Impairment of Sprint Mechanical Properties in an Actual Soccer Match: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu Nagahara ◽  
Jean-Benoit Morin ◽  
Masaaki Koido
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Before And After

Purpose:To assess soccer-specific impairment of mechanical properties in accelerated sprinting and its relation with activity profiles during an actual match.Methods:Thirteen male field players completed 4 sprint measurements, wherein running speed was obtained using a laser distance-measurement system, before and after the 2 halves of 2 soccer matches. Macroscopic mechanical properties (theoretical maximal horizontal force [F0], maximal horizontal sprinting power [Pmax], and theoretical maximal sprinting velocity [V0]) during the 35-m sprint acceleration were calculated from speed–time data. Players’ activity profiles during the matches were collected using global positioning system units.Results:After the match, although F0 and Pmax did not significantly change, V0 was reduced (P = .038), and the magnitude of this reduction correlated with distance (positive) and number (negative) of high-speed running, number of running (negative), and other low-intensity activity distance (negative) during the match. Moreover, Pmax decreased immediately before the second half (P = .014).Conclusions:The results suggest that soccer-specific fatigue probably impairs players’ maximal velocity capabilities more than their maximal horizontal force-production abilities at initial acceleration. Furthermore, long-distance running, especially at high speed, during the match may induce relatively large impairment of maximal velocity capabilities. In addition, the capability of producing maximal horizontal power during sprinting is presumably impaired during halftime of a soccer match with passive recovery. These findings could be useful for players and coaches aiming to train effectively to maintain sprinting performance throughout a soccer match when planning a training program.

Force–Velocity–Power Profile in High-Elite Boulder, Lead, and Speed Climber Competitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1012-1018
Author(s):  
Guillaume Levernier ◽  
Pierre Samozino ◽  
Guillaume Laffaye
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Power Profile ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: To compare the force-production capacities among boulderers, lead climbers, and speed climbers during a pull-up test using a force–velocity–power profile. Methods: In total, 24 high-elite climbers (11 boulderers, 8 lead climbers, and 5 speed climbers) did 2 pull-ups at different percentages of their body mass (0%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 70%). Force–velocity–power profile analyses were performed with the use of an accelerometer for each load. The intraclass correlation and coefficients of variation were calculated. A 1-way analysis of variance was performed with a Tukey post hoc test to assess the difference between the groups. Results: Regarding force, the coefficient of variation ranged from 1.00% to 6.18% and the intraclass correlation ranged from .98 to .99. For velocity, the coefficient of variation ranged from 2.75% to 6.62% and the intraclass correlation ranged from .84 to .95. The linear regression slope showed R2 to be between .93 and .99, confirming the high quality of the linear relationship between velocity and the external force produced during a pull-up. Boulderers presented significantly higher (P < .05) maximal power (+22.30% and +26.29%), mean power for the pull-up at body weight (+23.49% and +25.35%), and theoretical maximal velocity at zero force (+23.92% and +21.53%) than lead and speed climbers and a more significant curve increase (+35.21% compared with lead climbers). Conclusions: The reliability of the method was shown to be high. Moreover, boulderers were able to develop an important external force and had the capacity to maintain high speed when force production increased.

scholarly journals The use of arnica for the treatment of soft-tissue damage

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bauer ◽  
L. Weight ◽  
M. I. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Soft Tissue Damage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Arnica Montana ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tissue Trauma

There is growing anecdotal evidence of the use of homeopathy among sports participants. Arnica Montana [also known as Leopard ’s Bane] is frequently used as a prophylactic agent both before and after long distance running in the belief that it reduces delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS]. There is equivocal evidence of its efficacy. The lack of convincing scientific proof is a major reason for homeopathy not being embraced by the medical community. The aim of this review is to discuss the principles of homeopathy in general, followed by a more detailed analysis of the use of arnica in the treatment of soft tissue trauma. Clinical trials published since 1982 were identified using the Medline database. Based on these data it was concluded that there is no overwhelming evidence that treatment with a homeopathic remedy, specifically Arnica Montana, consistently reduces the severity of, or the rate of, healing of soft tissue damage.

Metabolic changes following eccentric exercise in trained and untrained men

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1864-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Evans ◽  
C. N. Meredith ◽  
J. G. Cannon ◽  
C. A. Dinarello ◽  
W. R. Frontera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase

The effects of one 45-min bout of high-intensity eccentric exercise (250 W) were studied in four male runners and five untrained men. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity in these runners was higher (P less than 0.001) than in the untrained men before exercise and peaked at 207 IU/ml 1 day after exercise, whereas in untrained men the maximum was 2,143 IU/ml 5 days after exercise. Plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the trained men was also higher (P less than 0.001) than in the untrained men before exercise but did not significantly increase after exercise. In the untrained men, IL-1 was significantly elevated 3 h after exercise (P less than 0.001). In the untrained group only, 24-h urines were collected before and after exercise while the men consumed a meat-free diet. Urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine in the untrained group rose significantly from 127 mumol/g before exercise to 180 mumol/g 10 days after exercise. The results suggest that in untrained men eccentric exercise leads to a metabolic response indicative of delayed muscle damage. Regularly performed long distance running was associated with chronically elevated plasma IL-1 levels and serum CK activities without acute increases after an eccentric exercise bout.

scholarly journals Comparison of two measurement devices for obtaining horizontal force-velocity profile variables during sprint running

2022 ◽  
pp. 174795412110672
Author(s):  
Erin Feser ◽  
Kyle Lindley ◽  
Kenneth Clark ◽  
Neil Bezodis ◽  
Christian Korfist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Error ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
American Football ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Measured Velocity ◽  
Theoretical Maximum ◽  
Force Velocity

This study established the magnitude of systematic bias and random error of horizontal force-velocity (F-v) profile variables obtained from a 1080 Sprint compared to that obtained from a Stalker ATS II radar device. Twenty high-school athletes from an American football training group completed a 30 m sprint while the two devices simultaneously measured velocity-time data. The velocity-time data were modelled by an exponential equation fitting process and then used to calculate individual F-v profiles and related variables (theoretical maximum velocity, theoretical maximum horizontal force, slope of the linear F-v profile, peak power, time constant tau, and horizontal maximal velocity). The devices were compared by determining the systematic bias and the 95% limits of agreement (random error) for all variables, both of which were expressed as percentages of the mean radar value. All bias values were within 6.32%, with the 1080 Sprint reporting higher values for tau, horizontal maximal velocity, and theoretical maximum velocity. Random error was lowest for velocity-based variables but exceeded 7% for all others, with slope of the F-v profile being greatest at ±12.3%. These results provide practitioners with the information necessary to determine if the agreement between the devices and the magnitude of random error is acceptable within the context of their specific application.

Biomechanical Analysis of Long Distance Running on Different Sports Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Si Qin Shen ◽  
Yu Qi He ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Zhe Xiao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Running is one of the most accessible physical activities and long-distance running has attracted extensive attention in the past several years. While the incidence of running injuries, especially to the lower extremities, has increased. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in ground reaction forces (GRF) and kinematic param between long-distance runners before and after long-distance running on treadmill (TM), asphalt road (AR), and plastic track (PT). Eight-camera Vicon motion analysis system was used to measure the hip, knee and ankle motion param of 10 healthy male subjects at a speed of 2.8 ± 0.2m/s. The hip, knee and ankle kinematics and the relationship of joint angles of lower limbs in the sagittal plane, coronal plane and transversal plane were analyzed. Ground reaction force (GRF) was collected using an AMTI force platform. The results showed that there were no significant differences in GRF and average loading rate (VALR). There was no significant difference in the range of motion (ROM) of ankle and hip after long-distance running on three surfaces compared to pre-test. Compared with stance-period of pre-test, the stance-period of AR and PT were significantly longer. Post hoc analyses exhibited the stance-period of AR and PT were longer than TM. In conclusion, runners can adjust different joints angles to maintain a similar GRF during long-distance running on different sports surfaces.

scholarly journals The use of arnica tablets by runners in the 90 kilometer Comrades Marathon

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Bauer ◽  
Michael I. Lambert ◽  
Lindsay M. Weight
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Registration Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Road Race ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Poor Relationship

Background: Arnica is a homeopathic remedy which is sometimes used before and after long distance running in the belief that it reduces delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, the specific details of its use among athletes is not known. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the usage patterns of Arnica tablets amongst participants in the 1999 ninety-kilometer Comrades ultra-marathon road race in South Africa.Methods: Every third runner registering for the race in Pietermaritzburg in the three-day (25 hour) pre-race registration period was approached and asked to complete a questionnaire on their use of Arnica tablets (n - 785; males = 85% and females = 15%).Results: Ten percent of the total study population who agreed to participate in the study (n = 730) had used Arnica tablets in the previous six months. The average reported dose by these athletes was seven tablets per day. The most common reason for using Arnica tablets was to decrease pain or stiffness after a race or training run. Only a small group (22%) rated the efficacy of Arnica tablets as “totally effective”, suggesting that a large number of users of Arnica did not rate the efficacy highly. There was a poor relationship between the perceived efficacy after ingesting Arnica tablets and the reported dosage (r = 0.28). The majority of the respondents (63%) believed that Arnica tablets contained anti-inflammatory agents.Conclusions: While 10% of the runners used Arnica, only one fifth of these runners rated the treatment as completely effective for the prevention of DOMS. Therefore education on the advantages and disadvantages of using these tablets has become important.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND ECG BETWEEN BEFORE AND AFTER LONG DISTANCE RUNNING IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLD RUNNERS

1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
TATSURO OBARA ◽  
SHINKICHI OGAWA ◽  
KATSUMI ASANO ◽  
YOSHINORI FURUTA ◽  
TOSHIAKI FUJIMAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals The legend of plantar neuropraxia in long-distance athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
DS Kellogg ◽  
J Joslin
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurosensory Testing

Background. Legend has it that endurance athletes who develop plantar foot pain during long-distance running frequently experience an eventual relief of pain due to a transient neuropraxia brought on by continued activity.Objective. To evaluate the nature of this legend, we assessed long-distance runners for the presence of sensory deficits before and after completion of an ultramarathon, expecting to find an induced neuropraxia  and abnormal sensory results.Methods. Twenty-five adult participants of an ultramarathon were evaluated prior to their 50/100 km run and again upon completion of the race. Neurosensory testing was performed using a 10 g monofilament at 4 locations on each foot and a 128 Hz tuning fork at one location on each foot. The same techniques were used prior to, and at conclusion of the race.Results. We detected no neuropraxia or sensory deficits in any participant, despite reports by the same subjects that they had experienced the phenomenon during the race. While runners commonly report losing sensation in their feet during long runs, we were unable to demonstrate any sensory deficit with simple field-based testing.Conclusion. We believe that there is room for additional research to be performed using more sensitive means of neurosensory evaluation.

Ultrasound Comparison of the Abductor Hallucis Muscle Between Normal and Hallux Valgus Feet After Long-Distance Running: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2106-2109
Author(s):  
Yong Feng ◽  
Siqin Shen ◽  
Yang Song
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Pennation Angle ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Purpose: Previous research has indicated that the structure and function of abductor hallucis muscle (AbdH) would be adversely affected by hallux valgus (HV). However, the influence of long-distance running on AbdH in HV feet has not been explored. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to compare the imaging differences of AbdH between normal and HV feet after long-distance running. Methods: A total of 14 male adults were divided into two groups (Normal Foot Group (NFG), Hallux Valgus Group (HVG)) based on their foot morphology. A B-mode ultrasonic scanner was utilized for measuring AbdH thickness, cross-sectional area, and pennation angle before and after 5-km running test. Perceived soreness was monitored simultaneously using the visual analogue scale. Results: AbdH showed significantly differences between groups before and after the running test. Compared with NFG, HVG exhibited smaller value before the test while greater changes in all parameters although pennation angle failed to reach the significant level. Conclusions: These results further confirmed that HV could lead to the morphological alterations of AbdH. Also, AbdH of people with HV would endure more fatigue and soreness when performed the same long-distance running test with normal counterparts. Nevertheless, more studies are much needed for further verification.

Biomechanical Variations in Female Runner’s Pre and Post Treadmill Running

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wen Jing Quan ◽  
Qi Chang Mei ◽  
Yao Dong Gu ◽  
Feng Ren ◽  
Thorsten Sterzing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Analysis System

The growing popularity of endurance sports activities is associated with a growing number of running injuries among recreational runners. The aim of this study was to assess the kinematic and kinetic variation on biomechanical parameters before and after 5km of treadmill running in female runners. Fourteen habitually shod female runners were assessed during treadmill running at their self-selected 5km running speed. A VICON motion analysis system and a Novel Pedar insole plantar pressure measurement system were used to record kinematic and plantar pressure data. Key findings from the study were that the internal and external rotation angle of the ankle, hip and knee while pre-5k running showed significant differences to those evaluated post-5k. The peak values of ground reaction forces (GRF) recorded pre-5k running were larger than the forces measured post-5k running. Combining the inversion and eversion of the ankle in the coronal plane during the pushing off phase, post-5k running showed a bigger eversion angle than pre-5k running. These subtle differences may reflect adaptation of motor control in female runners during long distance running of 5km.

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