Treadmill Exercise’s Reduction of Agouti-Related Protein Expression in Rat Liver

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki ◽  
Rozita Fathi ◽  
Sayed Alireza Hossaini Kakhak ◽  
Zhara Farshidi ◽  
Sara Barmaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Orexigenic Peptide ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is an orexigenic peptide secreted from the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. AGRP increases food intake and plays a role in energy balance, adiposity, weight gain, and growth-hormone release. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of running exercise on resting hepatic, fundus, and pancreas AGRP mRNA expression, as well as liver glycogen and ATP contents, using a rat model. Twenty adult male Wistar rats (12–14 wk old, 200–220 g) were randomly assigned to control (n = 10) and training (n = 10) groups. The training group was exercised for 8 wk on a motor-driven treadmill (26 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min, 5 d/wk). Twenty-four hours before sacrifice the rats were further divided into fed control (FEC), fed trained (FET), fasted control (FAC), and fasted trained (FAT) groups. The liver, fundus, and pancreas were excised and frozen in liquid nitrogen for later analysis. Results demonstrated that 8 wk of treadmill exercise reduced hepatic but not fundus and pancreatic AGRP expression and enhanced glycogen and ATP concentrations (p < .001) in trained-rat liver, whereas fasting lowered liver glycogen and ATP levels and increased hepatic AGRP mRNA expression in nonexercising controls. Data indicate that both treadmill-exercise-induced decrease and fast-induced increase in rat liver AGRP expression might depend on liver glycogen content as an important source for energy provision.

scholarly journals Neither Agouti-Related Protein nor Neuropeptide Y Is Critically Required for the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis in Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 5027-5035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Qian ◽  
Howard Chen ◽  
Drew Weingarth ◽  
Myrna E. Trumbauer ◽  
Dawn E. Novi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Orexigenic Peptide ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

ABSTRACT Agouti-related protein (AgRP), a neuropeptide abundantly expressed in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, potently stimulates feeding and body weight gain in rodents. AgRP is believed to exert its effects through the blockade of signaling by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone at central nervous system (CNS) melanocortin-3 receptor (Mc3r) and Mc4r. We generated AgRP-deficient (Agrp−/− ) mice to examine the physiological role of AgRP. Agrp−/− mice are viable and exhibit normal locomotor activity, growth rates, body composition, and food intake. Additionally, Agrp−/− mice display normal responses to starvation, diet-induced obesity, and the administration of exogenous leptin or neuropeptide Y (NPY). In situ hybridization failed to detect altered CNS expression levels for proopiomelanocortin, Mc3r, Mc4r, or NPY mRNAs in Agrp−/− mice. As AgRP and the orexigenic peptide NPY are coexpressed in neurons of the arcuate nucleus, we generated AgRP and NPY double-knockout (Agrp−/− ;Npy−/− ) mice to determine whether NPY or AgRP plays a compensatory role in Agrp−/− or NPY-deficient (Npy−/− ) mice, respectively. Similarly to mice deficient in either AgRP or NPY, Agrp−/− ;Npy−/− mice suffer no obvious feeding or body weight deficits and maintain a normal response to starvation. Our results demonstrate that neither AgRP nor NPY is a critically required orexigenic factor, suggesting that other pathways capable of regulating energy homeostasis can compensate for the loss of both AgRP and NPY.

scholarly journals Anorexigenic and Orexigenic Hormone Modulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activity and the Regulation of Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein mRNA Expression

Neurosignals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Watterson ◽  
Dawn Bestow ◽  
Jennifer Gallagher ◽  
D. Lee Hamilton ◽  
Fiona B. Ashford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Hormone Modulation ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

The role of photoperiod on the expression of hypothalamic genes regulating appetite in Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri)

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Jinhong Cai ◽  
Chunmei Huang ◽  
Zhengkun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

The hypothalamus and leptin play a key role in the regulation of food intake. The present study investigated the effects of 4 weeks of short- or long-photoperiod on serum leptin levels and food intake in relation to mRNA expression levels of neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, pro-opiomelanocortin, and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the hypothalamus of Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri). There was a significant difference in body fat mass, food intake and neuropeptide Y mRNA expression between the two groups, but serum leptin level, agouti-related protein, pro-opiomelanocortin, and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA expression in the hypothalamus were not difference between the two groups. The elevation of neuropeptide Y mRNA regulated neuropeptides in the hypothalamus suggests a physiological role of neuroendocrine factors in food intake during the different photoperiod. We conclude that leptin may be involved in energy balance and body mass regulation.

Hyperleptinemia in Ay/a mice upregulates arcuate cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript expression

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. E967-E973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Tsuruta ◽  
Hironobu Yoshimatsu ◽  
Shuji Hidaka ◽  
Seiya Kondou ◽  
Kenjiro Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

The effects of leptin on cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of obese Ay/a mice were investigated. CART mRNA expression was upregulated by 41% and AGRP mRNA downregulated by 78% in hyperleptinemic Ay/a mice relative to levels in lean a/a mice. The mRNA expression of these neuropeptides in either young nonobese Ay/a mice or rats treated with SHU-9119, a synthetic melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) antagonist, did not differ significantly from that in the corresponding controls. After a 72-h fast, which decreased the concentration of serum leptin, CART and AGRP mRNA expression decreased and increased, respectively, in Ay/a mice. The expression levels of these neuropeptides in leptin-deficient Ay/a ob/ob double mutants were comparable to those in a/a ob/ob mice. Leptin thus modulates both CART and AGRP mRNA expression in obese Ay/amice, whereas leptin signals are blocked at the MCR4R level. Taken together, the present findings indicate that differential expression of these neuropeptides in Ay/a and ob/obmice results in dissimilar progression toward obesity.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic NPY and Agouti-Related Protein Are Increased in Human Illness But Not in Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Obese Subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 927-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Goldstone ◽  
Unga A. Unmehopa ◽  
Stephen R. Bloom ◽  
Dick F. Swaab
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

Animal studies have demonstrated the importance of orexigenic NPY and agouti-related protein (AGRP) hypothalamic neurons, which are inhibited by the adipocyte hormone leptin, in the regulation of body weight and neuroendocrine secretion. We have examined NPY and AGRP neurons in postmortem human hypothalami from controls, Prader-Willi syndrome and other obese subjects, using quantitative immunocytochemistry (ICC) and in situ hybridization, to identify causes of leptin resistance in human obesity. Using combined ICC and in situ hybridization, AGRP, but not POMC, was colocalized with NPY in infundibular nucleus neurons. Infundibular nucleus (including median eminence) NPY ICC staining or mRNA expression, and AGRP ICC staining, increased with premorbid illness duration. NPY ICC staining and mRNA expression were reduced in obese subjects, but AGRP ICC staining was unchanged, correcting for illness duration. This suggests normal responses of NPY and AGRP neurons to peripheral signals, such as leptin and insulin, in human illness and obesity. The pathophysiology of obesity and illness-associated anorexia appear to lie in downstream or separate neuronal circuits, but the infundibular neurons may mediate neuroendocrine responses to illness. The implications for pharmacological treatment of human obesity are discussed.

Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation and Exercise Training on Erythrocyte Antioxidant Enzymes

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsh ◽  
Laursen ◽  
Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Erythrocytes transport oxygen to tissues and exercise-induced oxidative stress increases erythrocyte damage and turnover. Increased use of antioxidant supplements may alter protective erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms during training. Aim of study: To examine the effects of antioxidant supplementation (α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol) and/or endurance training on the antioxidant defenses of erythrocytes. Methods: Young male Wistar rats were assigned to (1) sedentary; (2) sedentary and antioxidant-supplemented; (3) endurance-trained; or (4) endurance-trained and antioxidant-supplemented groups for 14 weeks. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activities, and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were then measured. Results: Antioxidant supplementation had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on activities of antioxidant enzymes in sedentary animals. Similarly, endurance training alone also had no effect (p > 0.05). GPX (125.9 ± 2.8 vs. 121.5 ± 3.0 U.gHb–1, p < 0.05) and CAT (6.1 ± 0.2 vs. 5.6 ± 0.2 U.mgHb–1, p < 0.05) activities were increased in supplemented trained animals compared to non-supplemented sedentary animals whereas SOD (61.8 ± 4.3 vs. 52.0 ± 5.2 U.mgHb–1, p < 0.05) activity was decreased. Plasma MDA was not different among groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In a rat model, the combination of exercise training and antioxidant supplementation increased antioxidant enzyme activities (GPX, CAT) compared with each individual intervention.

Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nasiri ◽  
Saja Ahmadizad ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Tayebe Zarekar ◽  
Mehdi Seydyousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber’s ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.

PTH-related protein and Type 1 PTH receptor mRNA expression in ventricular myocardial hypertrophy

Therapy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
Antony Halapas ◽  
Peter Lembessis ◽  
Antigone Sourla ◽  
Costas Pantos ◽  
Dennis V Cokkinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Myocardial Hypertrophy ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Receptor Mrna

scholarly journals A possible role of neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein and leptin receptor isoforms in hypothalamic programming by perinatal feeding in the rat

Diabetologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L�pez ◽  
L. M. Seoane ◽  
S. Tovar ◽  
M. C. Garc�a ◽  
R. Nogueiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Receptor Isoforms ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

scholarly journals The Effect of Chronic Iloperidone Treatment on Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activity in the Rat Liver: Involvement of Neuroendocrine Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8447
Author(s):  
Przemysław J. Danek ◽  
Wojciech Kuban ◽  
Władysława A. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Cyp Enzymes ◽  
P450 Expression ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Expression And Activity

In order to achieve a desired therapeutic effect in schizophrenia patients and to maintain their mental wellbeing, pharmacological therapy needs to be continued for a long time, usually from the onset of symptoms and for the rest of the patients’ lives. The aim of our present research is to find out the in vivo effect of chronic treatment with atypical neuroleptic iloperidone on the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in rat liver. Male Wistar rats received a once-daily intraperitoneal injection of iloperidone (1 mg/kg) for a period of two weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, livers were excised to study cytochrome P450 expression (mRNA and protein) and activity, pituitaries were isolated to determine growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), and blood was collected for measuring serum concentrations of hormones and interleukin. The results showed a broad spectrum of changes in the expression and activity of liver CYP enzymes, which are important for drug metabolism (CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, and CYP3A) and xenobiotic toxicity (CYP2E1). Iloperidone decreased the expression and activity of CYP1A2, CP2B1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP3A1/2 enzymes but increased that of CYP2E1. The CYP2C6 enzyme remained unchanged. At the same time, the level of GHRH, GH, and corticosterone decreased while that of T3 increased, with no changes in IL-2 and IL-6. The presented results indicate neuroendocrine regulation of the investigated CYP enzymes during chronic iloperidone treatment and suggest a possibility of pharmacokinetic/metabolic interactions produced by the neuroleptic during prolonged combined treatment with drugs that are substrates of iloperidone-affected CYP enzymes.

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