Sit-to-Stand Power Across the Lifespan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anthony Campitelli ◽  
Sally Paulson ◽  
Jennifer Vincenzo ◽  
Jordan M. Glenn ◽  
Joshua L. Gills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disability ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Position Transducer ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Lower Body Power

Lower-body power measured by a linear position transducer during the sit-to-stand (STS) movement declines with age and may be a predictor of physical disability in older adults. The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for STS power across the lifespan and to determine if differences exist between age cohorts, sexes, and age cohort–sex subgroups. Adults (N = 557) aged 18–89 were divided into five age cohorts and performed the STS connected to a linear position transducer, which calculated power and velocity during the movement. Significantly lower (p < .01) velocity was observed in a younger age cohort in females than males, whereas males saw a significant average power decrement (p < .01) in a younger age cohort than females. STS power norms give clinicians a metric predicting physical disability and may be of particular interest to males as their power production begins to decline at an earlier age.

scholarly journals Sex differences in power decrement identified across the lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 904-904
Author(s):  
Anthony Campitelli ◽  
Sally Paulson ◽  
Jennifer Vincenzo ◽  
Jordan Glenn ◽  
Megan Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Significant Decrement ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lower Body Power

Abstract Muscular power has been shown to be a significant predictor of physical function in older adults, but assessments of power have traditionally been performed in movements not specific to activities of daily living (ADLs). Recent research examined power in the context of ADL-specific movements, but it is unclear how ADL-specific lower-body power differs over lifespan in males and females. This investigation sought to describe ADL-specific power decline across the lifespan and analyze differences between the sexes. Adults (n = 557) aged 18-89 volunteered and were divided into age cohorts (18-30, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-89 years). Participants performed a sit-to-stand (STS) task with as much velocity as possible while connected to a linear position transducer (LPT). The LPT calculated average and peak power. The average result of 5 individual STS trials was analyzed for each of the power variables. The first significant decrement in average STS power (p &lt; .01) was observed at an earlier age cohort in males than females (60-69 in males vs. 70-79 in females). The per decade magnitude of power decrement after age 60 was larger in males than females in both absolute magnitude and percent decrease (11.74 vs. 10.09% decrease per decade). As power and physical function are correlated, this may have implications for the rate and age of functional decline in males. Additionally, understanding the differences in ADL-specific power decline between males and females gives clinicians and health professionals valuable information for developing preventative fitness paradigms specific to members of a given sex.

Menopause

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funmilola M. OlaOlorun ◽  
Wen Shen
Keyword(s):  
Hot Flashes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Active Research

Menopause is the natural senescence of ovarian hormonal production, and it eventually occurs in every woman. The age at which menopause occurs varies between cultures and ethnicities. Menopause can also be the result of medical or surgical interventions, in which case it can occur at a much younger age. Primary symptoms, as well as attitudes toward menopause, also vary between cultures. Presently, the gold standard for treatment of menopause symptoms is hormone therapy; however, many other options have also been shown to be efficacious, and active research is ongoing to develop better and safer treatments. In a high-resource setting, the sequelae/physiologic changes associated with menopause can impact a woman’s physical and mental health for the rest of her life. In addition to “hot flashes,” other less well-known conditions include heart disease, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, depression, and cognitive decline. In the United States, cardiac disease is the leading cause of mortality in women over the age of 65. The growing understanding of the physiology of menopause is beginning to inform strategies either to prevent or to attenuate these common health conditions. As the baby boomers age, the distribution of age cohorts will increase the burden of disease toward post-reproductive women. In addition to providing appropriate medical care, public health efforts must focus on this population due to the financial impact of this age cohort of women.

scholarly journals Prominent seasonality of 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency in Latvia: Age and gender-related variations and testing regimen

2022 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikulshin ◽  
Jana Osite ◽  
Stella Lapina ◽  
Anda Krisane ◽  
Iveta Dzivite-Krisane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Seasonality of 25(OH)D deficiency rate is a factor of major clinical and social impact and should be considered when planning for appropriate testing and tailored correction. We present retrospective cross-sectional analysis of over a million 25(OH)D tests performed in two leading Latvian laboratories – Central Laboratory and E.Gulbja Laboratory. Both series of tests demonstrated prominent seasonal variability of 25(OH)D deficiency rate (<20 ng/ml) and critical deficiency rate (<12 ng/ml): the lowest percentage of deficient tests was in August, while a significant peak was found in March-April. This trend was present at all ages and in both genders, variations were pronounced even for a high-latitude country and more prominent for critical deficiency, in younger age groups and in males. Analysis of testing regimens of both laboratories revealed that schedule was not optimal, period of higher testing intensity being far removed from the 25(OH)D deficiency peak.

scholarly journals Areas for Quality Improvement for Airway Dilation in Children: NSQIP-Pediatric 30-Day Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Cheng ◽  
Beiyu Liu ◽  
Alfredo E. Farjat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
National Database ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
American College Of Surgeons ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objective To identify predictors of adverse events and highlight areas for quality improvement for children who underwent laryngeal or tracheal dilation, without prior tracheostomy placement. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis using a US national database. Setting American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP-pediatric), years 2012 to 2015. Subjects and Methods Patients 18 years and younger were included. Patients without prior tracheostomy placement were identified using 2017 Current Procedural Terminology ( CPT) codes: 31528, 31529, and 31630. Results We identified a total of 160 children who met inclusion criteria. Forty-three (26.9%) patients experienced an adverse event. Mortality was observed postoperatively in 1 patient (0.6%) 1 day after the operation. Younger age, increased number of days from hospital admission to operation, and increased number of days from operation to discharge were noted to be associated with adverse events. Last, the risk of adverse events appears to be mitigated by concurrent other laryngeal procedures. Conclusions There is a high rate of adverse events reported with airway dilation in children. Unplanned reoperations and hospital readmissions are highlighted areas for quality improvement. Airway dilation in children appears to avoid tracheostomy and open laryngotracheoplasty in most cases for at least 30 days postoperatively. Further investigation may be helpful to understand if younger age and delayed operative intervention contribute to increased adverse events.

Functional Lower-Body Power: A Comparison Study Between Physically Inactive, Recreationally Active, and Masters Athlete Late-Middle-Aged Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Glenn ◽  
Michelle Gray ◽  
Jennifer L. Vincenzo ◽  
Matthew S. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Masters Athlete ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Lower Body Power

Muscular power decreases with age, and lower-body power relates to overall functional fitness; however, functional lower-body power has not been evaluated in late-middle-aged (LMA) populations. Purpose:To evaluate average and peak lower-body functional power and velocity among sedentary (SED), recreationally active (RA), and masters athlete (MA) LMA adults.Methods:Participants were SED (n = 13, age = 59.3 ± 4.5 years), RA (n = 35, age = 59.6 ± 5.0 years), and MA (n = 26, age = 56.7 ± 5.4 years). Five sit-to-stand trials were completed to assess lower-body functional power. Average/peak power and velocity were calculated for each trial. Power was expressed relatively to account for participant body weight. Results:MA (13.44 ± 2.76 W/kg) had significantly (p < .01) greater peak power compared with SED (9.99 ± 2.70 W/ kg) and RA (9.93 ± 2.30 W/kg). Similar significant (p < .01) differences existed for peak velocity (SED = 1.02 ± 0.22 m/s, RA = 1.04 ± 0.22 m/s, MA = 1.25 ± 0.19 m/s). No differences existed for average power or velocity between groups.Conclusions:Maintaining a competitively active lifestyle results in greater lower-body functional power in LMA adults and may support longitudinal functionality.

Group Disparities in Educational Outcomes: An Age Cohort Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-352
Author(s):  
Vachaspati Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
And Gender

This article attempts to evaluate differential progress in educational attainment across social groups segregating the attainments at the level of age cohorts. It argues that mapping of educational attainment across age cohorts offers a robust understanding of educational progress, as it sheds light on the likelihood of younger age-groups getting educated in comparison with the older ones. This article examines attainments across five levels of education among the population subgroups which are categorised based on region (rural–urban), social background (SC/ST and Others), and gender (male–female) among others. The analysis reveals that group disparities tend to be lower among the younger age groups but increase along with rising levels of educational attainment. Gender disparity nearly disappears in the youngest age cohort among the better off groups. This exercise at the level of age cohorts offers an optimism that differentials seem to narrow down in recent times, which is not as stark at the aggregate subgroup levels.

Cross-Sectional Assessment of Laboratory Variables in a Healthy Male Population

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer W. Burney ◽  
Louis Bonus
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Laboratory Variables ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Sectional Analysis

A cross-sectional assessment of the laboratory variables collected from healthy U. S. veterans varying in age from 24 to 84 is presented. Only a decrease in % albumin and % alpha-2 globulin fractions of the serum protein, a decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in % gamma globulin and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate are age-related by the statistical model used in this analysis. Shortcomings inherent in cross-sectional analysis and extrapolation of this data into “normals” for the population are discussed. These include such factors as non-Gaussian distribution of subgroups and secular changes between the older and younger age groups.

scholarly journals How do women's diets compare with the new Australian dietary guidelines?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita D Mishra ◽  
Danielle AJM Schoenaker ◽  
Seema Mihrshahi ◽  
Annette J Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo compare women's diets with recommended intakes from the new Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG 2013).DesignCross-sectional study using data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ.SettingTwo nationally representative age cohorts of Australian women.SubjectsWomen in the young cohort (born 1973–1978, aged 31–36 years) and mid-age cohort (born 1946–1951, aged 50–55 years). Women (n 18 226) were categorised into three groups: ‘young women’ (n 5760), young ‘pregnant women’ at the time or who had given birth in the 12 months prior to the survey (n 1999) and ‘mid-age women’ (n 10 467).ResultsLess than 2 % of women in all three groups attained the ADG 2013 recommendation of five daily servings of vegetables, with the majority needing more than two additional servings. For young women, less than one-third met recommendations for fruit (32%) and meat and alternatives (28 %), while only a small minority did so for dairy (12 %) and cereals (7 %). Fifty per cent of pregnant women met guidelines for fruit, but low percentages reached guidelines for dairy (22 %), meat and alternatives (10 %) and cereals (2·5 %). For mid-age women, adherence was higher for meat and alternatives (41 %) and cereals (45 %), whereas only 1 % had the suggested dairy intake of four daily servings.ConclusionsFor most women to follow ADG 2013 recommendations would require substantially increased consumption of cereals, vegetables and dairy. Findings have implications for tailoring the dissemination of dietary guidelines for women in different age groups and for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the changes in marijuana use in the USA, 2005–2018

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e037905
Author(s):  
William Mitchell ◽  
Roma Bhatia ◽  
Nazlee Zebardast
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectivesUnderstanding trends of marijuana use in the USA throughout a period of particularly high adoption of marijuana-legalisation, and understanding demographics most at risk of use, is important in evolving healthcare policy and intervention. This study analyses the demographic-specific changes in the prevalence of marijuana use in the USA between 2005 and 2018.Design, setting and participantsA 14-year retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, a publicly available biennially collected national survey, weighted to represent the entire US population. A total of 35 212 adults between 18 and 69 years old participated in the seven-cycles of surveys analysed (2005–2018).Primary outcome measuredLifetime use, first use before 18 years old, and past-year use of marijuana.ResultsThe majority of adults reported ever using marijuana. While the overall prevalence of lifetime marijuana use remained stable (p=0.53), past-year use increased significantly between 2005 and 2018 (p<0.001) with highest rate of past-year use among younger age groups (p<0.001), males (p<0.001) and those with income below poverty level (p<0.001). Past-year use was the most common among non-Hispanic blacks, and less common among Hispanic/Mexican populations (p<0.002). Trends in past-year use increased among all age categories, males/females, all ethnicities, those with high school education/above, and those at all income levels (p<0.01 for all).ConclusionsWhile lifetime marijuana use remained stable, past-year use significantly increased between 2005 and 2018. While past-year use remained the most common in younger age groups, males, non-Hispanic blacks and those with lower income; increasing trends in past-year use were significant for all age, sex, race and income categories, and for those with high school education/above. With high adoption of marijuana-legalisation laws during this period, our results suggest an associated increase in past-year marijuana use.An accurate understanding of those most at risk can help to inform decisions of healthcare policy-makers and professionals, and facilitate a safe transition of changing marijuana legalisation and use in the USA.

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