MO-FG-BRA-02: Modulation of Clinical Orthovoltage X-Ray Spectrum Further Enhances Radiosensitization of Cancer Cells Targeted with Gold Nanoparticles

(1) Background: Chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles (CH-AuNPs) have important theranostic applications in biomedical sciences, including cancer research. However, although cell cytotoxicity has been studied in cancerous cells, little is known about their effect in proliferating primary leukocytes. Here, we assessed the effect of CH-AuNPs and the implication of ROS on non-cancerous endothelial and fibroblast cell lines and in proliferative lymphoid cells. (2) Methods: The Turkevich method was used to synthetize gold nanoparticles. We tested cell viability, cell death, ROS production, and cell cycle in primary lymphoid cells, compared with non-cancer and cancer cell lines. Concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to induce proliferation on lymphoid cells. (3) Results: CH-AuNPs presented high cytotoxicity and ROS production against cancer cells compared to non-cancer cells; they also induced a different pattern of ROS production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). No significant cell-death difference was found in PBMCs, splenic mononuclear cells, and bone marrow cells (BMC) with or without a proliferative stimuli. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, our results highlight the selectivity of CH-AuNPs to cancer cells, discarding a consistent cytotoxicity upon proliferative cells including endothelial, fibroblast, and lymphoid cells, and suggest their application in cancer treatment without affecting immune cells.

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Differential Effects of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionizing Radiation on Cell Motility between Primary Human Colonic and Melanocytic Cells and Their Cancerous Counterparts

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1418

Author(s):

Elham Shahhoseini ◽

Masao Nakayama ◽

Terrence J. Piva ◽

Moshi Geso

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽

X Rays ◽

Cell Adherence ◽

Cancerous Cell ◽

Primary Colon ◽

Radiation Induced

This study examined the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and/or ionizing radiation (IR) on the viability and motility of human primary colon epithelial (CCD841) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW48) cells as well as human primary epidermal melanocytes (HEM) and melanoma (MM418-C1) cells. AuNPs up to 4 mM had no effect on the viability of these cell lines. The viability of the cancer cells was ~60% following exposure to 5 Gy. Exposure to 5 Gy X-rays or 1 mM AuNPs showed the migration of the cancer cells ~85% that of untreated controls, while co-treatment with AuNPs and IR decreased migration to ~60%. In the non-cancerous cell lines gap closure was enhanced by ~15% following 1 mM AuNPs or 5 Gy treatment, while for co-treatment it was ~22% greater than that for the untreated controls. AuNPs had no effect on cell re-adhesion, while IR enhanced only the re-adhesion of the cancer cell lines but not their non-cancerous counterparts. The addition of AuNPs did not enhance cell adherence. This different reaction to AuNPs and IR in the cancer and normal cells can be attributed to radiation-induced adhesiveness and metabolic differences between tumour cells and their non-cancerous counterparts.

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Gold nanoparticles conjugated with anti-CD133 monoclonal antibody and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapeutic agent as nanocarriers for cancer cell targeting

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra01093j ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (26) ◽

pp. 16131-16141

Author(s):

Manali Haniti Mohd-Zahid ◽

Siti Nadiah Zulkifli ◽

Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah ◽

JitKang Lim ◽

Sharida Fakurazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽

Cell Targeting ◽

Specific Targeting ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Cell Targeting

5-FU-PEGylated AuNPs-CD133 is designed to improve specific targeting of 5-FU against colorectal cancer cells which abundantly express CD133.

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Isoselenocyanates: Synthesis and Their Use for Preparing Selenium-Based Heterocycles

Synthesis ◽

10.1055/a-1370-2046 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefan H. Bossmann ◽

Raul Neri

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Multicomponent Reactions ◽

Oxidative Cyclization ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Organoselenium Compounds ◽

X Ray ◽

Synthetic Work

AbstractIsoselenocyanates (ISCs) are a class of organoselenium compounds that have been recognized as potential chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative agents against cancer(s) and infectious diseases. ISC compounds are chemically analogous to their isosteric relatives, isothiocyanates (ITCs); however, they possess increased biological activity, such as enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells. ISCs not only serve as significant products, but also as precursors and essential intermediates for a variety of organoselenium compounds, such as selenium-containing heterocycles, which are biologically active. While syntheses of ISCs have become less difficult to accomplish, the syntheses of selenium-containing heterocycles are often difficult due to the use of highly toxic selenium reagents. Because of this, ISCs can serve as versatile reagents for the preparation of these heterocycles. In this review, the classical and recent syntheses of ISCs will be discussed, along with notable and recent synthetic work employing ISCs to access novel selenium-containing heterocycles.1 Introduction1.1 Selenium and Health2 Isoselenocyanates2.1 Preparation of Isoselenocyanates3 Selenium-Containing Heterocycles3.1 Notable Synthetic Work3.2 Recent Synthetic Work3.2.1 Synthesis of N-(3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3H-selenazol-2-ylidene)benzamide Derivatives3.2.2 Synthesis and X-ray Studies of Diverse Selenourea Derivatives3.2.3 Synthesis of Heteroarene-Fused [1,2,4]Thiadiazoles/Selenadiazoles via Iodine-Promoted [3+2] Oxidative Cyclization3.2.4 2-Amino-1,3-selenazole Derivatives via Base-Promoted Multicomponent Reactions4 Conclusion

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X-ray Fluorescence Uptake Measurement of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Cell Microsamples

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3691

Author(s):

Oliver Schmutzler ◽

Sebastian Graf ◽

Nils Behm ◽

Wael Y. Mansour ◽

Florian Blumendorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Nanoparticle Uptake ◽

X Ray ◽

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Uptake Measurement ◽

Prostate Tumor Cells ◽

Non Destructive

Quantitative cellular in vitro nanoparticle uptake measurements are possible with a large number of different techniques, however, all have their respective restrictions. Here, we demonstrate the application of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) on prostate tumor cells, which have internalized differently functionalized gold nanoparticles. Total nanoparticle uptake on the order of a few hundred picograms could be conveniently observed with microsamples consisting of only a few hundreds of cells. A comparison with mass spectroscopy quantification is provided, experimental results are both supported and sensitivity limits of this XFI approach extrapolated by Monte-Carlo simulations, yielding a minimum detectable nanoparticle mass of just 5 pg. This study demonstrates the high sensitivity level of XFI, allowing non-destructive uptake measurements with very small microsamples within just seconds of irradiation time.

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Adhesion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells under Fluorescent and Soft X-ray Contact Microscopy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7279

Author(s):

Paulina Natalia Osuchowska ◽

Przemysław Wachulak ◽

Wiktoria Kasprzycka ◽

Agata Nowak-Stępniowska ◽

Maciej Wakuła ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Cell Imaging ◽

Triple Negative ◽

The Other ◽

Promising Technique ◽

X Ray ◽

Microscopy Technique ◽

Cancer Cell Adhesion

Understanding cancer cell adhesion could help to diminish tumor progression and metastasis. Adhesion mechanisms are currently the main therapeutic target of TNBC-resistant cells. This work shows the distribution and size of adhesive complexes determined with a common fluorescence microscopy technique and soft X-ray contact microscopy (SXCM). The results presented here demonstrate the potential of applying SXCM for imaging cell protrusions with high resolution when the cells are still alive in a physiological buffer. The possibility to observe the internal components of cells at a pristine and hydrated state with nanometer resolution distinguishes SXCM from the other more commonly used techniques for cell imaging. Thus, SXCM can be a promising technique for investigating the adhesion and organization of the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells.

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