Magnetic Methods for the Identification of Incorrect Microstructures in Grade 91 Power Station Steels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilson ◽  
Anthony J. Peyton
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Magnetic Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Martensitic Microstructure ◽  
Grade 91 ◽  
The University

Abstract Grade 91 steels have been used in power generation for more than 20 years in high temperature, high pressure applications such as steam piping, headers and tubing because it provides superior creep and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. The mechanical properties of the material are dependent on the creation of a martensitic microstructure, however incorrect heat treatment during manufacture, installation or repair can result in a weak ferritic or semi-ferritic microstructure which can cause premature component failure. Currently, components with incorrect, weak microstructures are identified using hardness testing; a manual technique which is prone to error. This work details a series of tests carried out at the University of Manchester to assess the suitability of multi-parameter magnetic testing for the identification of incorrect microstructures. The tests stem from a workshop organized by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) where three sets of samples (eight pipe sections, eight tube sections and eight unidentified tube sections) with different microstructures were circulated world-wide. The results of the work show that the magnetic measurement techniques employed in these tests have the potential to provide a basis for the development of a portable NDE system for the identification of incorrect microstructures in Grade 91 plant components. The developed system would enable fast scanning of components with very little surface preparation along with digital data storage, improving on current manual hardness testing.

MATERIAL HANDLING MACHINES AND SYSTEMS – UMI-TWINN PROJECT CONTRIBUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Péter Telek ◽  
Béla Illés ◽  
Christian Landschützer ◽  
Fabian Schenk ◽  
Flavien Massi
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
New Research ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
The University

Nowadays, the Industry 4.0 concept affects every area of the industrial, economic, social and personal sectors. The most significant changings are the automation and the digitalization. This is also true for the material handling processes, where the handling systems use more and more automated machines; planning, operation and optimization of different logistic processes are based on many digital data collected from the material flow process. However, new methods and devices require new solutions which define new research directions. In this paper we describe the state of the art of the material handling researches and draw the role of the UMi-TWINN partner institutes in these fields. As a result of this H2020 EU project, scientific excellence of the University of Miskolc can be increased and new research activities will be started.

New Trends in Digital Data Storage for the Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
A. Saxena ◽  
◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
S. Dangi ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Data Storage ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Deoxyribonucleic Acid as a Tool for Digital Information Storage: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ashish C Patel ◽  
C G Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Digital File

Current data storage technologies cannot keep pace longer with exponentially growing amounts of data through the extensive use of social networking photos and media, etc. The "digital world” with 4.4 zettabytes in 2013 has predicted it to reach 44 zettabytes by 2020. From the past 30 years, scientists and researchers have been trying to develop a robust way of storing data on a medium which is dense and ever-lasting and found DNA as the most promising storage medium. Unlike existing storage devices, DNA requires no maintenance, except the need to store at a cool and dark place. DNA has a small size with high density; just 1 gram of dry DNA can store about 455 exabytes of data. DNA stores the informations using four bases, viz., A, T, G, and C, while CDs, hard disks and other devices stores the information using 0’s and 1’s on the spiral tracks. In the DNA based storage, after binarization of digital file into the binary codes, encoding and decoding are important steps in DNA based storage system. Once the digital file is encoded, the next step is to synthesize arbitrary single-strand DNA sequences and that can be stored in the deep freeze until use.When there is a need for information to be recovered, it can be done using DNA sequencing. New generation sequencing (NGS) capable of producing sequences with very high throughput at a much lower cost about less than 0.1 USD for one MB of data than the first sequencing technologies. Post-sequencing processing includes alignment of all reads using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) algorithms to obtain different consensus sequences. The consensus sequence is decoded as the reversal of the encoding process. Most prior DNA data storage efforts sequenced and decoded the entire amount of stored digital information with no random access, but nowadays it has become possible to extract selective files (e.g., retrieving only required image from a collection) from a DNA pool using PCR-based random access. Various scientists successfully stored up to 110 zettabytes data in one gram of DNA. In the future, with an efficient encoding, error corrections, cheaper DNA synthesis,and sequencing, DNA based storage will become a practical solution for storage of exponentially growing digital data.

XD™ Titanium Aluminide Composites

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Christodoulou ◽  
P. A. Parrish ◽  
C. R. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe advantages of reinforcing metals with ceramic particles to produce metal matrix composites are well known. The behavior of discontinuously reinforced intermetallic compounds, however, has not been extensively studied. Martin Marietta Laboratories has produced a new generation of discontinuously reinforced titanium aluminide composites using a proprietary casting process known as XD™ technology. These new materials possess enhanced properties at room and elevated temperatures and may be cast, extruded, or forged. The effects of matrix composition, reinforcing phase, and thermal mechanical processing on properties have been studied using optical and various electron microscopy and mechanical and physical property measurement techniques to characterize the alloys. To date, most work has been done on a two-phased lamellar Ti-45 a/o Al alloy reinforced with TiB2 ceramic having an equiaxed morphology. Data on temperature dependence of the dynamic Young's modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, deformation and fracture behavior, and microstructure are presented.

Blockchain Encryption on Student Academic Transcripts using a Smart Contract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primasatria Edastama ◽  
Ninda Lutfiani ◽  
Qurotul Aini ◽  
Suryari Purnama ◽  
Isabella Yaumil Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Data Storage System

As an innovation in the world of computers, blockchain has many benefits and is also widely applied in the world of education. Blockchain itself has many advantages, especially in the world of education. Blockchain is a digital data storage system that consists of many servers (multiserver). In this Blockchain technology, data created by one server can be replicated and verified by another server. By using this technology with a decentralized system and strong cryptography and can help colleges or universities to build infrastructure in the archive storage of transcripts, diplomas, and diplomas. Usage One of the blockchain technology applications in education is iBC, namely the e-learning Blockchain Certificate, book copyright, and also e-Portfolios. iBC or e-learning Blockchain Certificate is a tool designed to create, verify and also issue blockchain certificates. As has been supported by the IBC to create certificates that are globally verified and stored in a decentralized manner. Here will be presented use cases that are relevant in the use of Blockchain technology in educational environments, especially data processing in universities and we also try to design an IBC based on blockchain technology that can be used to support transparency and accountability of colleges or universities in issuing diplomas and grades. 

scholarly journals Archiving South African digital research data: How ready are we?

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 7/8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Koopman ◽  
Karin de Jager ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
South African ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Research Data Management ◽  
The University ◽  
Digital Research

Abstract Digital data archiving and research data management have become increasingly important for institutions in South Africa, particularly after the announcement by the National Research Foundation, one of the principal South African academic research funders, recommending these actions for the research that they fund. A case study undertaken during the latter half of 2014, among the biological sciences researchers at a South African university, explored the state of data management and archiving at this institution and the readiness of researchers to engage with sharing their digital research data through repositories. It was found that while some researchers were already engaged with digital data archiving in repositories, neither researchers nor the university had implemented systematic research data management.

Analog and digital data storage in a phase-coded holographic memory

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Oliver Mueller ◽  
Cornelia Denz ◽  
Torsten Rauch ◽  
Thorsten Heimann ◽  
J. Trumpfheller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Holographic Memory ◽  
Digital Data Storage

Magnetic Measurement Techniques for Locating Foreign Bodies in Humans

Biomag 96 ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
E. Costa Monteiro ◽  
C. Kelber ◽  
E. Andrade Lima ◽  
P. Costa Ribeiro ◽  
A. C. Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Magnetic Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques

scholarly journals Bondability of Beech Wood with One-component Polyurethane Structural Adhesive

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Norbert Horvath ◽  
Csilla Csiha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Adhesive Application ◽  
The University ◽  
Structural Adhesive

Abstract The bondability of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood with a one-component polyurethane (1K PUR) structural (load-bearing) adhesive has been investigated at the Simonyi Károly Faculty at the University of West Hungary. Our trial is considered a preliminary investigation in order to set the convenient parameters of bonding for the structural gluing of beech wood. Wood samples were characterized by their oven dry density, and the surfaces to be bonded were characterized by their surface roughness and surface tension after machining. Based on our measurements, we have made a suggestion on the value of the ensemble of open time, applied quantity and pressure, pressing time, and surface preparation/surface roughness parameters which result in good bonding and a shear strength higher than 10 N/mm2. Furthermore, we investigated the penetration of the adhesive into the surface and state that one-sided adhesive application results in differing levels of penetration. In order to check the suitability of beech wood for glued laminated timber production, further investigations according to EN standards are necessary. Based upon the considerations noted above, delamination tests are already under evaluation.

scholarly journals A Bis-Monophospholyl Dysprosium Cation Showing Magnetic Hysteresis at 48 Kelvin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Evans ◽  
Daniel Reta ◽  
George F. S. Whitehead ◽  
Nicholas Chilton ◽  
David Mills
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Spin Dynamics ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Potential Applications

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have potential applications in high-density data storage, but magnetic relaxation times at elevated temperatures must be increased to make them practically useful. <i>Bis</i>-cyclopentadienyl lanthanide sandwich complexes have emerged as the leading candidates for SMMs that show magnetic memory at liquid nitrogen temperatures, but the relaxation mechanisms mediated by aromatic C<sub>5</sub> rings have not been fully established. Here we synthesise a <i>bis</i>-monophospholyl dysprosium SMM [Dy(Dtp)<sub>2</sub>][Al{OC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>4</sub>] (<b>1</b>, Dtp = {P(C<sup>t</sup>BuCMe)<sub>2</sub>}) by the treatment of <i>in situ</i>-prepared “[Dy(Dtp)<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)]” with [HNEt<sub>3</sub>][Al{OC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>4</sub>]. SQUID magnetometry reveals that <b>1</b> has an effective barrier to magnetisation reversal of 1,760 K (1,223 cm<sup>–1</sup>) and magnetic hysteresis up to 48 K. <i>Ab initio</i> calculation of the spin dynamics reveal that transitions out of the ground state are slower in <b>1</b> than in the first reported dysprosocenium SMM, [Dy(Cp<sup>ttt</sup>)<sub>2</sub>][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (Cp<sup>ttt</sup> = C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>2</sub><sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>-1,2,4), however relaxation is faster in <b>1</b> overall due to the compression of electronic energies and to vibrational modes being brought on-resonance by the chemical and structural changes introduced by the <i>bis</i>-Dtp framework. With the preparation and analysis of <b>1</b> we are thus able to further refine our understanding of relaxation processes operating in <i>bis</i>-C<sub>5</sub>/C<sub>4</sub>P sandwich lanthanide SMMs, which is the necessary first step towards rationally achieving higher magnetic blocking temperatures in these systems in future.

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