A novel approach in heart-rate-variability analysis

Heart-rate variability (HRV), measured by the fluctuation of beat-to-beat intervals, has been growingly considered the most important hallmark of heart rate (HR) time series. HRV can be characterized by various statistical measures both in the time and frequency domains, or by nonlinear methods. During the past decades, an overwhelming amount of HRV data has been piled up in the research community, but the individual results are difficult to reconcile due to the different measuring conditions and the usually HR-dependent statistical HRV-parameters applied. Moreover, the precise HR-dependence of HRV parameters is not known. Using data gathered by a wearable sensor of combined heart-rate and actigraphy modalities, here, we introduce a novel descriptor of HRV, based on a modified Poincare plot of 24-h RR-recordings. We show that there exists a regressive biexponential HRV versus HR master curve (M-curve) that is highly conserved for a healthy individual on short and medium terms (on the hours to months scale, respectively). At the same time, we reveal how this curve is related to age in the case of healthy people, and establish alterations of the M-curves of heart-attack patients. A stochastic neuron model accounting for the observed phenomena is also elaborated, in order to facilitate physiological interpretation of HRV data. Our novel evaluation procedure applied on the time series of interbeat intervals allows the description of the HRV(HR) function with unprecedented precision. To utilize the full strength of the method, we suggest a 24-hour-long registration period under natural, daily-routine circumstances (i.e., no special measuring conditions are required). By establishing a patient's M-curve, it is possible to monitor the development of his/her status over an extended period of time. On these grounds, the new method is suggested to be used as a competent tool in future HRV analyses for both clinical and training applications, as well as for everyday health promotion.

PSVII-8 Influence of different levels of metabolic energy on morpho-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken

The problem of using high-energy diets for early maturing bird crosses is insufficient enrichment of diets, both qualitative and quantitative, with microelements. The aim of the study was to study the effect of different levels of metabolic energy (ME) of diet on productivity and morpho-biochemical parameters of broiler chickens of the Arbor Aсres cross. 3 groups with different content of ME were formed (n = 30). The control group contained 12.61 MJ / kg DM, treatment I - 13.3 MJ / kg DM, treatment II - 14.7 MJ / kg DM. So, live weight of broilers from the II experimental group was higher by 59.9% after the third week of the registration period relative to the control group, and by 18.8% (P ≤ 0.001) compared with I experimental group. At the end of registration period, broilers of II group were superior to the control and I experimental groups by 27.2% and 17.5% (p≤0.01), respectively. At the same time, in the group with the maximum OE content (group II), the level of leukocytes decreased by 9.2%, and the amount of hemoglobin increased by 6.6% compared to the control. By the end of the experiment (35 days), the activity of serum transamylases decreases in experimental groups I and II: ALT activity by 39.2% and 16.7% (P ≤ 0.05); AST by 3.8% and 1.9%, respectively, compared with the control. Thus, the content of main macronutrients of blood serum in animals with the maximum level of MA of the diet (group II) decreases: Fe by 4.95%, Mg by 3.42%, P by 16.7% (P ≤ 0.05) relative to control. Thus, an increase in metabolic energy in the diet of broiler chickens has a positive effect on productivity, causing a decrease in the content of macronutrients in blood serum. The research was carried out with financial support from RSF (20-16-00078).

Near-surface structure of the Sodankylä area in Finland, obtained by passive seismic interferometry

Controlled-source seismic exploration surveys are not always possible in nature-protected areas. As an alternative, the application of passive seismic techniques in such areas can be proposed. In our study, we show results of passive seismic interferometry application for mapping the uppermost crust in the area of active mineral exploration in northern Finland. We utilize continuous seismic data acquired by the Sercel Unite wireless multichannel recording system along several profiles during XSoDEx (eXperiment of SOdankylä Deep Exploration) multidisciplinary geophysical project. The objective of XSoDEx was to obtain a structural image of the upper crust in the Sodankylä area of northern Finland in order to achieve a better understanding of the mineral system at depth. The key experiment of the project was a high-resolution seismic reflection experiment. In addition, continuous passive seismic data were acquired in parallel with reflection seismic data acquisition. Due to this, the length of passive data suitable for noise cross-correlation was limited from several hours to a couple of days. Analysis of the passive data demonstrated that dominating sources of ambient noise are non-stationary and have different origins across the XSoDEx study area. As the long data registration period and isotropic azimuthal distribution of noise sources are two major conditions for empirical Green function (EGF) extraction under the diffuse field approximation assumption, it was not possible to apply the conventional techniques of passive seismic interferometry. To find the way to obtain EGFs, we used numerical modelling in order to investigate properties of seismic noise originating from sources with different characteristics and propagating inside synthetic heterogeneous Earth models representing real geological conditions in the XSoDEx study area. The modelling demonstrated that scattering of ballistic waves on irregular shape heterogeneities, such as massive sulfides or mafic intrusions, could produce a diffused wavefield composed mainly of scattered surface waves. In our study, we show that this scattered wavefield can be used to retrieve reliable EGFs from short-term and non-stationary data using special techniques. One of the possible solutions is application of “signal-to-noise ratio stacking” (SNRS). The EGFs calculated for the XSoDEx profiles were inverted, in order to obtain S-wave velocity models down to the depth of 300 m. The obtained velocity models agree well with geological data and complement the results of reflection seismic data interpretation.

Situation Analysis of the Drug Registration in Vietnam from 2009 To 2019

Vietnam is classified into the group of emerging pharmaceutical countries (Pharmerging) according to the classification of IMS Health since 2008. In order to achieve the potential, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the status of drugs registered for circulation in Viet Nam. However, research on this issue has not been popular, lacked updating, and has not shown continuous change over a long period of time. Therefore, the study is conducted with the desire to provide an overview of the status of drug registration in Vietnam in the period 2009-2019. Classify "Drugs" according to the Law on Pharmacy No. 105/2016/QH13. Pharmaceutical and biological drugs are classified into 27 groups according to ATC codes based on Circular 30/2018/TT-BYT and Vaccine. 19 groups of dosage forms, classified according to the Vietnam Pharmacopoeia V. In the period 2009-2019, Vietnam has 45,801 registered drug registration numbers. In which, domestic drugs with 28,388 numbers (62%). India and South Korea are the 2 countries with the most number of registrations, accounting for 33.9% and 17.3% respectively. Chemico-pharmaceutical finished products registered with 42,245 numbers (92.2%). The group of drugs for treating parasites and anti-infections is the most registered with 27.1%. Oral and parenteral administration, infusion are the two main forms of administration, of which tablets are the most registered dosage form, accounting for 46.4%. Paracetamol is the most registered active ingredient with a total of 2262 registration numbers. Drugs produced domestically have partly met the needs of the people to use drugs, but there is still an imbalance between the pharmacological groups and registered active ingredients. Domestic pharmaceutical enterprises need to increase investment in and research active ingredients and drug groups with few registered numbers. Keywords Drug registration number, active pharmaceutical ingredient, drug registration, period of 2009-2019, Vietnam. References

De impact van de Covid-19-epidemie op het aandeel diagnoses van metastatische ziekte van de meest frequente kankers

The impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on the proportion of distant metastatic cancer diagnoses of the most frequent cancer types The Covid-19 epidemic had a tremendous impact on the Belgian health care system in March and April 2020 with non-urgent procedures and examinations being postponed and screening programs coming to a halt. This might have delayed cancer diagnosis. In this article the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on the proportion of metastatic cancer diagnoses of the most frequent cancer types was examined. The data of the cancer registry of the Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen (ZNA) from March until August in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed. The studied cancer types were invasive breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. There is no relation between the time of diagnosis and the extent of disease. The ratio of metastatic and localised disease did not differ between the studied time periods. However, there is a reduction in the number of diagnosis for breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer, compared with the same period in 2019. This reduction was most pronounced in prostate cancer with a relative reduction of 23%. For now, there does not seem to be a major impact of Covid-19 related restriction measures on the proportion of diagnosis of metastatic cancers in the defined registration period at Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen. However, further research is necessary to evaluate if the reduced number of diagnoses will lead to an increase in belated diagnoses.

EFFECT OF USING ONLINE MODULE ON THE LEARNING RESULTS OF UT STUDENTS AT THE FINAL EXAMINATION GRADUATION LEVEL

This research was conducted on students of the UPBJJ UT Medan Open University who focused on the PGSD UT students of the Pandan Tapteng Study group. Based on data analysis and research hypothesis testing carried out in Class A and B semester nine UT students registration period 2020.1 it can be concluded as follows: Student learning outcomes using conventional learning in final semester UT students obtained an average value of 71.43. Student learning outcomes using the online module in the final semester students obtained an average value of 80.24. There is a significant effect of using the online module on UT student learning outcomes at the level of passing the final exam.

Antimicrobial coating is associated with significantly lower aerobic colony counts in high-touch areas in an orthopedic ward environment

Background Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are the most common complication found in the hospital environment. The aim of the study was to examine whether the use of an antimicrobial coating in high-touch areas in an orthopedic ward could reduce bacterial growth and HAI. Methods From December 2017 to February 2018, HAI were registered on two orthopedic wards. A second registration was performed from December 2018 to February 2019. On the second occasion, an antimicrobial organosilane coating was applied just before the study period and thereafter weekly on one ward, while the other ward served as a control. Twenty defined high-touch areas on each ward were cultured before treatment and after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14 and 16 weeks. Samples were cultured for aerobic colony counts, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Results The total aerobic colony counts were 47% lower on the treated ward compared with the non-treated ward over the study period (p = 0.02). The colony counts for Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were low on both wards. During the first registration period, the incidence of HAI was 22.7% and 20.0% on the non-treated and subsequently treated ward respectively. On the second occasion, after treatment, the incidence was 25.0% and 12.5% (treated ward) respectively (p = 0.0001). Conclusions The use of a long-lasting antimicrobial organosilane coating appears to reduce the bioburden and reduce HAI. Since the incidence of HAI varies substantially over time, longer observation times are needed.

Mobile Learning to Improve Student Collaborative Skills: An Alternative to Online Learning in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic

This research aimed to produce a valid and effective mobile learning model and tools as an alternative to online learning solutions in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The tutorial tools are: tutorial activity design, tutorial activity unit, student activity sheet, and collaborative ability test. The trial design used a Pre-Experiment with a one group pre-test and post-test design. The research subject was the Pre-service Primary Teachers (PPTs) programming the elementary concept science course for the registration period of 2020. The data collection instruments included: (1) tutorial tool validity assessment sheet and (2) collaborative ability test. The research data were in the form of pre-test scores and post-test scores after going through a series of prerequisite tests: normality test and homogeneity test which were then analyzed using paired t-test. The mean level of improvement in the pre-test and post-test scores were calculated using the gain score. The results showed that: (1) the development of mobile learning which was included in the content and construct in the valid category, and supported by tutorial tools was included in the valid category and (2) the developed mobile learning was included in the effective category because of the significant increase in student collaborative abilities in limited trials and extensive trials in moderate criteria and students respond positively to the tools and tutorial processes. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the development of mobile learning was valid and effective to improve student collaborative abilities.

Near surface structure of Sodankylä area in Finland, obtained by advanced method of passive seismic interferometry

Controlled-source seismic exploration surveys are not always possible in nature-protected areas. As an alternative, application of passive seismic techniques in such areas can be proposed. In our study, we show results of passive seismic interferometry application for mapping the uppermost crust in the area of active mineral exploration in Northern Finland. We are utilizing continuous seismic data acquired by Sercel Unite Wireless multichannel recording system along several profiles during XSoDEx (eXperiment of SOdankylä Deep Exploration) project. The objective of the project was to obtain a structural image of the upper crust in the Sodankylä area of Northern Finland in order to achieve a better understanding of the mineral system at depth. The key experiment of the project was a high-resolution seismic reflection experiment, and continuous passive seismic data was acquired in parallel with reflection seismic data acquisition. Due to this, the length of passive data suitable for noise cross-correlation was limited to several hours. In addition, analysis of the passive data demonstrated that dominating sources of ambient noise are non-stationary and have different origin across the XSoDEx study area. As the long data registration period and isotropic azimuthal distribution of noise sources are two major conditions for diffuse wavefield necessary for Empirical Green's Functions (EGFs) extraction, the conventional techniques of passive seismic interferometry was not possible to apply. To find the way to obtain EGFs, we used numerical modelling to investigate the properties of seismic noise originating from sources with different characteristics and propagating inside synthetic heterogeneous Earth models that models real geological conditions in the XSodEx study area. The modelling demonstrated that scattering of ballistic waves on irregular shape heterogeneities, such as massive sulphides or mafic intrusions, could produce diffused wavefield composed mainly of scattered surface waves. This scattered wavefield can be used to retrieve reliable Empirical Green Functions (EGFs) from short-term and non-stationary data, using a special technique called signal-to-noise ratio stacking (SNRS). The EGFs calculated for the XSoDEx profiles were inverted in order to obtain S-wave velocity models down to the depth of 300 meters. The obtained velocity models agree well with geological data and complement the results of reflection seismic data interpretation.