Disordered Eating in Female Collegiate Gymnasts: Prevalence and Personality/Attitudinal Correlates

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent A. Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Eating Disturbance ◽  
Collegiate Gymnasts

This study extended the examination of the eating disorders continuum to the population of female athletes. Participants (215 collegiate gymnasts) were classified as normal/nondisordered eaters, exercisers, bingers, dieter/restricters, subthreshold bulimics, or bulimics and were then compared on several personality and attitudinal measures. Results revealed that (a) over 60% of the gymnasts met the criteria for one of the intermediate disordered eating categories, (b) only 22% reported eating behaviors that could be classified as normal or nondisordered, and (c) higher levels of disordered eating disturbance, particularly bulimia nervosa, were associated with a desire to weigh less, lower body satisfaction, lower self-esteem, and greater endorsement of sociocultural values regarding women's attractiveness. The findings provide partial support for the eating continuum in female athletes, and suggest that disordered eating may be the normative behavior in this population. Implications for interventions as well as directions for future research are provided.

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of disordered eating adolescents in cyprus: The influence of body image, situational dysphoria, self-esteem, and the media

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Argyrides ◽  
Evagelia Alexiou
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
The Media ◽  
Eat 26

The purpose of the current study was threefold: a) to collect a very large representative sample of adolescents and assess for their levels of disordered eating behaviors; b) to describe the characteristics of adolescents with disordered eating behaviors in Cyprus based on the measures that were used in the study and c) to compare the adolescents with significant disordered eating behaviors (EAT-26 ≥ 20) to the ones without any disordered eating behaviors (EAT < 20) on all the variables of interest. A total of 2664 secondary school students responded to self-report measures assessing disordered eating, negative body image, situational dysphoria, self-esteem and media influences. Results indicated that 16.04% of the overall sample of adolescents scored significantly on the EAT-26 (21.4% of females and 8.4% of males). Results also indicated that the majority of the adolescents with disordered eating behaviors were female, mainly from average socioeconomic status, normal Body Mass Index and grew up and reside in an urban area. Finally, adolescents in the disordered eating behaviors group scored significantly lower on appearance satisfaction and self-esteem and significantly higher on appearance investment, weight-related anxiety, situational dysphoria, internalization of the thin and athletic ideals as well as feeling pressured from the media and considering the media as a good source of information. In conclusion, results indicate a substantial difference in levels of disordered eating in adolescents as compared to previous research in Cyprus. Possible explanations are addressed as well as implications for prevention strategies and future research ideas based on the findings.

Cognitive Mapping: Its Use as an Assessment Tool for Disordered Eating

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Kristin L. Wiginton ◽  
Deborah Rhea
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
The Impact

The incidence of eating disorders among female athletes continues to increase, presenting intervention challenges to athletic trainers. Additionally, a number of female athletes have disordered eating behaviors that do not yet constitute an eating disorder diagnosis, but have similar characteristics to those athletes diagonised with eating disorders. However, each athlete exhibits individual mental representations of disordered eating and the impact of those representations on important aspects of her life. The athletic trainer has the potential to offer comprehensive preventive education when all aspects of the athlete’s own understanding of disordered eating are assessed. Cognitive mapping is an assessment technique that can be used in addition to other preventive practices and can be useful in determining an athlete’s current mental representations of disordered eating.

Nutritional Aspects of Amenorrhea in the Female Athlete Triad

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Benson ◽  
Kathryn A. Engelbert-Fenton ◽  
Patricia A. Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Bone Injury ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Menstrual Patterns

Female athletes experience a high incidence of menstrual abnormalities. This has critical health consequences because amenorrhea athletes are at greater risk of developing osteopenia and bone injury compared to normally menstruating athletes or nonathletic normally cycling females. Female performers and athletes are also at risk for developing disordered eating behaviors. There appears to be a connection between menstrual dysfunction, athletic training, and disordered eating, but how they relate is not fully understood. In this paper we explore how low calorie intakes, nutritional inadequacies, vegetarianism, low body fat stores, and specific training behaviors may contribute to the abnormal menstrual patterns seen in this population. Recommendations for the detection and prevention of eating and training problems and consequent menstrual abnormalities are included.

Self-Esteem, Body Image, Internalization, and Disordered Eating Among Female Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh A. Sears ◽  
Kathryn R. Tracy ◽  
Nicole M. McBrier
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Esteem

Psychosocial Correlates of Disordered Eating Among Male Collegiate Athletes

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent A. Petrie ◽  
Christy Greenleaf ◽  
Jennifer E. Carter ◽  
Justine J. Reel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Few studies have been conducted examining male athletes and eating disorders, even though the sport environment may increase their risk. Thus, little information exists regarding the relationship of putative risk factors to eating disorders in this group. To address this issue, we examined the relationship of eating disorder classification to the risk factors of body image concerns (including drive for muscularity), negative affect, weight pressures, and disordered eating behaviors. Male college athletes (N= 199) from three different NCAA Division I universities participated. Only two athletes were classified with an eating disorder, though 33 (16.6%) and 164 (82.4%), respectively, were categorized as symptomatic and asymptomatic. Multivariate analyses revealed that eating disorder classification was unrelated to the majority of the risk factors, although the eating disorder group (i.e., clinical and symptomatic) did report greater fear of becoming fat, more weight pressures from TV and from magazines, and higher levels of stress than the asymptomatic athletes. In addition, the eating disorder group had higher scores on the Bulimia Test-Revised (Thelen, Mintz, & Vander Wal, 1996), which validated the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Mintz, O’Halloran, Mulholland, & Schneider, 1997) as a measure of eating disorders with male athletes. These findings suggest that variables that have been supported as risk factors among women in general, and female athletes in particular, may not apply as strongly, or at all, to male athletes.

scholarly journals Orthorexic Tendency in Polish Students: Exploring Association with Dietary Patterns, Body Satisfaction and Weight

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Plichta ◽  
Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz ◽  
Jerzy Gębski
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Satisfaction Factors

Body dissatisfaction is central to clinically diagnosed eating disorders (ED) and seems to be important in causing other non-clinical disorders, including orthorexia nervosa (ON). It can also affect eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of ON tendency with dietary patterns (DPs) and body satisfaction. The data were collected in 2017 through questionnaire survey among 1120 students of health-oriented and other academic programs from seven universities in Poland. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to derive DPs and body satisfaction factors. Six DPs, such as, ‘High-sugar products & snacks’, ‘Fresh products & nuts’, ‘Fatty products & dressings’, ‘Oils & potatoes’, ‘Dairy products & whole-meal bread’, ‘Meat’, and two body satisfaction factors, such as, ‘Bottom body & weight’, and ‘Upper body’ were identified. ON tendency was measured using ORTO-15 questionnaire with both cut-offs, i.e., 35 and 40. Logistic regression analysis was used to verify associations between ON tendency, body satisfaction factors, and DPs. More students of health related majors were characterized by ON tendency in comparison to students of other majors (35.9 vs. 37.2; p < 0.001). More women were dissatisfied with ‘Bottom body & weight compared to men (<0.001). The higher the body mass index (BMI), the more people were dissatisfied with ‘Bottom body & weight’ (p < 0.001). More students with ON tendency were satisfied with their ‘Upper body’ than those without ON tendency, but there were no differences in ON tendency in regard to ‘Bottom body & weight’ satisfaction. ON tendency was associated with more frequent consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds, and less frequent consumption of products high in sugar, snacks, fatty products and dressings. Using cut-off at 35 in ORTO-15 seems to be more appropriate than cut-off at 40 to identify external variables describing ON. Future research on orthorexia nervosa should use other research tools than ORTO-15 to better identify individuals with ON and to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Self-Attitude and Body Satisfaction among Girls

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Natalya Aleksandrovna Barysheva
Keyword(s):  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
General Body ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Psychoemotional State ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
High Level

The present study provides the results of a compar-ative analysis of body satisfaction, self-attitude and self-esteem among girls who do not use the services of a psychologist to correct their psychoemotional state, and girls who attend psychological consulta-tions. It was revealed that both groups of respond-ents have a fairly high level of satisfaction with their body and its individual parts, but they differ signifi-cantly in the components of self-attitude and in the results of the self-esteem study. An integral attitude to themselves, self-esteem, autosympathy, expected attitude from others, and self-acceptance of the girls who do not receive psychological counseling are based on satisfaction with their torso, lower body and skin. It was noted that the results of self-esteem in this group correlate with lower body satisfaction at a high level, and with general body satisfaction at a moderate level. In the group of girls who visit a psychologist, integral self-attitude, self-esteem, au-tosympathy, expected attitude from others, and self-acceptance are associated with upper and lower body satisfaction, as well as skin, hair, and height. Self-esteem is determined by the overall body satis-faction, as well as its upper and lower parts, torso, skin, hair and height.

scholarly journals An exploratory analysis of work engagement among women with and without disordered eating

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Willmer ◽  
Josefin Westerberg Jacobson ◽  
Magnus Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Parametric Testing

Abstract Background Around 10% of the female population is estimated to have a subclinical eating disorder. Many of these women are of working age. Previous research has shown associations between unhealthy eating behaviors and occupational stress or burnout. However, no previous study has explored the association between disordered eating and work engagement, a positive, fulfilling, affective-cognitive state of mind which has been positioned as the conceptual opposite of burnout. Thus, that was the aim of the present study. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 701 Swedish women completed the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). They were divided into a Healthy Eating (HE) and a Disordered Eating (DE) group based on their EDE-Q scores. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to test the association between disordered eating and work engagement. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess the associations between educational level, marital status and age group, and work engagement. Results Neither the UWES scores nor the EDE-Q scores were found to have a normal distribution. Non-parametric testing showed that the DE group reported significantly lower work engagement than the HE group (p = 0.016). There were no significant associations between education, marital status or age (independent variables) and work engagement (dependent variable) (p = 0.826, 0.309, and 0.349, respectively). Conclusion These findings indicate that work engagement may play a role in disordered eating, and that there is a need for future research to consider the workplace environment as a potential source for altering disordered eating behaviors.

scholarly journals Variables associated with disordered eating behaviors among freshman students from Mexico City

10.21149/8000 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3, may-jun) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Díaz de León-Vázquez ◽  
José Alberto Rivera-Márquez ◽  
Letza Bojorquez-Chapela ◽  
Claudia Unikel-Santoncini
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Freshman Students

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and identify their associations with demographic and psychological variables among freshman students at a public university in Mexico City. Materials and methods. A sample of 892 subjects participated in the study. Bivariate and multinomial models were performed to determine associations between DEB and covariates. Results. Of those surveyed, 6.8% of the women and 4.1% of the men exhibited DEB (p<0.05). The variables increasing the risk of eating disorders (ED) for women were internal­ization of the aesthetic thin ideal (IATI), body mass index (BMI), self-esteem and physical activity, while for men they were IATI, drive for muscularity, and self-esteem. Conclu­sions. The frequency of DEB among women and men and the internalization of the thin ideal in both sexes suggest the possibility of a change in the precursor conditions for eating disorders, particularly for men, who exhibit increased risk of such behaviors.

scholarly journals Disordered Eating Attitudes, Anxiety, Self-Esteem and Perfectionism in Young Athletes and Non-Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6754
Author(s):  
Cristina Petisco-Rodríguez ◽  
Laura C. Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Rubén Fernández-García ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
José Manuel García-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Psychological Variables

Eating disorders are associated with short and long-term consequences that can affect sports performance. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether female athletes, particularly gymnasts and footballers, exhibit more eating problems compared to female non-athletes, and to identify individual personality characteristics including anxiety, self-esteem, and perfectionism as possible contributors to eating disorder risk. In a sample of 120 participants, 80 adolescent female athletes were compared to a control condition of 40 non-athletes (mean age 17.2 ± 2.82). Participants responded to a questionnaire package to investigate the presence of disordered eating (SCOFF) and psychological variables in relation to disordered eating symptoms or eating disorder status. Subsequently, anthropometric measures were obtained individually by trained staff. There were statistically significant differences between conditions. One of the most important results was the score in SCOFF (Mann–Whitney = 604, p < 0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.52, r = 0.25), being higher in control than in the gymnast condition. These results suggest that non-athlete female adolescents show more disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts than female adolescents from aesthetic sport modalities and, therefore, may have an enhanced risk of developing clinical eating disorders.

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