Anomaly detection for the individual analysis of brain PET images

A cross: sectional survey on schistosomiasis was done in Comercinho (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), a town with 1474 inhabitants. Stool (Kato-Katz method) and physical examinations were done on 90% of the population and on 84% of the individuals over 2 years of age, respectively. The ecological and individual (case-control) analysis were used to investigate the relation between splenomegaly and S. mansoni egg counts in different age groups. In the ecological analysis there was a clearly correspondence between higher geometric mean of eggs and higher percentage of splenomegaly in the age groups 5-9 and 10-12 years. In the individual analysis it was found that only in the youngest individuals (5-8 or 5-9 years old) the splenomegaly was related with higher mean egg counts in the feces, having been a tendency to the decrease of excretion of eggs in patients with splenomegaly as the age increased. These results strongly suggest that the ecological data are' better indicator of the severity of schistosomiasis in endemic areas, as the decrease of the egg excretion in patients with splenomegaly may be a confounding variable for the individual analysis.

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Determinants of corporate effective tax rates: evidence from the euro area

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración ◽

10.1108/arla-12-2019-0238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3/4) ◽

pp. 427-444

Author(s):

Antonio Barbera ◽

Paloma Merello ◽

Rafael Molina

Keyword(s):

Euro Area ◽

Listed Companies ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Effective Tax Rates ◽

Content Type ◽

Individual Analysis ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

Generalized Moments ◽

Positive Effect

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the determinants of corporate effective tax rates (ETR) of listed companies in euro area.Design/methodology/approachWith a large and recent panel of 2,870 listed companies for the period 2005–2016, the authors use the generalized moments method (GMM) to estimate global models for three groups of countries and specific models for six selected countries: Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Belgium and Greece.FindingsThe results confirm that ETR have different determinants depending on the countries analyzed. There is a significantly positive relationship with leverage and negative with size and financial profitability. However, economic profitability shows a statistically positive effect in the new members, but negative effect on old ones. In the individual analysis, Germany and Spain maintain this negative association with return on assets (ROA), but Belgium and Greece show a positive effect. The effect of the economic cycle shows statistically relevant, negatively in Germany but positively in Belgium and Greece.Originality/valueThis paper makes a novel contribution to the current debate on the need for harmonization of corporate income tax in the European Union (EU). For the first time, the group of countries whose common currency is the euro is considered with a great level of detail. In addition, the impact derived from the enlargement of the euro area and the individual analysis of the main countries is included. The European authorities must take into account the specific differences found in the ETR determinants because it hinders to take measures that limit tax competition.

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Development of an Ultrasensitive Dual-Channel Flow Cytometer for the Individual Analysis of Nanosized Particles and Biomolecules

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac802464a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 81 (7) ◽

pp. 2555-2563 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Lingling Yang ◽

Shaobin Zhu ◽

Wei Hang ◽

Lina Wu ◽

Xiaomei Yan

Keyword(s):

Channel Flow ◽

Flow Cytometer ◽

Nanosized Particles ◽

Individual Analysis ◽

Dual Channel ◽

The Individual

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Pooling samples within microarray studies: a comparative analysis of rat liver transcription response to prototypical toxicants

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00260.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 346-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Robert A. Jolly ◽

Keith M. Goldstein ◽

Tao Wei ◽

Hong Gao ◽

Peining Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Time Course ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Transcript Expression ◽

Individual Animal ◽

Clustering Methods ◽

Individual Analysis ◽

Transcript Profiles ◽

The Individual

Combining or pooling individual samples when carrying out transcript profiling using microarrays is a fairly common means to reduce both the cost and complexity of data analysis. However, pooling does not allow for statistical comparison of changes between samples and can result in a loss of information. Because a rigorous comparison of the identified expression changes from the two approaches has not been reported, we compared the results for hepatic transcript profiles from pooled vs. individual samples. Hepatic transcript profiles from a single-dose time-course rat study in response to the prototypical toxicants clofibrate, diethylhexylphthalate, and valproic acid were evaluated. Approximately 50% more transcript expression changes were observed in the individual (statistical) analysis compared with the pooled analysis. While the majority of these changes were less than twofold in magnitude (∼80%), a substantial number were greater than twofold (∼20%). Transcript changes unique to the individual analysis were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, while all the changes unique to the pooled analysis did not confirm. The individual analysis identified more hits per biological pathway than the pooled approach. Many of the transcripts identified by the individual analysis were novel findings and may contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of these compounds. Furthermore, having individual animal data provided the opportunity to correlate changes in transcript expression to phenotypes (i.e., histology) observed in toxicology studies. The two approaches were similar when clustering methods were used despite the large difference in the absolute number of transcripts changed. In summary, pooling reduced resource requirements substantially, but the individual approach enabled statistical analysis that identified more gene expression changes to evaluate mechanisms of toxicity. An individual animal approach becomes more valuable when the overall expression response is subtle and/or when associating expression data to variable phenotypic responses.

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Emerging 4th Generation Analytical Technology for the Individual Analysis of Multiple Families of Co-mingled Scale Inhibitors in Deepwater Wells

10.2118/155171-ms ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alan K. Thompson ◽

Stephen Mark Heath ◽

Bjorn Juliussen ◽

Thomas Gundersen ◽

Alf Terje Andresen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Analysis ◽

The Individual ◽

Analytical Technology

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Análisis de la política de motivación desde una perspectiva de género

WPOM - Working Papers on Operations Management ◽

10.4995/wpom.14769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Ana Paula Moreno Cervera ◽

Lourdes Canós Darós ◽

Ester Guijarro

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

Business Management ◽

Motivational Factors ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Motivating Factors ◽

Gender Perspective ◽

Individual Analysis ◽

The Individual ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

The main objective of this paper is to present a method to analyze the motivational policy based on a gender perspective. To do this, we carry out the study of the motivating factors with the greatest presence in the company and the individual analysis of each one of them. We continue with their assessment based on the importance they have for each worker in their job position, using an adequacy coefficient as a measurement tool, comparing this assessment with the ideal of the company. We continue to show different results depending on the level of assessment of the motivational factors and comparing the answers according to the age, gender, etc., of the employees. From the analysis we observe that there are differences in the selection of factors and in the valuation of some of the choosen factors according to the gender of the employees.We conclude by presenting the implications that these results have for business management, highlighting the applicability of the method to any organization by using ad hoc designs.

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A Survey on Anomalous Topic Discovery in High Dimensional Data

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrset196148 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 188-194

Keyword(s):

Anomaly Detection ◽

High Dimensional Data ◽

High Dimensional ◽

Small Scale ◽

Topic Discovery ◽

Detection Strategy ◽

Discrete Information ◽

Special Cases ◽

The Individual ◽

Investigation Strategy

Generally, finding of an unusual information i.e. anomalies from discrete information leads towards the better comprehension of atypical conduct of patterns and to recognize the base of anomalies. Anomalies can be characterized as the patterns that don't have ordinary conduct. It is likewise called as anomaly detection. Anomaly detection procedures are for the most part utilized for misrepresentation detection in charge cards, bank extortion; organize interruption and so on. It can be eluded as, oddities, deviation, special cases or exception. Such sort of patterns can't be seen to the diagnostic meaning of an exception, as uncommon question till it has been incorporated legitimately. A bunch investigation strategy is utilized to recognize small scale clusters shaped by these anomalies. In this paper, we show different techniques existed for recognizing anomalies from datasets which just distinguishes the individual anomalies. Issue with singular anomaly detection strategy that identifies anomalies utilizing the whole highlights commonly neglect to identify such anomalies. A strategy to recognize bunch of anomalous information join show atypical area of a little subset of highlights. This technique utilizes an invalid model to for commonplace topic and after that different test to identify all clusters of strange patterns.

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La traducción de anuncios multilingües: un reto para el traductor del siglo XXI

Babel ◽

10.1075/babel.57.2.04gar ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 185-203

Author(s):

María José García Vizcaíno

Keyword(s):

Speech Act ◽

Code Switching ◽

Point Of View ◽

Main Function ◽

Source Text ◽

Individual Analysis ◽

The Individual

This article aims to present multilingual advertising from the point of view of translation. In particular, I will focus on the case of the Spanish airline Vueling whose signature feature is the mixture of languages in its advertising campaigns. The method of analysis used in this study will be the pragmalinguistic model used by Hickey (1999) in the translation of humorous texts since humor is the main function of Vueling advertisements. This model is based upon the individual analysis of each one of the three elements in the speech act (locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary) of the source text in order to render a translation triggering the same effects on the target reader as the ones provoked on the source reader. This method of analysis will be applied to several examples of ads as well as their translations into English. The main conclusions of this study show the importance of stylistic equivalence in this type of translations—sometimes over semantic and pragmatic equivalences—since it is precisely the code-switching feature and the formal contrast that produces on the reader what creates the comical effect so characteristic of these campaigns.

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Unsupervised Anomaly Detectors to Detect Intrusions in the Current Threat Landscape

ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science ◽

10.1145/3441140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Tommaso Zoppi ◽

Andrea Ceccarelli ◽

Tommaso Capecchi ◽

Andrea Bondavalli

Keyword(s):

Intrusion Detection ◽

Anomaly Detection ◽

Binary Classification ◽

Clustering Algorithms ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Experimental Comparison ◽

Support Vector ◽

Self Organizing Maps ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Individual

Anomaly detection aims at identifying unexpected fluctuations in the expected behavior of a given system. It is acknowledged as a reliable answer to the identification of zero-day attacks to such extent, several ML algorithms that suit for binary classification have been proposed throughout years. However, the experimental comparison of a wide pool of unsupervised algorithms for anomaly-based intrusion detection against a comprehensive set of attacks datasets was not investigated yet. To fill such gap, we exercise 17 unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms on 11 attack datasets. Results allow elaborating on a wide range of arguments, from the behavior of the individual algorithm to the suitability of the datasets to anomaly detection. We conclude that algorithms as Isolation Forests, One-Class Support Vector Machines, and Self-Organizing Maps are more effective than their counterparts for intrusion detection, while clustering algorithms represent a good alternative due to their low computational complexity. Further, we detail how attacks with unstable, distributed, or non-repeatable behavior such as Fuzzing, Worms, and Botnets are more difficult to detect. Ultimately, we digress on capabilities of algorithms in detecting anomalies generated by a wide pool of unknown attacks, showing that achieved metric scores do not vary with respect to identifying single attacks.

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Measuring local-directional resolution and local anisotropy in cryo-EM maps

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-019-13742-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jose Luis Vilas ◽

Hemant D. Tagare ◽

Javier Vargas ◽

Jose Maria Carazo ◽

Carlos Oscar S. Sorzano

Keyword(s):

Local Anisotropy ◽

Individual Analysis ◽

Fully Automatic ◽

Detailed Level ◽

The Individual ◽

Level Of Analysis

AbstractThe introduction of local resolution has enormously helped the understanding of cryo-EM maps. Still, for any given pixel it is a global, aggregated value, that makes impossible the individual analysis of the contribution of the different projection directions. We introduce MonoDir, a fully automatic, parameter-free method that, starting only from the final cryo-EM map, decomposes local resolution into the different projection directions, providing a detailed level of analysis of the final map. Many applications of directional local resolution are possible, and we concentrate here on map quality and validation.

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