Group Disparities in Educational Outcomes: An Age Cohort Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-352
Author(s):  
Vachaspati Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
And Gender

This article attempts to evaluate differential progress in educational attainment across social groups segregating the attainments at the level of age cohorts. It argues that mapping of educational attainment across age cohorts offers a robust understanding of educational progress, as it sheds light on the likelihood of younger age-groups getting educated in comparison with the older ones. This article examines attainments across five levels of education among the population subgroups which are categorised based on region (rural–urban), social background (SC/ST and Others), and gender (male–female) among others. The analysis reveals that group disparities tend to be lower among the younger age groups but increase along with rising levels of educational attainment. Gender disparity nearly disappears in the youngest age cohort among the better off groups. This exercise at the level of age cohorts offers an optimism that differentials seem to narrow down in recent times, which is not as stark at the aggregate subgroup levels.

scholarly journals WHY DON’T OLDER ADULTS USE SENIOR CENTERS? EVIDENCE FROM A SAMPLE OF MASSACHUSETTS ADULTS AGE 50 AND OLDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S498-S498
Author(s):  
Ceara Somerville ◽  
Nidya Velasco Roldan ◽  
Cindy N Bui ◽  
Caitlin E Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Senior Center ◽  
Community Resource ◽  
Senior Centers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Vast Range

Abstract Senior centers are an integral community resource, providing programs and services intended to meet the vast range of needs and interests of older adults. There is a growing literature describing senior center participants and benefits to participation, but little is known about those who choose not to participate at a local senior center. This presentation uniquely characterizes non-users of senior centers, based on a sample of community-dwelling adults aged 50+ from seven communities in Massachusetts (N = 9,462). To date, this is the largest data set that describes senior center usage. Most of the sample were women (60%) and in the 60-69 age group (36%). More than three quarters of the sample do not use the local senior center (77%). The most common reasons for non-usage were lack of interest (27%) and not feeling old enough (26%). There are significant differences in reasons of non-usage among age groups and gender (p < .001). Younger age groups’ (50-69) most popular reasons for non-usage were not feeling old enough, not having time, inconvenient senior center hours, and not knowing what is offered. In contrast, older age groups (80+) more frequently reported having no interest or using programs elsewhere. Men were more likely to report not being interested and not being familiar with what is offered. Women were more likely to report not having time, inconvenient hours of programming, and using programs elsewhere. Based on results from this study, this presentation will outline implications for the future of senior centers and their programming.

Menopause

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funmilola M. OlaOlorun ◽  
Wen Shen
Keyword(s):  
Hot Flashes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Active Research

Menopause is the natural senescence of ovarian hormonal production, and it eventually occurs in every woman. The age at which menopause occurs varies between cultures and ethnicities. Menopause can also be the result of medical or surgical interventions, in which case it can occur at a much younger age. Primary symptoms, as well as attitudes toward menopause, also vary between cultures. Presently, the gold standard for treatment of menopause symptoms is hormone therapy; however, many other options have also been shown to be efficacious, and active research is ongoing to develop better and safer treatments. In a high-resource setting, the sequelae/physiologic changes associated with menopause can impact a woman’s physical and mental health for the rest of her life. In addition to “hot flashes,” other less well-known conditions include heart disease, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, depression, and cognitive decline. In the United States, cardiac disease is the leading cause of mortality in women over the age of 65. The growing understanding of the physiology of menopause is beginning to inform strategies either to prevent or to attenuate these common health conditions. As the baby boomers age, the distribution of age cohorts will increase the burden of disease toward post-reproductive women. In addition to providing appropriate medical care, public health efforts must focus on this population due to the financial impact of this age cohort of women.

scholarly journals 2715. Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Attributed to PCV13 Serotypes in Hospitalized Adults: Comparison of the 50–64 and 65+ Age Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S955-S955
Author(s):  
Jason J LeBlanc ◽  
May ElSherif ◽  
Lingyun Ye ◽  
Donna MacKinnon-Cameron ◽  
Ardith Ambrose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Quellung Reaction

Abstract Background In healthy adults aged ≥65 years, direct immunization with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was shown effective at preventing vaccine-type pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Although PCV13 was licensed for use in Canadian adults aged >50 years, it was recommended for immunocompromised individuals who are at highest risk of IPD. In 2016, a recommendation was issued for use of PCV13 in immunocompetent adults aged ≥65 years, for the prevention of pCAP and IPD. This study aimed to compare pCAP cases attributed to PCV13 serotypes in adults aged 50–64 and ≥65 years. Methods Active surveillance for CAP and IPD was performed from 2010 to 2015 in adult hospitals across five Canadian provinces. To identify pCAP, blood culture, sputum culture, or a PCV13 serotype-specific urine antigen detection (ssUAD) were used. Serotype was assigned using Quellung reaction, PCR, or ssUAD. All pCAP cases were categorized by serotype and age groups. Patient demographics and outcome data were collected. Results Over years 2010–2015, 6687 CAP cases were tested. 835 pCAP cases were identified, of which 418 (50%) caused by a PCV13 serotype. The majority (74%) of PCV13-associated pCAP occurred in the adults aged ≥50 years, whereas only 41.4% (173/418) were in adults ≥65 years. PCV13 pCAP cases declined over the years, likely through herd immunity from childhood immunization. The yearly proportion of pCAP attributed to PCV13 serotypes for ages ≥50 remained high (67.5 to 80.6%), compared those occurring in the ≥65 age groups (35.1 to 49.4%). Compared with test-negative controls, pCAP cases in both age groups were more likely to be admitted to ICU, require mechanical ventilation, and had higher mortality. Of pCAP deaths, 61.4% and 82.3% were in the ≥65 and ≥50 age cohorts, respectively. Conclusion From year 2010 to 2015, adults hospitalized with PCV13 pCAP in the ≥65 age cohort accounted for less than half of the cases, whereas including the 50–64 age cohort increased the proportion to 74%. Similarly, the proportion of PCV13 pCAP deaths that occurred in adults aged ≥50 years was 82%, compared with 61% in the ≥65 age cohort. Expansion of PCV13 recommendations to include adults 50–64 years of age should be considered. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Age analysis of the population mortality from diabetes mellitus in the Tula region

10.12737/5613 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Макишева ◽  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Хромушин ◽  
Viktor Khromushin ◽  
Хадарцев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Cohort

The article analyzes 182897 deaths of the adult population of the Tula region from the mortality register from 2007 to 2013 by age cohorts 15-19; 20-24; 25-34; 35-44; 45-54; 55-64; 65-74; >=75, of which 4882 case of death from diabetes. The increasing incidence of diseases of the endocrine system, disorders of nutrition and metabolism is identified and is accordingly 63,7; 66,5; 68,4; 68,3; 69,4; 71,0 per 1000 population. The mortality rate in the Tula region in 2012 from diabetes was 59,86 per 100000 population. The analysis of mortality shows that the ratio of women to men for the period from 2007 to 2013 increases with increasing age in a power-law dependence from 0,6 to 4,49. In the age cohort 45-54 men and women, there is a decrease in the number of cases. The initial increase and the subsequent significant decline in the number of cases have a place for men in this cohort. For women, the mortality rate decreases with larger slope than for men. The dynamics of the mortality of men and women in the cohort 55-64 is characterized by an increase in the number of cases in 2007-2010 and the decrease in 2011-2013. In this cohort, the mortality rate among men increased (except 2013), and the mortality rate of the female population varies only slightly. Mortality of women, men, and for men and women in the cohort 65-74 years decreases, and in the cohort of 75 and over increased. Positive aspects of age analysis is the transfer of deaths from age groups 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 in a cohort of older ages 75 years or more. Negative aspects of age analysis is the increased mortality of the male population in the cohort 55-64 in 2007- 2012, men and women of this cohort in 2007 - 2010 years, as well as the high mortality of the female population from diabetes, compared with the male population of the Tula region.

scholarly journals Osteosarcoma: A Comparison of Jaw versus Nonjaw Localizations and Review of the Literature

Sarcoma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. van den Berg ◽  
W. H. Schreuder ◽  
J. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
Age Range

Purpose. It is assumed that osteosarcomas of the jaws mainly occur at older ages, whereas the most prominent sites, that is, the long bones, are more affected at ages <20. Jaw-localized tumors are less malignant and have lower metastatic spread rates.Patients and Methods. This study analyses the nationwide data of the Dutch Cancer Registry on osteosarcoma during the period from 1991 to 2010. Age-corrected incidence rates were calculated.Results. In 949, 38 patients had tumors in the maxilla and in 58 in the mandible. Median age for maxilla, mandible, and other localizations was 45.5, 49, and 23 years, respectively. Age-corrected incidence for osteosarcomas increased after a steep decline for the age cohorts from 20 to 60 years to nearly the same level as the younger patients. The incidence for maxillary lesions showed a steady increase from 0.46 to 1.60 per million over all age ranges; the highest incidence for mandibular lesions was found in the age cohort from 60 to 79 years. In respect to histology, no shifts for age were found, except for Paget’s disease-related osteosarcoma. In older patients, chemotherapy was omitted more often. Overall survival was similar for all age groups, except for extragnatic tumor patients in the age range of 60–79 years.Conclusions. Osteosarcomas have comparable incidences below the age of 20 as compared with ages >60 years. Poorer outcome in older people is likely due to refraining from chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Age and Physical Activity among Canadian Women and Men: Findings from Longitudinal National Survey Data

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Curtis ◽  
Philip White ◽  
Barry McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Activity Involvement ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Cohort

This study reports on age-group differences in leisure-time sport and physical activity involvement among a large sample of Canadians interviewed at 2 points during the 1980s. Comparisons are made for 5 age cohorts, for men and women, and without and with multivariate controls. The results contradict the usual finding of an inverse relationship between age and level of physical activity. On measures of (a) activity necessary to produce health benefits and (b) energy expenditure. Canadians over 65 were as active as, or more active than, their younger counterparts, and their activities did not decline over the 7 years between interviews. The extent of change varied by age and across women and men. Among women, increases in involvement were greatest in the middle-aged. Among men, the greatest increase was in the oldest age groups. For both genders, the youngest age cohort showed the smallest change over time, and there was evidence of slight declines in activity levels among young men.

scholarly journals Prominent seasonality of 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency in Latvia: Age and gender-related variations and testing regimen

2022 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikulshin ◽  
Jana Osite ◽  
Stella Lapina ◽  
Anda Krisane ◽  
Iveta Dzivite-Krisane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Seasonality of 25(OH)D deficiency rate is a factor of major clinical and social impact and should be considered when planning for appropriate testing and tailored correction. We present retrospective cross-sectional analysis of over a million 25(OH)D tests performed in two leading Latvian laboratories – Central Laboratory and E.Gulbja Laboratory. Both series of tests demonstrated prominent seasonal variability of 25(OH)D deficiency rate (<20 ng/ml) and critical deficiency rate (<12 ng/ml): the lowest percentage of deficient tests was in August, while a significant peak was found in March-April. This trend was present at all ages and in both genders, variations were pronounced even for a high-latitude country and more prominent for critical deficiency, in younger age groups and in males. Analysis of testing regimens of both laboratories revealed that schedule was not optimal, period of higher testing intensity being far removed from the 25(OH)D deficiency peak.

scholarly journals BMI-Referenced Cut Points for Pedometer-Determined Steps per Day in Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
pp. S126-S139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tudor-Locke ◽  
D.R. Bassett ◽  
W.J. Rutherford ◽  
B.E. Ainsworth ◽  
C.B. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Criterion Referenced ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Background:The goal of this study was to establish preliminary criterion-referenced cut points for adult pedometer-determined physical activity (PA) related to weight status defined by body mass index (BMI).Methods:Researchers contributed directly measured BMI and pedometer data that had been collected (1) using a Yamax-manufactured pedometer, (2) for a minimum of 3 days, (3) on ostensibly healthy adults. The contrasting groups method was used to identify age- and gender-specific cut points for steps/d related to BMI cut points for normal weight and overweight/obesity (defined as BMI <25 and ≥25 kg/m2, respectively).Results:Data included 3127 individuals age 18 to 94 years (976 men, age = 46.8 ± 15.4 years, BMI = 27.3 ± 4.9; 2151 women, age = 47.4 ± 14.9 years, BMI = 27.6 ± 6.4; all gender differences NS). Best estimated cut points for normal versus overweight/obesity ranged from 11,000 to 12,000 steps/d for men and 8000 to 12,000 steps/d for women (consistently higher for younger age groups).Conclusions:These steps/d cut points can be used to identify individuals at risk, or the proportion of adults achieving or falling short of set cut points can be reported and compared between populations. Cut points can also be used to set intervention goals, and they can be referred to when evaluating program impact, as well as environmental and policy changes.

The Swedish Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Sören Sigvardsson ◽  
Per-Olof Nylander ◽  
Jörg Richter
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Swedish Version ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In order to establish new norms of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), data from 2,209 Swedish individuals (age between 13 and 80) was analyzed. The second aim was to evaluate the impact of age and gender on the questionnaire scores. The third aim was to investigate whether the TCI can be meaningfully applied to adolescents in personality assessment as a basis for further research and clinical studies. Age and gender showed independent effects on personality dimensions, which implies that age and gender specific norms have to be established for the TCI. Furthermore, the results in terms of inconsistencies in the correlational and factorial structure, as well as low internal consistency scores in the younger age groups, suggest that the adult version of the TCI should not be applied below the age of 17; for these age groups we recommend the use of the junior TCI (JTCI). The inventory is under further development and several items are in need of revision in order to create less complicated formulations, enabling an improvement in the psychometrics.

Analysis of mortality dynamics of the age cohorts population in the Tula region

10.12737/5609 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хромушин ◽  
Viktor Khromushin ◽  
Хадарцев ◽  
Aleksandr Khadartsev ◽  
Китанина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Project ◽  
Automatic Determination ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Age Cohort

The article presents the analysis results of 182897 rates of deaths of the adult population in the Tula region since 2007 to 2013, which were obtained by means of software, in the frame of the international project. To ensure high validity of data, the automatic determination of the initial reason to deaths, automatic transposition of the lines of the reasons to deaths for recovering the logical sequence, posthumous diagnostics were used. The Analysis of the age cohorts was carried out based on the graphs constructed for each age cohort schedule with the imposed trend. Mortality monitoring made by Public Health of the Tula region, as well as measures control allowed to reduce the mortality in cohort 45-54 age which resulted in the displacement of the high mortality of this cohort in a cohort of older age 55-64. Little progress in reducing mortality in men compared with women was identified. There is a steady decline in mortality, which requires detailed analysis of the age groups 25-34, 35-44 men and 20-24, 35-44 women and the development of control actions. To further reduce mortality, it is advisable to focus on the age cohort 55-64. Received and verified data is the basis for a detailed analysis by class of diseases.

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