Analysis of FBG Sensors Data for Pipeline Monitoring

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Paolozzi ◽  
Ferdinando Felli ◽  
Cristian Vendittozzi ◽  
Claudio Paris ◽  
Hiroshi Asanuma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Flow Fluctuation ◽  
Oil Distribution ◽  
Real Size ◽  
Fbg Sensors ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
Illegal Activities

Pipelines for oil distribution may affect the environment when natural disasters such as landslides and earthquakes damage the infrastructures. Besides natural causes, illegal extraction of oil from the pipelines can produce significant environmental damage and sometimes loss of lives from explosions. During the spill, the fuel flow of the main stream theoretically reduces, but this variation is within the normal flow fluctuation and so it is not possible to detect this illegal activity using fuel flow measurements. Transducers based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are very attractive for pipeline monitoring. In two previous works we proposed a new transducer for increasing the sensitivity of FBG sensors to detect illegal activities on the pipelines (drilling). In fact FBG sensors attached directly on the surface of the pipe are not capable to detect strain variations induced by a drill. This paper reports an update on the experimental results obtained on a real size pipeline and a theoretical study aimed to explain why a surface attached sensor does not work.

scholarly journals Fuel-Flow Measurements on Coal-Fired Power Stations

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Author(s):  
Ray Keech ◽  
Ruixue Cheng ◽  
Peter Asquith ◽  
Jianyong Zhang ◽  
John Coulthard
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Fuel Flow

Improvements to a sugarcane road transportation system

2011 ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
A.L. Gómez ◽  
D.F. Cobo ◽  
P.W. Castro ◽  
C.H. Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Structural Mass ◽  
Fuel Costs

Among the costs of the whole cane sugar and ethanol production system, the activities covered by harvesting (manual and mechanical), road transportation and cane unloading are the most expensive category of operations. A comprehensive study of the cane transport system, which covers topics from system logistics to cane bin design, is being undertaken for the Colombian sugar industry. Models for predicting fuel consumption have been developed and tested using techniques such as GPS (Global Positioning System), pull load and direct fuel flow measurements for the complete operational cycles. Sensitivity trials have also been performed to analyze the influence of bin mass on fuel consumption in the complete cycle and FEA (Finite Element Analysis) modeling has been applied to the design and construction of new equipment. Results show that reductions of 5% of fuel costs are achieved with the 10% structural mass reduction achieved.

Spanwise Mixing in Axial-Flow Turbomachines

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Adkins ◽  
L. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Separated Flow ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Mixing Coefficient ◽  
Blade Row ◽  
End Wall

Flow measurements taken in multistage axial-flow turbomachines suggest that substantial spanwise mixing of flow properties often occurs. In addition, measured blade row turnings often show considerable deviation from two-dimensional cascade theory, particularly in the end-wall regions. An approximate method is presented with which both of these effects can be included in design through-flow calculations. The method is based on inviscid, small-perturbation secondary flow theory. Frictional effects are not directly included but secondary flows caused by annulus wall and blade boundary layers are included in an approximate way. The secondary flow model includes effects of 1) main-stream nonfree-vortex flow, 2) end-wall boundary layers, 3) blade end clearances, 4) blade end shrouding, and 5) blade boundary layer and wake centrifugation. The spanwise mixing phenomenon is modeled as a diffusion process, where the mixing coefficient is related to the calculated spanwise secondary velocities. Empirical adjustments are employed to account for the dissipation of the secondary velocities and interactions with downstream blade rows. The induced blade row overturnings are related to the calculated cross-passage secondary velocities. The nature of the assumptions employed restricts the method to design-point-type applications for which losses are relatively small and significant regions of separated flow are not present.

scholarly journals Development of a petroleum pipeline monitoring system for characterization of damages using a Fourier transform

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
E.N. Aba ◽  
O.A. Olugboji ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
M.A. Olutoye ◽  
O. Adedipe
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Signal Processing Technique ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring

Significant damage to the environment and huge economic losses are potential problems caused by leakage from petroleum pipelines. The occurrence of a leakage in a pipeline throughout its lifetime is very difficult to prevent. To minimize environmental damage and high economic losses, an efficient pipeline monitoring system is required to carry out damage characterization thereby enhancing quick response. The signal processing technique of sampling and reconstruction was adopted and mathematical algorithms for the characterization of damages in pipes were developed using the Fourier transform method. These were simulated with the results showing a good agreement between the shapes and magnitudes of the measured original and reconstructed pulses. The simulation was verified with experiments on the test rig. The results showed an underestimation in the magnitudes of the reconstructed pulses in the range of 40 – 45 %. This problem was solved by using a factor K obtained by dividing the maximum amplitude value of the original pressure pulse by that of the reconstructed pulse. Reconstruction of the measured original pulse at a damage location was achieved from combining the measured pulses from two other close locations using the developed Fourier transform based model. Keywords: Damage Pipeline-monitoring Characterization Fourier transform Reconstruction

scholarly journals Coal Mining Institution in Private Forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willyam Buli ◽  
Samsul Bakri ◽  
Indra Gumay Febryano
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Mining Coal ◽  
The Impact

Unlicensed Mining (PETI) conducted by community groups in private forest area is rife in Muara Enim district which causing environmental degradation. The purpose of this study is to find out the institutional forms associated with illegal coal mining activities. The study used a qualitative approach that illustrated how unlicensed mining (PETI) still able to operate despite violating the law. The result of this study indicates the existing formal institutions did not run so well which lead to the creation of non-formal institutions who permits illegal activities. There are few technical requirements that PETI could not provide if they were legalized to be public mining. Good coordination and teamwork between government and law enforcers along with mining corporation are desirable to control the development of PETI and the impact it brings, especially in private forest.Keywords: private forest, institution, environmental damage, unlicensed mining, coal mining

Prediction of Developing Turbulent Flow in a 90° Curved Duct Using Linear and Nonlinear Low-Re k-ε Models

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Raisee ◽  
H. Alemi ◽  
H. Iacovides
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Flow Development ◽  
Curved Section

This paper reports the outcome of applying two different low-Re number eddy-viscosity models to resolve the complex three-dimensional motion that arises in turbulent flow in a square cross-section duct passing around a 90° bend. Flow computations have been obtained using a three-dimensional, non-orthogonal flow solver. For modeling of turbulence, the Launder and Sharma low-Re k–ε model and a recently modified version of nonlinear low-Re k–ε model that have been shown to be suitable for flow and thermal predictions in re-circulating and impinging jet flows, have been employed. A bounded version of the QUICK scheme was used for the approximation of convection in all transport equations. The numerical predictions are validated through comparisons with the reported flow measurements and are used to explain how the curvature influences the flow development. The results of the present investigation indicate that the curvature induces a strong secondary flow in the curved section of the duct. The secondary motion also persists downstream of the bend, although it slowly disappears with the main stream development. At the entrance of the curved section, the curvature alters the flow development by displacing the fluid towards the convex (inner) wall. Comparisons of the predicted stream-wise and cross-stream velocity components with the measured data indicate that both turbulence models employed in the present study can produce reasonable predictions, although the non-linear model predictions are generally closer to the measurements. Both turbulence models successfully reproduce the distribution as well as the levels of the local pressure coefficient in the curved section of the duct.

scholarly journals Reasoning Criminal – Implikasi Limbah Hasil Operasional Kapal Terhadap Ekosistem Laut di Selat Malaka

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua ◽  
Bryan Libertho Karyoprawiro
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Straits Of Malacca ◽  
Malacca Strait

The Malacca Strait, which has always been the most strategic world trade route. The majority of foreign vessels crossing the Malacca Strait transit at the Port of Singapore. The potential of environmental pollution in the Malacca Strait area is also very large, especially the pollution from vessel waste resulting from the operational activities of vessels in the form of liquid waste and garbage dumped in vain and the washing of vessels illegally. The operational activities of foreign ships in violation of international treaties and Indonesian law often occur in Indonesian coastal areas. Indonesian waters were victims of foreign vessels who carried out illegal activities in order to reduce operational costs and avoid sanctions from the port authorities and the Singapore's sincerity which required that every vessel to be anchored in Singapore's port was clean from waste. Regulations made by the Singapore Government encourage illegal ship laundering and waste disposal in the Straits of Malacca. The supervision of severe penalties against each vessel that crosses and violates the rules, and the establishment of a special zone of vessel cleaning in the Straits of Malacca can reduce environmental damage. This research uses qualitative methods using rational choice and institutional approach in environmental view to see how environmental problems caused by vessel waste occurred and cause cross border problems threatening ecosystem in the Straits of Malacca, especially the Indonesian water area. Data used in the form of qualitative data are collected through document studies, interviews, document analysis, focused discussions, and observations made.  

Technical/Technological Advances for Optimizing Heat Rate

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komandur Sunder Raj
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Underlying Causes

Heat rate in a power plant cycle is a calculated value expressed as the ratio of the amount of heat supplied to the cycle divided by the amount of power that is generated. It is directly affected by the heat source and associated auxiliaries, the prime mover, the regenerative feedwater heating cycle and, the heat sink. Heat rate computations also suffer from imprecision/time lags associated with fuel flow measurements, difficulties/uncertainties in determination of the actual amount of heat supplied to the power plant cycle and, measurement of the power that is generated. Consequently, many power plant owners and operators have reservations as to the intrinsic value of heat rate as a performance metric, since detailed analysis and evaluation of the underlying causes and issues are essential to account for deviations from predicted or expected values. Several innovations and advances have paved the way for real-time monitoring, trending, analyzing, evaluating, diagnosing and optimizing power generating asset performance. Using a coal-fired unit as a representative case study, this paper provides an overview of how technical/technological advances in optimizing power generating asset performance facilitate concomitant optimization of heat rate.

Ambulatory Activity Monitoring

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes B.J. Bussmann ◽  
Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer ◽  
Jochen Fahrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Ambulatory Activity ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Objectively Measured

Behavior is central to psychology in almost any definition. Although observable activity is a core aspect of behavior, assessment strategies have tended to focus on emotional, cognitive, or physiological responses. When physical activity is assessed, it is done so mostly with questionnaires. Converging evidence of only a moderate association between self-reports of physical activity and objectively measured physical activity does raise questions about the validity of these self-reports. Ambulatory activity monitoring, defined as the measurement strategy to assess physical activity, posture, and movement patterns continuously in everyday life, has made major advances over the last decade and has considerable potential for further application in the assessment of observable activity, a core aspect of behavior. With new piezoresistive sensors and advanced computer algorithms, the objective measurement of physical activity, posture, and movement is much more easily achieved and measurement precision has improved tremendously. With this overview, we introduce to the reader some recent developments in ambulatory activity monitoring. We will elucidate the discrepancies between objective and subjective reports of activity, outline recent methodological developments, and offer the reader a framework for developing insight into the state of the art in ambulatory activity-monitoring technology, discuss methodological aspects of time-based design and psychometric properties, and demonstrate recent applications. Although not yet main stream, ambulatory activity monitoring – especially in combination with the simultaneous assessment of emotions, mood, or physiological variables – provides a comprehensive methodology for psychology because of its suitability for explaining behavior in context.

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