Biomechanical Analysis of Older Adults Stepping Up: A Method of Evaluating Balance

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Michel-Pellegrino ◽  
David Hewson ◽  
Jean-Yves Hogrel ◽  
Jacques Duchêne
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Weight Transfer

The aim of this study was to analyze differences in biomechanical parameters between elderly and control participants when stepping up, to evaluate control of balance. Eleven control and 14 elderly participants performed a step from an initial static posture onto a 7-cm-high force plate. For the spontaneous-velocity condition, elderly participants performed a slower progression velocity than control participants. Elderly participants spent proportionally more time in stance phase, with a corresponding decrease in swing phase, than the control participants, irrespective of movement velocity. In contrast, at spontaneous velocity the parameters related to ground-reaction force (GRF) showed that anteroposterior and mediolateral forces at toe-off of the support limb and the slope of vertical force during weight transfer were significantly smaller for the elderly than for control participants. These GRF parameters depended on the stepping-up velocity. The elderly develop a spatiotemporal strategy and reduced movement velocity to control support balance.

Approximation of the Kinematics of Foot Joints by Using Passive Elastic Characteristics of Joint

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 621-624
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ki Choi ◽  
Si Yeol Kim ◽  
Won Hak Cho
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Foot Joints ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

We investigated the relationship between kinematic and kinetic characteristics of foot joints resisting ground reaction force (GRF). Passive elastic characteristics of joint were obtained from the experiment using three cameras and one force plate. The relationship between joint angle and moment was mathematically modeled by using least square method. The calculated ranges of motion were 7o for TM joint, 4o for TT joint and 20o for MP joint. With the model that relates joint angle and plantar pressure, we could get the kinematic data of the joints which are not available from conventional motion analysis. The model can be used not only for biomechanical analysis which simulates gait but also for the clinical evaluations.

Variability of vertical ground reaction forces collected with one and two force plates in healthy dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stejskal ◽  
B. T. Torres ◽  
G. S. Sandberg ◽  
J. A. Sapora ◽  
R. K. Dover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Plate Versus ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Collection Time

SummaryObjective: To compare peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) data collected with one and two force plates during the same collection time period in healthy dogs at a trot.Animals: Seventeen healthy client-owned adult dogs.Methods: Vertical ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected in a crossover study design, with four sessions on two consecutive days, and then two weeks apart (days 1, 2, 15, and 16) using both one and two force plates collection methods. A repeated measures model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in force plate PVF, VI, and average time per trial (ATT) between days, weeks, and systems (1 plate versus 2 plates). Coefficients of variation for PVF and VI were also calculated separately by forelimbs and hindlimbs, plates, day, and week.Results: The time required to obtain a valid trial was significantly longer using a single force plate when compared with two force plates. Comparing GRF data for all dogs, significant differences in PVF data were found between one and two force plates, however, these differences were diminutive in absolute magnitude, and of unknown clinical importance. Examination of the coefficients of variation for PVF and VI during the different collection periods yielded similar results.Conclusions: Use of two force plates decreased trial repetition and collection time. Vertical GRF data had a similar coefficient of variation with either one or two force plates collection techniques in healthy dogs.

scholarly journals Concurrent Validity of a Portable Force Plate Using Vertical Jump Force–Time Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Lake ◽  
Peter Mundy ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
John J. McMahon ◽  
Timothy J. Suchomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Plate System

This study examined concurrent validity of countermovement vertical jump reactive strength index modified and force–time characteristics recorded using a 1-dimensional portable and laboratory force plate system. Twenty-eight men performed bilateral countermovement vertical jumps on 2 portable force plates placed on top of 2 in-ground force plates, both recording vertical ground reaction force at 1000 Hz. Time to takeoff; jump height; reactive strength index modified; and braking and propulsion impulse, mean net force, and duration were calculated from the vertical force from both force plate systems. Results from both systems were highly correlated (r ≥ .99). There were small (d < 0.12) but significant differences between their respective braking impulse, braking mean net force, propulsion impulse, and propulsion mean net force (P < .001). However, limits of agreement yielded a mean value of 1.7% relative to the laboratory force plate system (95% confidence limits, 0.9%–2.5%), indicating very good agreement across all of the dependent variables. The largest limits of agreement were for jump height (2.1%), time to takeoff (3.4%), and reactive strength index modified (3.8%). The portable force plate system provides a valid method of obtaining reactive strength measures, and several underpinning force–time variables, from unloaded countermovement vertical jump. Thus, practitioners can use both force plates interchangeably.

Biomechanical Analysis of a Change-of-Direction Task in College Soccer Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Condello ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek ◽  
Antonio Tessitore ◽  
Carl Foster
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Cutting Angle ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biomechanical Measurements

This study aimed to investigate biomechanical parameters during a change-of-direction task in college soccer players. Fourteen male and 12 female players performed a 10-m sprint with a 60° change of direction at 5 m. Vertical and mediolateral groundreaction force (GRF) and contact time were measured by having the subjects run in both directions while contacting a force plate with either their preferred (kicking) or nonpreferred leg. Using the midpoint between 2 pelvic markers, further parameters were evaluated: performance cutting angle and horizontal distance. Relationships between parameters, sex, and leg preference were analyzed. Significant correlations emerged between vertical and mediolateral GRF (r = .660–.909) and between contact time and performance cutting angle (r = –.598 to –.793). Sex differences were found for mediolateral GRF (P = .005), performance cutting angle (P = .043), and horizontal distance (P = .020). Leg differences were observed for vertical GRF (P = .029), performance cutting angle (P = .011), and horizontal distance (P = .012). This study showed that a sharper change of direction corresponded to a longer contact time, while no relationships were found with GRF. Moreover, measuring the angle revealed that the real path traveled was different from the theoretical one, highlighting the performance of sharper or more rounded execution. In conclusion, this study showed that specific biomechanical measurements can provide details about the execution of a change of direction, highlighting the ability of the nonpreferred leg to perform better directional changes.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Loading during Gait in Patients Long Period after Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliska Kubonova ◽  
Zdenek Svoboda ◽  
Miroslav Janura ◽  
Jiri Gallo ◽  
Sarka Duskova
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Limb Loading ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the study was to assess lower limb loading during walking after unilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision. Twenty-three THA revision subjects (12 men, 11 women) were divided into three groups according to time since surgery as 1 to 6 years, 6 to 11 years, and over 11 years. Two force plates were used to measure the ground reaction force during the stance phase. On the operated limb, compared to nonoperated limb, we found lower first vertical peak in the group of 1 to 6 years after revision and lower propulsion peak in the group of 6 to 11 years since revision. In the group of 11 years since THA revision, no significant difference was found. With advancing years after surgery, the stance phase duration got reduced and propulsion peak increased in the operated limb; minimal vertical force decreased and the time of minimal vertical force increased in the nonoperated limb. The study findings suggest the tendency to a more gradual and safer weight acceptance on the operated limb during the first years after THA revision, followed by limitation of foot propulsion. Despite this fact, lower limb loading can be considered as symmetrical across the whole measured period.

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ELBOW JOINT LOADING DURING PUSH-UP

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsi Chou ◽  
Shu-Zon Lou ◽  
Shen-Kai Chen ◽  
Hsin-Chieh Chen ◽  
Tsung-Hsien Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Push Up

The purpose of this study was to investigate the static and dynamic forces within the joints during push-up loading of the upper extremity. Ten healthy male students volunteered for this study. They were asked to complete six sets of push-ups in five different hand positions. The Expert Vision Motion Analysis System with six CCD cameras, and a Kistler force plate was used to measure the relative joint position and ground reaction force. Hand position was found to have a statistically significant effect on the axial force. The maximum axial force decreased from "normal" when hands were placed "apart" (45.0% BW, p = 0.012) or "superior" (44.5% BW, p = 0.01). Hand position had a significant effect on the flexion moment of the elbow joint. A greater reduction of flexion torque at 997.3 N-cm (p = 0.001) was experienced with hands "apart." Greater flexion torque existed throughout the cycle with hands "together" and equaled 2301.4 N-cm (p = 0.002). This study provides information about the kinematic and kinetic patterns of the upper extremities, and how hand position affects intersegmental loading. Attention must be given to the valgus torque encountered during push-up exercises. Patients with medial collateral ligament repair and total elbow arthroplasty should be protected from such exercises immediately post-treatment.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise Goals of the Elderly through the Analysis of Kinetic and Kinematic Variables of Quick Walking—Results of the Koreans Elderly Using a Motion Analysis System

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Chang-Gyun Roh
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Global Population

Since the global population is rapidly aging, social interest in the topic is increasing. However, there are not many studies on the elderly who are able to walk on their own, who make up the absolute majority of the total elderly population. Most studies and technological advancements are focused on either the development of assisting devices or on the elderly who use such devices or have a medical history. Therefore, this study analyzed the walks of 31 ordinary individuals of standard physical size and 31 elderly individuals. While there are studies on general gait and walk, there are not many on “maximum walking,” which is associated with a high risk of fall. For this purpose, a motion analysis system and the Ground Reaction Force Plate were used. The results of measuring and analyzing a total of 15 types of kinematic and kinetic variables as targets showed that the elderly experienced a reduced hike in the walking speed by approximately 5% during maximum walking when compared with normal walking. The variables related to balance were measured to be as high as 12%. Considering this, exercise of the elderly should be more focused on reinforcing variables related to balance, and in particular, emphasis should be placed on maintaining balance even when the walking speed increases.

scholarly journals A comparison of the free moment pattern between normal and hyper-pronated aligned feet in female subjects during the stance phase of gait

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Yazdani ◽  
M Razeghi ◽  
S Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Single Force ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Free Moment

Background: Excessive range of adductory free moment of the ground reaction force may potentially increase the risk of lower extremity injuries by applying a higher torsional load transmitted to the proximal parts.Objective: It was hypothesized that the free moment pattern might be different between hyper-pronated and normal feet subjects. Moreover, a correlation would exist between peak adduction free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction at the stance phase of walking.Methods: Thirty female participants were divided into two groups of asymptomatic hyper-pronated and normal feet. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected using a single force plate and a six-camera motion analysis system during three successful free speed walking trials. Ensemble average curves were extracted from the time normalized individual trials of the stance phase for both free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction parameters.Results: Significant differences in peak adductory free moment, peak ankle-foot complex eversion and peak ankle-foot complex abduction were found between normal and hyper-pronated groups (4.90±0.97Vs. 5.94±0.88, P < 0.01), (3.30±0.95Vs. 6.28±1.47, P < 0.01) and (4.52±1.16Vs. 8.23±2.52, P < 0.01, respectively).A significant positive correlation was found between the peak adduction free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction in both groups, which was more strongly positive in hyper-pronated group (r = 0.745, p < 0.01, normal group, r = 0.900, p < 0.01, hyper-pronated group).Conclusion: As a good measure of torque which is transmitted to the lower extremity, may free moment be a useful biomechanical indicator for both clinical and research purposes.

Kinetics and Stabilization of the Tuck Jump Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lucy S. Kember ◽  
Rhodri S. Lloyd ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Isabel S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Context: Kinetic profiles of athletes performing the tuck jump assessment (TJA) are unknown and may provide insight into the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Design: The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze vertical kinetics of the TJA and (2) determine the stabilization of the kinetics across successive jumping cycles. Methods: Twenty-five healthy female athletes (age = 22.0 [4.6] y; height = 1.69 [0.07] m; body mass = 69.3 [10.3] kg) completed one trial of repeated tuck jumps on a force plate for 10 seconds. Results: Vertical ground reaction force data were used to calculate the following variables across all jump cycles: time of jump cycle (0.65 [0.04] s), ground contact time (0.22 [0.03] s), flight time (0.43 [0.04] s), duty factor (0.34 [0.05]), jump height (0.23 [0.04] m), peak vertical force (5.52 [0.91] body weight [BW]), peak center of mass displacement (0.15 [0.02] m), vertical leg stiffness (27.09 [7.06] BW·m−1), vertical average loading rate (105.94 [28.43] BW·s−1), vertical instantaneous loading rate (140.90 [28.49] BW·s−1), and net impulse (0.43 [0.03] BW·s). A sequential averaging technique indicated a minimum of 11 jumps were required for stabilization of the kinetics. Conclusions: The TJA exposes athletes to high magnitudes of vertical force. Based on the high variability of performance during early repetitions and the potential to miscategorize high-risk landing in female athletes, practitioners should consider scoring the TJA after 11 successive cycles and using kinetic profiling to support landing assessments.

THE INFLUENCE OF TRUNK BRACING ON TIME, SPATIAL PARAMETERS, SYMMETRY OF GROUND REACTION FORCE AND LOADING RATE IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650009
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI ◽  
MAHSA KAVYANI ◽  
FRANCIS FATOYE ◽  
EBRAHIM SADEGHI DAMNEH ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA ETEMADIFAR
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) leads to change between body segments, right-left trunk symmetry and produce pathological gait pattern. The influence of trunk bracing on symmetry of ground reaction force components and loading rate on idiopathic scoliosis has not been well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of trunk bracing on symmetry of forces in adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis. Method: A total of 10 patients with AIS and 10 healthy subjects with comparable age, height and weight were recruited in this study. The force applied on the right and left sides in both groups of subjects were recorded by use of a Kistler force plate while walking. The peak of the vertical force (the first and second peaks) and the force applied on the leg in anteroposterior direction (progression and breaking forces) and mediolateral force were collected in this study. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the asymmetry index of anteroposterior force of normal and scoliotic patients [Formula: see text]. Moreover, trunk bracing decreased asymmetry index of loading rate of scoliotic patients significantly [Formula: see text]. There was no significant difference between the other examined kinetic variables. Conclusion: There are some degrees of asymmetry between the forces applied on the leg in scoliotic subjects. Orthosis decreased the forces applied on the leg in patients with scoliosis. Clinicians are to be aware of these findings as orthotic devices may be of value to patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

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