Influence of Sodium Bicarbonate on Performance and Hydration in Lightweight Rowing

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Kupcis ◽  
Gary J. Slater ◽  
Cathryn L. Pruscino ◽  
Justin G. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Nutritional Recovery ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Double Blinded

Purpose:The effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on prerace hydration status and on 2000 m ergometer performance in elite lightweight rowers was examined using a randomized, cross-over, double-blinded design.Methods:To simulate body mass (BM) management strategies common to lightweight rowing, oarsmen reduced BM by approx. 4% in the 24 h preceding the trials, and, in the 2 h before performance, undertook nutritional recovery consisting of mean 43.2 kJ/kg, 2.2 g of CHO per kilogram, 31.8 mg of Na+per kilogram, 24.3 mL of H2O per kilogram, and NaHCO3(0.3 g of NaHCO3per kilogram BM) or placebo (PL; 0.15 g of corn flour per kilogram BM) at 70 to 90 min before racing.Results:At 25 min before performance, NaHCO3had increased blood pH (7.48 ± 0.02 vs PL: 7.41 ± 0.03,P= .005) and bicarbonate concentrations (29.1 ± 1.8 vs PL: 23.9 ± 1.6 mmol/L,P< .001), whereas BM, urine specific gravity, and plasma volume changes were similar between trials. Rowing ergometer times were similar between trials (NaHCO3: 397.8 ± 12.6; PL: 398.6 ± 13.8 s,P= .417), whereas posttest bicarbonate (11.6 ± 2.3 vs 9.4 ± 1.8 mmol/L,P= .003) and lactate concentration increases (13.4 ± 1.7 vs 11.9 ± 1.9 mmol/L,P= .001) were greater with NaHCO3.Conclusion:Sodium bicarbonate did not further enhance rehydration or performance in lightweight rowers when undertaking recommended post-weigh-in nutritional recovery strategies.

Reliability and Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate: Buffering and 2000-m Rowing Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J. Carr ◽  
Gary J. Slater ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
Brian Dawson ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Double Blinded

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine the effect and reliability of acute and chronic sodium bicarbonate ingestion for 2000-m rowing ergometer performance (watts) and blood bicarbonate concentration [HCO3−].Methods:In a crossover study, 7 well-trained rowers performed paired 2000-m rowing ergometer trials under 3 double-blinded conditions: (1) 0.3 grams per kilogram of body mass (g/kg BM) acute bicarbonate; (2) 0.5 g/kg BM daily chronic bicarbonate for 3 d; and (3) calcium carbonate placebo, in semi-counterbalanced order. For 2000-m performance and [HCO3−], we examined differences in effects between conditions via pairwise comparisons, with differences interpreted in relation to the likelihood of exceeding smallest worthwhile change thresholds for each variable. We also calculated the within-subject variation (percent typical error).Results:There were only trivial differences in 2000-m performance between placebo (277 ± 60 W), acute bicarbonate (280 ± 65 W) and chronic bicarbonate (282 ± 65 W); however, [HCO3−] was substantially greater after acute bicarbonate, than with chronic loading and placebo. Typical error for 2000-m mean power was 2.1% (90% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.0%) for acute bicarbonate, 3.6% (2.5 to 7.0%) for chronic bicarbonate, and 1.6% (1.1 to 3.0%) for placebo. Postsupplementation [HCO3−] typical error was 7.3% (5.0 to 14.5%) for acute bicarbonate, 2.9% (2.0 to 5.7%) for chronic bicarbonate and 6.0% (1.4 to 11.9%) for placebo.Conclusion:Performance in 2000-m rowing ergometer trials may not substantially improve after acute or chronic bicarbonate loading. However, performances will be reliable with both acute and chronic bicarbonate loading protocols.

Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on 2000-m Rowing Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Hobson ◽  
Roger C. Harris ◽  
Dan Martin ◽  
Perry Smith ◽  
Ben Macklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
The Third ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Double Blinded

The ability to buffer H+ could be vital to exercise performance, as high concentrations of H+ contribute to the development of fatigue.Purpose:The authors examined the effect of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on 2000-m rowing-ergometer performance.Methods:Twenty male rowers (age 23 ± 4 y, height 1.85 ± 0.08 m, mass 82.5 ± 8.9 kg, 2000-m personal-best time 409 ± 16 s) completed two 2000-m rowing-ergometer time trials, separated by 48 h. Participants were supplemented before exercise with 0.3 g/kg body mass of SB or a placebo (maltodextrin; PLA). The trials were conducted using a double-blinded, randomized, counterbalanced crossover study design. Time to complete the 2000-m and time taken for each 500-m split were recorded. Blood lactate, bicarbonate, pH, and base excess were determined preexercise, immediately postexercise, and 5 min postexercise. Performance data were analyzed using paired t tests, as well as magnitude-based inferences; hematological data were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA.Results:Using paired t tests, there was no benefit of SB over PLA (P = .095). However, using magnitude-based inferences there was a likely beneficial effect of SB compared with PLA (PLA 412.0 ± 15.1 s, SB 410.7 ± 14.9 s). Furthermore, SB was 0.5 ± 1.2 s faster than PLA in the third 500 m (P = .035; possibly beneficial) and 1.1 ± 1.7 s faster in the fourth 500 m (P = .004; very likely beneficial). All hematological data were different between SB and PLA and were different from preexercise to postexercise.Conclusion:SB supplementation is likely to be beneficial to the performance of those competing in 2000-m rowing events, particularly in the second half of the event.

Effects of Three Oral Nutritional Supplements on Human Hydration Indices

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Ellis ◽  
Brandon A. Yates ◽  
Amy L. McKenzie ◽  
Colleen X. Muñoz ◽  
Douglas J. Casa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Double Blinded

Urine color (Ucol) as a hydration assessment tool provides practicality, ease of use, and correlates moderately to strongly with urine specific gravity (Usg) and urine osmolality (Uosm). Indicative of daily fluid turnover, along with solute and urochrome excretion in 24-hr samples, Ucol may also reflect dietary composition. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of Ucol as a hydration status biomarker after nutritional supplementation with beetroot (880 mg), vitamin C (1000 mg), and riboflavin (200 mg). Twenty males (Mean ± SD; age, 21 ± 2 y; body mass, 82.12 ± 15.58 kg; height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m) consumed a standardized breakfast and collected all urine voids on one control day (CON) and 1 day after consuming a standardized breakfast and a randomized and double-blinded supplement (SUP) over 3 weeks. Participants replicated exercise and diet for one day before CON, and throughout CON and SUP. Ucol, Usg, Uosm, and urine volume were measured in all 24-hr samples, and Ucol and Usg were measured in all single samples. Ucol was a significant predictor of single sample Usg after all supplements (p < .05). Interestingly, 24-hr Ucol was not a significant predictor of 24-h Usg and Uosm after riboflavin supplementation (p = .20, p = .21). Further, there was a significant difference between CON and SUP 24-h Ucol only after riboflavin supplementation (p < .05). In conclusion, this investigation suggests that users of the UCC (urine color chart) should consider riboflavin supplementation when classifying hydration status and use a combination of urinary biomarkers (e.g., Usg and Ucol), both acutely and over 24 hr.

scholarly journals Intravenous and Oral Fluid Therapy in Neonatal Calves With Diarrhea or Sepsis and in Adult Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Constable ◽  
Florian M. Trefz ◽  
Ismail Sen ◽  
Joachim Berchtold ◽  
Mohammad Nouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Neonatal Calves

Optimal fluid therapy protocols in neonatal calves and adult cattle are based on consideration of signalment, history, and physical examination findings, and individually tailored whenever laboratory analysis is available. Measurement of the magnitude of eye recession, duration of skin tenting in the lateral neck region, and urine specific gravity by refractometry provide the best estimates of hydration status in calves and cattle. Intravenous and oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are frequently administered to critically ill calves and adult cattle. Application of physicochemical principles indicates that 0.9% NaCl, Ringer's solution, and 5% dextrose are equally acidifying, lactated Ringer's and acetated Ringer's solution are neutral to mildly acidifying, and 1.3–1.4% sodium bicarbonate solutions are strongly alkalinizing in cattle. Four different crystalloid solutions are recommended for intravenous fluid therapy in dehydrated or septic calves and dehydrated adult cattle: (1) lactated Ringer's solution and acetated Ringer's solution for dehydrated calves, although neither solution is optimized for administration to neonatal calves or adult cattle; (2) isotonic (1.3%) or hypertonic (5.0 or 8.4%) solutions of sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of calves with diarrhea and severe strong ion (metabolic) acidosis and hyponatremia, and adult cattle with acute ruminal acidosis; (3) Ringer's solution for the treatment of metabolic alkalosis in dehydrated adult cattle, particularly lactating dairy cattle; and (4) hypertonic NaCl solutions (7.2%) and an oral electrolyte solution or water load for the rapid resuscitation of dehydrated neonatal calves and adult cattle. Much progress has been made since the 1970's in identifying important attributes of an OES for diarrheic calves. Important components of an OES for neonatal calves are osmolality, sodium concentration, the effective SID that reflects the concentration of alkalinizing agents, and the energy content. The last three factors are intimately tied to the OES osmolality and the abomasal emptying rate, and therefore the rate of sodium delivery to the small intestine and ultimately the rate of resuscitation. An important need in fluid and electrolyte therapy for adult ruminants is formulation of a practical, effective, and inexpensive OES.

scholarly journals Availability of a Flavored Beverage and Impact on Children’s Hydration Status, Sleep, and Mood

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Michael R. Szymanski ◽  
Gabrielle E. W. Giersch ◽  
Margaret C. Morrissey ◽  
Courteney L. Benjamin ◽  
Yasuki Sekiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Urine Color

Euhydration remains a challenge in children due to lack of access and unpalatability of water and to other reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine if the availability/access to a beverage (Creative Roots®) influences hydration in children and, therefore, sleep quality and mood. Using a crossover investigation, 46 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or an intervention group and received Creative Roots® (INT) for two-week periods. We recorded daily first morning and afternoon urine color (Ucol), thirst perception, and bodyweight of the two groups. Participants reported to the lab once per week and provided first morning urine samples to assess Ucol, urine specific gravity (USG), and urine osmolality (Uosmo). Participants also completed the questionnaires Profile of Mood States-Adolescents (POMS-a) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dependent t-tests were used to assess the effects of the intervention on hydration, mood, and sleep quality. Uosmo was greater and Ucol was darker in the control group (mean ± SD) [Uosmo: INT = 828 ± 177 mOsm·kg−1, CON = 879 ± 184 mOsm·kg−1, (p = 0.037], [Ucol:INT = 5 ± 1, CON = 5 ± 1, p = 0.024]. USG, POMS-a, and PSQI were not significant between the groups. At-home daily afternoon Ucol was darker in the control group [INT = 3 ± 1, CON = 3 ± 1, p = 0.022]. Access to Creative Roots® provides a small, potentially meaningful hydration benefit in children. However, children still demonstrated consistent mild dehydration based on Uosmo, despite consuming the beverage.

scholarly journals Pre-Practice Hydration Status in Soccer (Football) Players in a Cool Environment

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Urmo Kiitam ◽  
Lilita Voitkevica ◽  
Saima Timpmann ◽  
Inese Pontaga ◽  
Jaan Ereline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Soccer Training

Background and Objectives: Only a few studies have reported the pre-practice hydration status in soccer players (SPs) who train in a cool climate. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the hydration status of male semiprofessional SPs immediately before their regular training session in winter. The secondary purpose was to compare the urinary indices of the hydration status of Estonian and Latvian SPs. Materials and Methods: Pre-training urine samples were collected from 40 Estonian (age 22.1 ± 3.4 years, soccer training experience 13.7 ± 3.9 years) and 41 Latvian (age 20.8 ± 3.4 years, soccer training experience 13.3 ± 3.0 years) SPs and analyzed for urine specific gravity (USG). The average outdoor temperature during the sample collection period (January–March) was between −5.1 °C and 0.2 °C (Estonia) and −1.9 °C and −5.0 °C (Latvia). Results: The average pre-training USG of Estonian and Latvian SPs did not differ (P = 0.464). Pooling the data of Estonian and Latvian SPs yielded a mean USG value of 1.021 ± 0.007. Hypohydration (defined as a USG ≥ 1.020) was evident altogether in fifty SPs (61.7%) and one of them had a USG value greater than 1.030. Conclusions: Estonian and Latvian SPs do not differ in respect of USG and the prevalence of pre-training hypohydration is high in this athletic cohort. These findings suggest that SPs as well as their coaches, athletic trainers, and sports physicians should be better educated to recognize the importance of maintaining euhydration during the daily training routine in wintertime and to apply appropriate measures to avoid hypohydration.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Heat Stress and Physical Workload with Worker's Hydration Status in Tirtonadi Bus Station Surakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 12018
Author(s):  
Iwan Suryadi ◽  
Istar Yuliadi ◽  
Seviana Rinawati ◽  
Siti Rachmawati ◽  
Bekti Nugraheni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Terminal workers work with physical load activities every day and are in a hot work climate, which has the potential to experience status disturbances, potentially resulting in hydration problems. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between Heat stress and Physical Workload and Hydration Status of Tirtonadi Bus StationWorkers in Surakarta. research design using observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 48 people was taken by simple random sampling technique. Heat stress is measured by heat stress area, physical workload with SNI 726/2009, and hydration status by urine specific gravity examination. the average heat stress measurement results amounted to 34.75 ° C. the correlation between independent and dependent variables shows there is a significant relationship between heat stress and physical workload with hydration status with p-value = 0,000 and r = -0,799, and p-value = 0.028 and r = 0.317. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between heat stress and hydration status, and there is a significant correlation between physical workload and the hydration status of workers at the Tirtonadi Surakata Terminal.

scholarly journals Comparison of Rapid Hydration and Standard Hydration Prior to Ifosfamide Administration in Pediatric Patients: A Safety and Efficacy Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Aubrie Eaton ◽  
Tosha Egelund ◽  
John Ng
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Time To Initiation ◽  
Adequate Hydration ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Chemotherapy Initiation

OBJECTIVES Adequate hydration status prior to chemotherapy initiation prevents nephrotoxicity in patients receiving potentially nephrotoxic regimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time to initiation of ifosfamide administration between patients receiving standard 6-hour pre-hydration versus 1-hour rapid pre-hydration. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to determine the primary endpoint of time to ifosfamide administration. Patients 1 to 21 years of age who received ifosfamide with standard 6-hour pre-hydration (125 mL/m2/hr for 6 hours) between September 2017 and January 2018 or 1-hour rapid pre-hydration (750 mL/m2/hr for 1 hour) between September 2018 and March 2019 were included. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis, incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), urine specific gravity, amount of time that ifosfamide was delayed from the originally scheduled administration time, the number of times ifosfamide was delayed greater than 4 hours from the originally scheduled administration time, and length of stay. RESULTS A total of 128 patients were included; 68 patients received standard 6-hour pre-hydration and 60 patients received 1-hour rapid pre-hydration prior to ifosfamide administration. Time to ifosfamide administration was reduced from an average of 9.3 hours to 2.4 hours (p &lt; 0.0001). There was no incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis or AKI in either group. CONCLUSIONS The 1-hour rapid pre-hydration protocol significantly reduced the time to ifosfamide administration without an increase in adverse effects.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate, ingested individually or in combination, and a taste-matched placebo on high-intensity cycling capacity in healthy males

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Higgins ◽  
Susie Wilson ◽  
Cameron Hill ◽  
Mike J. Price ◽  
Mike Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Experimental Trials

This study evaluated the effects of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or caffeine individually or in combination on high-intensity cycling capacity. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, 13 healthy, noncycling trained males (age: 21 ± 3 years, height: 178 ± 6 cm, body mass: 76 ± 12 kg, peak power output (Wpeak): 230 ± 34 W, peak oxygen uptake: 46 ± 8 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a graded incremental exercise test, 2 familiarisation trials, and 4 experimental trials. Trials consisted of cycling to volitional exhaustion at 100% Wpeak (TLIM) 60 min after ingesting a solution containing either (i) 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass sodium bicarbonate (BIC), (ii) 5 mg·kg−1 body mass caffeine plus 0.1 g·kg−1 body mass sodium chloride (CAF), (iii) 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass sodium bicarbonate plus 5 mg·kg−1 body mass caffeine (BIC-CAF), or (iv) 0.1 g·kg−1 body mass sodium chloride (PLA). Experimental solutions were administered double-blind. Pre-exercise, at the end of exercise, and 5-min postexercise blood pH, base excess, and bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO3−]) were significantly elevated for BIC and BIC-CAF compared with CAF and PLA. TLIM (median; interquartile range) was significantly greater for CAF (399; 350–415 s; P = 0.039; r = 0.6) and BIC-CAF (367; 333–402 s; P = 0.028; r = 0.6) compared with BIC (313: 284–448 s) although not compared with PLA (358; 290–433 s; P = 0.249, r = 0.3 and P = 0.099 and r = 0.5, respectively). There were no differences between PLA and BIC (P = 0.196; r = 0.4) or between CAF and BIC-CAF (P = 0.753; r = 0.1). Relatively large inter- and intra-individual variation was observed when comparing treatments and therefore an individual approach to supplementation appears warranted.

Effect of Alkalized Urine on Renal Calculi in Patients With Gout: a Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertao Jia ◽  
Haiqiong Zhu ◽  
Hongling Geng ◽  
Yadong Wang ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Renal Calculus ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Prophylaxis Therapy ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Background: The prevalence of renal calculi in patients with gout is high. Alkalized urine has been recommended by the 2020 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines to promote calculus dissolution. However, randomized controlled trials are lacking. Hence, it wasn't recommended by the 2020 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate-alkalized urine on renal calculus in patients with gout. Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial, patients with gout combined with renal calculi are randomized (1:1) to the placebo and sodium bicarbonate groups. All patients were administered febuxostat (40 mg/day) and concomitant anti-inflammatory prophylaxis therapy. The 1–12-week group is double-blinded, and the 13–24-week group is open-labeled. The primary outcome is the rate of patients whose renal calculus volume is reduced after 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes included the volume changes of renal calculi, uric acid changes, the rate of patients with serum uric acid (sUA) levels < 360 μmol/L, the changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the pH value of urine, and the adverse effects after 12 and 24 weeks.Discussion: This trial would evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium bicarbonate-alkalized urine on renal calculi in patients with gout.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100045183, Registered 7 April 2021http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=124742

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