Reliability and Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate: Buffering and 2000-m Rowing Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J. Carr ◽  
Gary J. Slater ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
Brian Dawson ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Double Blinded

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine the effect and reliability of acute and chronic sodium bicarbonate ingestion for 2000-m rowing ergometer performance (watts) and blood bicarbonate concentration [HCO3−].Methods:In a crossover study, 7 well-trained rowers performed paired 2000-m rowing ergometer trials under 3 double-blinded conditions: (1) 0.3 grams per kilogram of body mass (g/kg BM) acute bicarbonate; (2) 0.5 g/kg BM daily chronic bicarbonate for 3 d; and (3) calcium carbonate placebo, in semi-counterbalanced order. For 2000-m performance and [HCO3−], we examined differences in effects between conditions via pairwise comparisons, with differences interpreted in relation to the likelihood of exceeding smallest worthwhile change thresholds for each variable. We also calculated the within-subject variation (percent typical error).Results:There were only trivial differences in 2000-m performance between placebo (277 ± 60 W), acute bicarbonate (280 ± 65 W) and chronic bicarbonate (282 ± 65 W); however, [HCO3−] was substantially greater after acute bicarbonate, than with chronic loading and placebo. Typical error for 2000-m mean power was 2.1% (90% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.0%) for acute bicarbonate, 3.6% (2.5 to 7.0%) for chronic bicarbonate, and 1.6% (1.1 to 3.0%) for placebo. Postsupplementation [HCO3−] typical error was 7.3% (5.0 to 14.5%) for acute bicarbonate, 2.9% (2.0 to 5.7%) for chronic bicarbonate and 6.0% (1.4 to 11.9%) for placebo.Conclusion:Performance in 2000-m rowing ergometer trials may not substantially improve after acute or chronic bicarbonate loading. However, performances will be reliable with both acute and chronic bicarbonate loading protocols.

Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on 2000-m Rowing Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Hobson ◽  
Roger C. Harris ◽  
Dan Martin ◽  
Perry Smith ◽  
Ben Macklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
The Third ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Double Blinded

The ability to buffer H+ could be vital to exercise performance, as high concentrations of H+ contribute to the development of fatigue.Purpose:The authors examined the effect of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on 2000-m rowing-ergometer performance.Methods:Twenty male rowers (age 23 ± 4 y, height 1.85 ± 0.08 m, mass 82.5 ± 8.9 kg, 2000-m personal-best time 409 ± 16 s) completed two 2000-m rowing-ergometer time trials, separated by 48 h. Participants were supplemented before exercise with 0.3 g/kg body mass of SB or a placebo (maltodextrin; PLA). The trials were conducted using a double-blinded, randomized, counterbalanced crossover study design. Time to complete the 2000-m and time taken for each 500-m split were recorded. Blood lactate, bicarbonate, pH, and base excess were determined preexercise, immediately postexercise, and 5 min postexercise. Performance data were analyzed using paired t tests, as well as magnitude-based inferences; hematological data were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA.Results:Using paired t tests, there was no benefit of SB over PLA (P = .095). However, using magnitude-based inferences there was a likely beneficial effect of SB compared with PLA (PLA 412.0 ± 15.1 s, SB 410.7 ± 14.9 s). Furthermore, SB was 0.5 ± 1.2 s faster than PLA in the third 500 m (P = .035; possibly beneficial) and 1.1 ± 1.7 s faster in the fourth 500 m (P = .004; very likely beneficial). All hematological data were different between SB and PLA and were different from preexercise to postexercise.Conclusion:SB supplementation is likely to be beneficial to the performance of those competing in 2000-m rowing events, particularly in the second half of the event.

The 1,500-m Rowing Performance is Highly Dependent on Modified Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance in National-Level Adolescent Rowers

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Maciejewski ◽  
Abderrahmane Rahmani ◽  
Frédéric Chorin ◽  
Julien Lardy ◽  
Caroline Giroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Total Muscle

Purpose:The aim of the current study was to determine whether the anaerobic performance assessed by a modified Wingate test could account for the 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance in young competitive rowers.Methods:Fourteen national-level adolescent rowers performed on a rowing ergometer i) a 30-s allout exercise (i.e., modified Wingate test) and ii) a 1,500-m all-out exercise (i.e., rowing performance). For each of these two exercises, the mean power output was considered as the main performance criterion (PWIN and P1500, respectively).Results:PWIN was correlated to P1500 (r2 = .83, p < .0001, β = 100%). Furthermore, the estimated total muscle mass was correlated to PWIN and P1500 (r2 = .72 and r2 = .83, p < .0001, β = 100%, respectively). The allometric scaling also indicated that total muscle mass accounts 62% for the relationship between PWIN and P1500.Conclusion:Our results highlight the importance of considering the contribution of total muscle mass and anaerobic energy pathways to 1,500-m rowing performance in competitive adolescent rowers. Therefore, the modified Wingate test could be used by rowing coaches to potentially identify talented young rowers.

Influence of Sodium Bicarbonate on Performance and Hydration in Lightweight Rowing

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Kupcis ◽  
Gary J. Slater ◽  
Cathryn L. Pruscino ◽  
Justin G. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Nutritional Recovery ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Double Blinded

Purpose:The effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on prerace hydration status and on 2000 m ergometer performance in elite lightweight rowers was examined using a randomized, cross-over, double-blinded design.Methods:To simulate body mass (BM) management strategies common to lightweight rowing, oarsmen reduced BM by approx. 4% in the 24 h preceding the trials, and, in the 2 h before performance, undertook nutritional recovery consisting of mean 43.2 kJ/kg, 2.2 g of CHO per kilogram, 31.8 mg of Na+per kilogram, 24.3 mL of H2O per kilogram, and NaHCO3(0.3 g of NaHCO3per kilogram BM) or placebo (PL; 0.15 g of corn flour per kilogram BM) at 70 to 90 min before racing.Results:At 25 min before performance, NaHCO3had increased blood pH (7.48 ± 0.02 vs PL: 7.41 ± 0.03,P= .005) and bicarbonate concentrations (29.1 ± 1.8 vs PL: 23.9 ± 1.6 mmol/L,P< .001), whereas BM, urine specific gravity, and plasma volume changes were similar between trials. Rowing ergometer times were similar between trials (NaHCO3: 397.8 ± 12.6; PL: 398.6 ± 13.8 s,P= .417), whereas posttest bicarbonate (11.6 ± 2.3 vs 9.4 ± 1.8 mmol/L,P= .003) and lactate concentration increases (13.4 ± 1.7 vs 11.9 ± 1.9 mmol/L,P= .001) were greater with NaHCO3.Conclusion:Sodium bicarbonate did not further enhance rehydration or performance in lightweight rowers when undertaking recommended post-weigh-in nutritional recovery strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance: an umbrella review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Ivana Grgic ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
Zeljko Pedisic
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Ergogenic Effects ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background We aimed to perform an umbrella review of meta-analyses examining the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance. Methods We systematically searched for meta-analyses that examined the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance. The methodological quality of the included reviews was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) checklist. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework for downgrading the certainty in evidence was used, which included assessments of risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. Results Eight reviews of moderate and high methodological quality met inclusion criteria. Using the GRADE framework, evidence for the ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on peak and mean power in the Wingate test and Yo-Yo test performance was classified as being of moderate quality. The evidence for these outcomes did not receive a point on the indirectness GRADE item, as “serious indirectness” was detected. Low-quality evidence was found for the ergogenic effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on endurance events lasting ∼45 s to 8 min, muscle endurance, and 2000-m rowing performance. Evidence for these outcomes was classified as low quality, given that risk of bias, indirectness, and publication bias were assessed as “unclear”, “serious”, and “strongly suspected”, respectively. The ergogenic effects ranged from trivial (pooled effect size: 0.09) to large (pooled effect size: 1.26). Still, for most outcomes, sodium bicarbonate elicited comparable ergogenic effects. For example, sodium bicarbonate produced similar effects on performance in endurance events lasting ∼45 s to 8 min, muscle endurance tests, and Yo-Yo test (pooled effect size range: 0.36 to 0.40). No significant differences between the effects of sodium bicarbonate and placebo were found for general mean power, muscle strength, and repeated-sprint ability. Conclusion Based on meta-analyses of moderate to high quality, it can be concluded that sodium bicarbonate supplementation acutely enhances peak anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, performance in endurance events lasting ∼45 s to 8 min, muscle endurance, 2000-m rowing performance, and high-intensity intermittent running. More research is needed among women to improve the generalizability of findings.

Improved 2000-Meter Rowing Performance in Competitive Oarswomen after Caffeine Ingestion

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Anderson ◽  
Clinton R. Bruce ◽  
Steve F. Fraser ◽  
Nigel K. Stepto ◽  
Rudi Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Training Control ◽  
And Training

Eight competitive oarswomen (age, 22 ± 3 years; mass, 64.4 ± 3.8 kg) performed three simulated 2,000-m time trials on a rowing ergometer. The trials, which were preceded by a 24-hour dietary and training control and 72 hours of caffeine abstinence, were condueted 1 hour after ingesting caffeine (6 or 9 mg kg ’ body mass) or placebo. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations before exercise were higher with caffeine than placebo (0.67 ± 0.34 vs. 0.72 ± 0.36 vs. 0.30±0.10 mM for 6 and 9 mg · kg−1; caffeine and placebo, respectively; p <.05). Performance lime improved 0.7% (95% confidence interval [Cf] 0 to 1.5%) with 6 mg kg−1 caffeine and 1.3$ (95% CI 0.5 to 2.0%) with 9 mg · kg−1 caffeine. The first 500 m of the 2,000 m was faster with the higher caffeine dose compared with placebo or the lower dose (1.53 ± 0.52 vs. 1.55 ± 0.62 and 1.56 ± 0.43 min; p = .02). We concluded that caffeine produces a worthwhile enhancement of performance in a controlled laboratory setting, primarily by improving the first 500 m of a 2,000-m row.

scholarly journals Predicting the 2000‐m Rowing Ergometer Performance from Anthropometric, Maximal Oxygen Uptake and 60‐s Mean Power Variables in National Level Young Rowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Dario Cerasola ◽  
Marianna Bellafiore ◽  
Angelo Cataldo ◽  
Daniele Zangla ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
National Level ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Fast Start

Abstract Many studies reported various relationships between 2000-m rowing performance and anthropometric as well as metabolic variables, however, little is known about 60-s mean power in elite youth athletes. The aim of this study was to develop different regression models to predict 2000-m rowing indoor performance time (t2000) using anthropometric variables, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and mean power established during a 60-s all-out test (W60) in national elite youth rowers. Fifteen youth male Italian rowers (age: 15.7 ± 2.0 years; body height: 176.0 ± 8.0 cm; body mass: 71.2 ± 10.0 kg) performed an incremental maximal test, a 60-s all-out test and a 2000-m race simulation using a Concept2 rowing ergometer to assess VO2max, W60 and t2000, respectively. The relationships of all variables with t2000 were investigated through Pearson’s correlation. Multiple regression analyses were used to verify the best prediction model of 2000-m indoor rowing performance. The reliability of these models was expressed by R2 and the standard error of estimate. The results showed that t2000 was significantly correlated with all the examined variables, except for VO2max/body mass and age, and exhibited the significantly highest relationship with W60 (r = -0.943). The combination of anthropometric, VO2max and W60 variables was found to be the most reliable equation to predict t2000 (R2 = 0.94, SEE = 6.4). W60 measure should be considered when monitoring the rower’s capability to perform high-intensity phases, important during the race’s fast start and end. Not requiring expensive equipment and long duration, a 60-s all-out test could be considered a valuable tool for predicting 2000-m performance of elite youth rowers.

The Impact of Preconditioning Strategies Designed to Improve 2000-m Rowing Ergometer Performance in Trained Rowers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Turnes ◽  
Rogério S.O. Cruz ◽  
Fabrizio Caputo ◽  
Rafael A. De Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Superior Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The 2000-m rowing-ergometer test is the most common measure of rowing performance. Because athletes use different intervention strategies for enhancing performance, investigating the effect of preconditioning strategies on the 2000-m test is of great relevance. This study evaluated the effects of different preconditioning strategies on 2000-m rowing-ergometer performance in trained rowers. Methods: A search of electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) identified 27 effects of different preconditioning strategies from 17 studies. Outcomes were calculated as percentage differences between control and experimental interventions, and data were presented as mean ± 90% confidence interval. Performance data were converted to the same metrics, that is, mean power. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to assess whether performance level or caffeine dose could affect the percentage change. Results: The overall beneficial effect on 2000-m mean power was 2.1% (90% confidence limit [CL] ±0.6%). Training status affected the percentage change with interventions, with a −1.1% (90% CL ±1.2%) possible small decrease for 1.0-W·kg−1 increment in performance baseline. Caffeine consumption most likely improves performance, with superior effect in higher doses (≥6 mg·kg−1). Sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine consumption resulted in likely (2.6% [90% CL ±1.5%]) and very likely (1.4% [90% CL ±1.2%]) performance improvements, respectively. However, some preconditioning strategies such as heat acclimation, rehydration, and creatine resulted in small to moderate enhancements in 2000-m performance. Conclusions: Supplementation of caffeine and beta-alanine is a popular and effective strategy to improve 2000-m ergometer performance in trained rowers. Additional research is warranted to confirm the benefit of other strategies to 2000-m rowing-ergometer performance.

scholarly journals DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT FOR EVALUATING SEATING POSITIONS IN PARALYMPIC ROWING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2485-2494
Author(s):  
S. W. Eikevåg ◽  
A. Kvam ◽  
M. K. Bjølseth ◽  
J. F. Erichsen ◽  
M. Steinert
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Design Challenge ◽  
The Many ◽  
Seating Position

AbstractWhen designing high performance sports equipment for Paralympic athletes, there are many unknowns for the design engineer to consider. The design challenge is an optimisation task per individual athlete. However, modelling this optimisation is difficult due to the many variables. This article presents the design of an experiment for identifying and evaluating various seating positions in Paralympic rowing by using a rowing ergometer with a modified seat. Results indicate that changing seating position has a substantial impact on per-athlete rowing performance.

scholarly journals Bioavailability and Chemical/Functional Aspects of Synthetic MK-7 vs Fermentation-Derived MK-7 in Randomised Controlled Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Møller ◽  
Ingrid M. Fange Gjelstad ◽  
Ingebjørg Baksaas ◽  
Tone Grande ◽  
Inger Reidun Aukrust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Synthetic Form ◽  
K Activity

Abstract. We investigated the bioavailability of a synthetic form of the vitamin K2 molecule menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in a randomised single-blinded two-way cross-over study. Healthy subjects (20 – 66 years of age) took a single 180 μg dose of synthetic MK-7 or fermentation-derived MK-7, and serum MK-7 concentrations were monitored for 72 hours to calculate AUC(0 – 72 h) and Cmax. We also compared the biological effects of placebo, fermentation-derived MK-7 (90 μg) and 3 doses of synthetic MK-7(45, 90 and 180 μg) in a randomised double-blinded parallel study. Healthy subjects (20 – 60 years of age) took one of the supplements daily for 43 days, and the fraction of carboxylated osteocalcin (OC) was compared between day 1 and day 43 as a marker for vitamin K activity. In the bioavailability study, the 90 % confidence interval for the ratio of the AUC(0-72 h) values for synthetic and fermentationderived MK-7 was 83 – 111, indicating bioequivalence. The 90 % confidence interval for the Cmax ratio was 83 – 131. The serum concentrations of carboxylated OC and undercarboxylated OC were increased (p = 0.01) and reduced (p = 0.02), respectively, after daily intake of 180 μg of synthetic MK-7 for 43 days, indicating increased vitamin K activity. Across both studies, only 1 participant reported an adverse event (dry mouth; 180 μg synthetic MK-7 group, functional study) that was considered possibly related to synthetic MK-7 supplementation. Our findings provide evidence that the tested synthetic form of MK-7 is bioequivalent to fermentation-derived MK-7, exhibits vitamin K activity and is well tolerated in healthy subjects.

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