scholarly journals Orthorexic Tendency in Polish Students: Exploring Association with Dietary Patterns, Body Satisfaction and Weight

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Plichta ◽  
Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz ◽  
Jerzy Gębski
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Satisfaction Factors

Body dissatisfaction is central to clinically diagnosed eating disorders (ED) and seems to be important in causing other non-clinical disorders, including orthorexia nervosa (ON). It can also affect eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of ON tendency with dietary patterns (DPs) and body satisfaction. The data were collected in 2017 through questionnaire survey among 1120 students of health-oriented and other academic programs from seven universities in Poland. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to derive DPs and body satisfaction factors. Six DPs, such as, ‘High-sugar products & snacks’, ‘Fresh products & nuts’, ‘Fatty products & dressings’, ‘Oils & potatoes’, ‘Dairy products & whole-meal bread’, ‘Meat’, and two body satisfaction factors, such as, ‘Bottom body & weight’, and ‘Upper body’ were identified. ON tendency was measured using ORTO-15 questionnaire with both cut-offs, i.e., 35 and 40. Logistic regression analysis was used to verify associations between ON tendency, body satisfaction factors, and DPs. More students of health related majors were characterized by ON tendency in comparison to students of other majors (35.9 vs. 37.2; p < 0.001). More women were dissatisfied with ‘Bottom body & weight compared to men (<0.001). The higher the body mass index (BMI), the more people were dissatisfied with ‘Bottom body & weight’ (p < 0.001). More students with ON tendency were satisfied with their ‘Upper body’ than those without ON tendency, but there were no differences in ON tendency in regard to ‘Bottom body & weight’ satisfaction. ON tendency was associated with more frequent consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds, and less frequent consumption of products high in sugar, snacks, fatty products and dressings. Using cut-off at 35 in ORTO-15 seems to be more appropriate than cut-off at 40 to identify external variables describing ON. Future research on orthorexia nervosa should use other research tools than ORTO-15 to better identify individuals with ON and to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals A léböjtkúrák és az atípusos evészavarok lehetséges kapcsolata. Kvalitatív előtanulmány

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (28) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Bóna ◽  
Attila Forgács ◽  
Ferenc Túry
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Purging Disorder

Abstract: Introduction and aim: There are two notable eating behaviors that are not far from having their own category as a mental disorder: the purging disorder, that is already among the DSM-5 non-specific eating disorders, and orthorexia nervosa, when a person is fixating too much on healthy foods. Our purpose is to describe how these can be observed in recreational juice cleanse camps, which are very popular today as an alternative health trend. Method: The first author recorded her data during multisited ethnographic observations in two Hungarian juice cleanse camps. Based on the diary logs, notes and interviews collected, we will present the motives of eating anomalies that the participants had shown. Results: The main motive of the camp is “detoxification”. The lack of solid food, drastically low calorie intake and lots of physical activity will bring an inevitable change in the body, that is interpreted as toxins leaving the body. Participants have also included deliberate use of laxatives in their everyday routines, with which they associate positive connotations and are linked to the spiritual processes of “letting it go” and “renewal” in the spirit of a holistic approach. The use of symbols in the physiological processes was highly noticeable. Rapid weight loss due to diuresis, the desire for “clean” meals, and “self-rewarding” borrowed from the esoteric-self-help culture are also common motives. Due to the refeeding complications, so far two deaths have been reported by camp organizers. Conclusions: Both purging disorder and orthorexia nervosa can be well-identified in our observations. This shows that also in the non-clinical environment, there is an institutionalization of eating habits that are dangerous to the health. This “detox” is not only physiologically harmful, but it is not proved to provide long-term help in mental health either. As a solution, we advocate developing an appropriate health communication plan for misconceptions about healthy lifestyle and eating, and also a promotion of psychotherapeutic opportunities. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(28): 1153–1157.

scholarly journals Profiling Commenters on Mental Health–Related Online Forums: A Methodological Example Focusing on Eating Disorder–Related Commenters

10.2196/12555 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e12555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan McCaig ◽  
Mark T Elliott ◽  
Cynthia SQ Siew ◽  
Lukasz Walasek ◽  
Caroline Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Health Related

Background Understanding the characteristics of commenters on mental health–related online forums is vital for the development of effective psychological interventions in these communities. The way in which commenters interact can enhance our understanding of their characteristics. Objective Using eating disorder–related (EDR) forums as an example, this study detailed a methodology that aimed to determine subtypes of mental health–related forums and profile their commenters based on the other forums to which they contributed. Methods The researchers identified all public EDR forums (with ≥500 contributing commenters between March 2017 and February 2018) on a large Web-based discussion platform (Reddit). A mixed-methods approach comprising network analysis with community detection, text mining, and manual review identified subtypes of EDR forums. For each subtype, another network analysis with community detection was conducted using the EDR forum commenter overlap between 50 forums on which the commenters also commented. The topics of forums in each detected community were then manually reviewed to identify the shared interests of each subtype of EDR forum commenters. Results Six subtypes of EDR forums were identified, to which 14,024 commenters had contributed. The results focus on 2 subtypes—proeating disorder and thinspiration—and communities of commenters within both subtypes. Within the proeating disorder subtype, 3 communities of commenters were detected that related to the body and eating, mental health, and women, appearance, and mixed topics. With regard to the thinspiration group, 78.17% (849/1086) of commenters had also commented on pornographic forums and 16.66% (181/1086) had contributed to proeating disorder forums. Conclusions The article exemplifies a methodology that provides insight into subtypes of mental health–related forums and the characteristics of their commenters. The findings have implications for future research and Web-based psychological interventions. With the publicly available data and code provided, researchers can easily reproduce the analyses or utilize the methodology to investigate other mental health–related forums.

scholarly journals Identity and Psychopathology: Bridging Developmental and Clinical Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux Verschueren ◽  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Amarendra Gandhi ◽  
Koen Luyckx
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Important Impact ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Sample Case

Research has demonstrated the important impact of identity on psychosocial functioning in both community and clinical populations. The present article aims to identify different mechanisms through which identity may be related to psychopathology. Emphasis is placed on neo-Eriksonian identity models targeting identity mechanisms both at the structural and process levels. With respect to psychopathology, the present article focuses mainly on disturbed eating behaviors and nonsuicidal self-injury, with both behaviors sharing a focus on the body. Emerging research lines are identified, and recent research is discussed as a sample case of how developmental theorizing on identity can yield insights in the emergence and development of psychopathological behaviors. In integrating these research lines, the present article discusses emerging themes originating from the field and provides important avenues for future research and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Profiling Commenters on Mental Health–Related Online Forums: A Methodological Example Focusing on Eating Disorder–Related Commenters (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan McCaig ◽  
Mark T Elliott ◽  
Cynthia SQ Siew ◽  
Lukasz Walasek ◽  
Caroline Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Health Related

BACKGROUND Understanding the characteristics of commenters on mental health–related online forums is vital for the development of effective psychological interventions in these communities. The way in which commenters interact can enhance our understanding of their characteristics. OBJECTIVE Using eating disorder–related (EDR) forums as an example, this study detailed a methodology that aimed to determine subtypes of mental health–related forums and profile their commenters based on the other forums to which they contributed. METHODS The researchers identified all public EDR forums (with ≥500 contributing commenters between March 2017 and February 2018) on a large Web-based discussion platform (Reddit). A mixed-methods approach comprising network analysis with community detection, text mining, and manual review identified subtypes of EDR forums. For each subtype, another network analysis with community detection was conducted using the EDR forum commenter overlap between 50 forums on which the commenters also commented. The topics of forums in each detected community were then manually reviewed to identify the shared interests of each subtype of EDR forum commenters. RESULTS Six subtypes of EDR forums were identified, to which 14,024 commenters had contributed. The results focus on 2 subtypes—proeating disorder and thinspiration—and communities of commenters within both subtypes. Within the proeating disorder subtype, 3 communities of commenters were detected that related to the body and eating, mental health, and women, appearance, and mixed topics. With regard to the thinspiration group, 78.17% (849/1086) of commenters had also commented on pornographic forums and 16.66% (181/1086) had contributed to proeating disorder forums. CONCLUSIONS The article exemplifies a methodology that provides insight into subtypes of mental health–related forums and the characteristics of their commenters. The findings have implications for future research and Web-based psychological interventions. With the publicly available data and code provided, researchers can easily reproduce the analyses or utilize the methodology to investigate other mental health–related forums.

scholarly journals Body image in children with gender incongruence

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110007
Author(s):  
Anouk Verveen ◽  
Baudewijntje PC Kreukels ◽  
Nastasja M de Graaf ◽  
Thomas D Steensma
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Description ◽  
Gender Specific

Background: In the DSM-5 diagnosis of childhood Gender Dysphoria, two of the eight criteria focus on body satisfaction of the child. Nevertheless, this subject is understudied. This study aims to describe the body image of children with gender incongruence (GI) in relation to birth assigned sex and the intensity of GI. Method: Self-report and parent-report measures on body satisfaction and gender incongruence were obtained from 207 children (<12 years) who were referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, between 2010 and 2016. First, a general description of body satisfaction in children who took part in this study is provided. Secondly, body image of birth assigned boys and girls are compared using chi-square tests and univariate ANCOVA’s. Thirdly, the association between intensity of GI and body image is examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Of the 207 children with GI, 50% reported dissatisfaction with their gender-specific characteristics. Overall, children were less dissatisfied with their neutral body characteristics. Birth assigned girls report greater dissatisfaction with their body characteristics than birth assigned boys. Intensity of GI was significantly related to satisfaction with gender specific body characteristics where a greater intensity of GI relates to more body dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Mental health practitioners should be aware of the diversity in body dissatisfaction in this group. Furthermore, evaluation of body image should be an important topic in the counseling of these children. Future research should focus on the relation of body dissatisfaction and the development of gender incongruent feelings in children with GI.

scholarly journals Cancer and Stress: Does It Make a Difference to the Patient When These Two Challenges Collide?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Anem Iftikhar ◽  
Mohammad Islam ◽  
Simon Shepherd ◽  
Sarah Jones ◽  
Ian Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

A single head and neck Cancer (HNC) is a globally growing challenge associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis itself can affect the patients profoundly let alone the complex and disfiguring treatment. The highly important functions of structures of the head and neck such as mastication, speech, aesthetics, identity and social interactions make a cancer diagnosis in this region even more psychologically traumatic. The emotional distress engendered as a result of functional and social disruption is certain to negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The key biological responses to stressful events are moderated through the combined action of two systems, the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) which releases glucocorticoids and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) which releases catecholamines. In acute stress, these hormones help the body to regain homeostasis; however, in chronic stress their increased levels and activation of their receptors may aid in the progression of cancer. Despite ample evidence on the existence of stress in patients diagnosed with HNC, studies looking at the effect of stress on the progression of disease are scarce, compared to other cancers. This review summarises the challenges associated with HNC that make it stressful and describes how stress signalling aids in the progression of cancer. Growing evidence on the relationship between stress and HNC makes it paramount to focus future research towards a better understanding of stress and its effect on head and neck cancer.

Disordered Eating in Female Collegiate Gymnasts: Prevalence and Personality/Attitudinal Correlates

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent A. Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Eating Disturbance ◽  
Collegiate Gymnasts

This study extended the examination of the eating disorders continuum to the population of female athletes. Participants (215 collegiate gymnasts) were classified as normal/nondisordered eaters, exercisers, bingers, dieter/restricters, subthreshold bulimics, or bulimics and were then compared on several personality and attitudinal measures. Results revealed that (a) over 60% of the gymnasts met the criteria for one of the intermediate disordered eating categories, (b) only 22% reported eating behaviors that could be classified as normal or nondisordered, and (c) higher levels of disordered eating disturbance, particularly bulimia nervosa, were associated with a desire to weigh less, lower body satisfaction, lower self-esteem, and greater endorsement of sociocultural values regarding women's attractiveness. The findings provide partial support for the eating continuum in female athletes, and suggest that disordered eating may be the normative behavior in this population. Implications for interventions as well as directions for future research are provided.

scholarly journals The Effects of Bikram Yoga on Health: Critical Review and Clinical Trial Recommendations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe L. Hewett ◽  
Birinder S. Cheema ◽  
Kate L. Pumpa ◽  
Caroline A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Instructional Dialogue ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Bikram yoga is a style ofhathayoga involving a standarized series ofasanasperformed to an instructional dialogue in a heated environment (40.6°C, 40% humidity). Several studies evaluating the effect of Bikram yoga on health-related outcomes have been published over the past decade. However, to date, there are no comprehensive reviews of this research and there remains a lack of large-scale, robustly-designed randomised controlled trials (RCT) of Bikram yoga training. The purpose of this review is to contextualise and summarise trials that have evaluated the effects of Bikram yoga on health and to provide recommendations for future research. According to published literature, Bikram yoga has been shown to improve lower body strength, lower and upper body range of motion, and balance in healthy adults. Non-RCTs report that Bikram yoga may, in some populations, improve glucose tolerance, bone mineral density, blood lipid profile, arterial stiffness, mindfulness, and perceived stress. There is vast potential for further, improved research into the effects of Bikram yoga, particularly in unhealthy populations, to better understand intervention-related adaptations and their influence on the progression of chronic disease. Future research should adhere to CONSORT guidelines for better design and reporting to improve research quality in this field.

3D female upper body modelling based on 2D images

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482
Author(s):  
Bingfei Gu ◽  
Md Kawysar Ahmed ◽  
Zejun Zhong ◽  
Juanfeng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose With the rapid advancement of computer information technology, the traditional clothing industry has stridden towards automation and digitization that drive the growth of electronic commerce and line retailing. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach on 3D upper body modelling based on the body measurements extracted by non-contact anthropometry. Design/methodology/approach Based on the frontal and side images of the human body, the body sizes were extracted through silhouette extraction, identification of landmarks and girth prediction. The generation rules of 15 characteristic cross-sectional curves were established using a method “feature points – inserted points – feature curves – basic surface – mannequin”. The feature points of each position were determined at each curve, such as the side neck point, front neck point, shoulder point, bust point, and bust root point and so on to get the cross-sections, and then some feature points were inserted at the curves according to the widths and depths to establish the calculative models. For example, there are 18 points distributed at the bust cross-sectional curve to determine the shape. Findings The final mannequin could describe the basic characteristics of a human body, and the shape of the feature curves could also fit the body type to provide basis for the future research on automatic pattern generation. Originality/value This study can realize the 3D virtual modelling of female upper body and the automatic generation of the individualized apparel patterns based on the frontal and side images.

scholarly journals Perceived Nutrition and Health Concerns: Do They Protect against Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ewa Drywień ◽  
Jadwiga Hamulka ◽  
Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Frequent Consumption

The aim of the study was to explore the associations between perceived health and nutrition concerns, sociodemographic characteristics and unhealthy dietary patterns in a representative group of Polish adults. The data were collected in 2017 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey under the National Health Program 2016–2020. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. It was found that higher health concerns decreased the chances of adhering to upper tertiles of “Fast food & alcohol” and “Refined food & sweetened beverages” dietary patterns (DPs), thus displaying less frequent consumption of such foods. No relationship was found between health concerns and adhering to the “Fat food” and “Butter” DPs. Nutrition concerns increased the likelihood of frequent consumption of foods from “Fast food & alcohol” DP. Women were less likely to adhere to unhealthy eating patterns than men, while older people were less likely to often consume fast food, alcohol, or refined food and sweetened beverages. Findings of this study showed that concerns about health or nutrition were differently associated with dietary patterns and consumption of unhealthy foods. These relationships should be considered when developing interventions to address health-related lifestyle changes. However, further research is needed to identify cause-effect relationships between these variables.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document