with productivity for 305 days of lactation, consider individual qualities and the ability to hold high productivity to a large part of the lactation period. For more differentiated selection of cows in the breeding group, we recommend using the stability coefficients and the usefulness of lactation.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Ways to Identify Rail Running Surface Defects by Means of Vibration Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (186) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Roksana Licow ◽  
Franciszek Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Defects ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Vibration Tests ◽  
Performance Diagnostics ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses a preliminary concept of a method enabling the identification of chosen rail running surface defects, such as squats, spalling, and running surface defects, by analysing the parameters of vibration signals. It features a description of the methodology of the conducted tests, the scope thereof, and the selection of the measurement points with specific defect types. The article covers selected results of vibration tests, the results of analyses of recorded signals for defective track sections and those for control track sections. The presented measurement results have been obtained for the technical–operating conditions occurring on railway line no. 213 Reda – Hel and line no. 131 Chorzów Batory – Tczew. The preliminary test results and conclusions included in the article show that it is reasonable to pursue further research into the phenomena involving the utilisation of vibroacoustics in rail performance diagnostics Keywords: vibroacoustics, squat, spalling, running surface defect

THE INFLUENCE OF INQUIRY AND DISCOVERY LEARNING METHOD AND CREATIVITY LEVEL IN WRITING SKILLS DESCRIPTION IN NAUTIC TARUNA AND TECHNIQUE IN SURABAYA SHIPPING POLYTECHNIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Dian Permata Prasetyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
High Level ◽  
Discovery Method

Surabaya Shipping Polytechnic emphasizes on certain areas of expertise that Taruna must possess. This is the basis after graduating from shipping polytechnics, cadets must have expertise and skills. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of inquiry, discovery learning, and creativity levels on the ability to write descriptive essays on nautical and technical cadets at Surabaya Shipping Polytechnic. This type of research is research. This research uses quantitative methods using experiments. The location used in this research is Surabaya Shipping Polytechnic. The subjects in this study were the cadets of the Nautika A, Nautika B, Teknika A, and Teknika B. classes. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the following conclusions are obtained: There are those that can be solved looking for description essays in the cadets. learning discovery method. The test results show better investigation methods than the discovery of learning, There is a difference in the ability to write a description essay about cadets who have a high level of creativity with cadets who have a low level of creativity, the test results show better who have a high level of creativity, there are related with learning methods and descriptions of the ability to write essay descriptions, the test results show learning methods and creativity descriptions of the ability to write essay descriptions.

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